NA-NP-IE系列实验8:静态路由

实验8:静态路由
1. 实验目的
通过本实验,读者可以掌握如下技能:
1) 路由表的概念
2 ip route 命令的使用
3) 根据需求正确配置静态路由
2. 实验拓扑
3-3 实验8、实验9 拓扑图
 
3. 实验步骤
我们要使得1.1.1.0/242.2.2.0/243.3.3.0/24 网络之间能够互相通信。
1) 步骤1:在各路由器上配置IP 地址、保证直连链路的连通性
R1(config)#int loopback0
R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config)#int s0/0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config)#int loopback0
R2(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config)#int s0/0/0
R2(config-if)#clock rate 128000
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config)#int s0/0/1
R2(config-if)#clock rate 128000
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config)#int loopback0
R3(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config)#int s0/0/1
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
2) 步骤2R1 上配置静态路由
R1(config)#ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
// 下一跳为接口形式,s0/0/0 是点对点的链路,注意应该是R1 上的s0/0/0 接口
R1(config)#ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.2
// 下一跳为IP 地址形式,192.168.12.2 R2 上的IP 地址
3) 步骤3R2 上配置静态路由
R2(config)#ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0
R2(config)#ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
4) 步骤4R3 上配置静态路由
R3(config)#ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
R3(config)#ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1
4. 实验调试
1) 在R1R2R3 上查看路由表
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 3.3.3.0 [1/0] via 192.168.12.2
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
C 192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
2) 从各路由器的环回口ping 其他路由器的环回口:
R1#ping
// 不带任何参数的ping 命令,允许我们输入更多的参数
Protocol [ip]:
Target IP address: 2.2.2.2 // 目标IP 地址
Repeat count [5]: // 发送的ping 次数
Datagram size [100]: //ping 包的大小
Timeout in seconds [2]: // 超时时间
Extended commands [n]: y // 是否进一步扩展命令
Source address or interface: 1.1.1.1 // IP 地址
Type of service [0]:
Set DF bit in IP header? [no]:
Validate reply data? [no]:
Data pattern [0xABCD]:
Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:
Sweep range of sizes [n]:
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 1.1.1.1
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/14/16 ms
// 以上说明从R1 loopback0 可以ping R2 上的loopback0。也可以直接使用命令:
R1#ping 2.2.2.2 source loopback 0
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 1.1.1.1
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/14/16 ms
R2#ping 1.1.1.1 source loopback 0
R2#ping 3.3.3.3 source loopback 0
// R2 loopback0 应该可以ping R1 R3 lopback0 接口。
R3#ping 1.1.1.1 source loopback 0
R3#ping 2.2.2.2 source loopback 0
// R3 loopback0 也应该可以ping R1 R2 lopback0 接口。
【提示】虽然从R1 loopback0 可以ping R3 loopback0,数据需要经过
192.168.23.0/24 网络,但是在R1 上我们并没有添加192.168.23.0/24 的路由。路由器转
发数据包完成是根据路由表的,并且数据是一跳一跳地被转发的,就像接力赛似的。从R1
loopback0 ping R3 loopback0 口时,IP 数据包的源IP 1.1.1.1,目的IP 3.3.3.3
R1 路由器首先查路由表,数据包被发到了R2R2 路由器也查路由表(3.3.3.0/24 路由),
数据包被发到了R3R3 知道这是直连路由。R3 响应R1 的数据包进行类似的过程。
3) 从R1 ping 2.2.2.2、从R1 ping 3.3.3.3
R1#ping 2.2.2.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/14/16 ms
// 可以ping 通。
R1#ping 3.3.3.3
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
// 以上无法ping 通,原因在于使用ping 命令时,如果不指明源接口,则R1 路由器使用s0/0/0
接口的IP 地址(192.168.12.1)作为IP 数据包的源IP 地址了。R3 上响应R1 的数据包时,
数据包是发向192.168.12.1 的,然而由于R3 没有192.168.12.0/24 的路由,数据包无法发
送。即:数据包从R1 到了R3 后,无法返回R1

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