RedHat扩容LVM下的/根目录

 转载自http://blogold.chinaunix.net/u3/93765/showart_2082034.html

 

图形，命令方式LVM下扩展/根目录、命令方式建立VG和LV、动态扩容VG大小、删除VG
注意：此种扩容/的根目录的前提是分区必须采用LVM格式完成，此次实验系统为redhat 4

 

 

实验目的：对/根目录进行扩容，由原来的4.8G扩容到5.3G，增加500MB的空间
分区规划：boot        150MB
          /           5000MB        rootlv
          home        500MB         homelv
          swap        500MB         swaplv

一、如下是安装系统时如何按照LVM方式进行分区的关键几步，其他的安装步骤和正常系统安装一样

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

二、通过系统自带的逻辑卷管理器进行查看LVM的详细信息

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

三、通过命令方式来对/目录进行扩容500MB测试
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv
                      4.8G  3.0G  1.6G  66% /
/dev/sda1             145M   14M  124M  10% /boot
none                  125M     0  125M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/rootvg-homelv
                      465M   11M  431M   3% /home
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
 
Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          19      152586   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              20         401     3068415   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3             402         720     2562367+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda4             721        1044     2602530    5  Extended
/dev/sda5             721         975     2048256   8e  Linux LVM

[root@localhost /]# lvextend -L +500M /dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv 
  Rounding up size to full physical extent 512.00 MB
  Extending logical volume rootlv to 5.38 GB
  Logical volume rootlv successfully resized

[root@localhost /]# ext2online /dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv 
ext2online v1.1.18 - 2001/03/18 for EXT2FS 0.5b

[root@localhost /]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv
                      5.3G  3.0G  2.1G  60% /
/dev/sda1             145M   14M  124M  10% /boot
none                  125M     0  125M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/rootvg-homelv
                      465M   11M  431M   3% /home

[root@localhost /]# fdisk -l
 
Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          19      152586   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              20         401     3068415   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3             402         720     2562367+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda4             721        1044     2602530    5  Extended
/dev/sda5             721         975     2048256   8e  Linux LVM

四、通过图形界面来对/根目录进行扩容500MB测试
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv
                      5.3G  3.0G  2.1G  60% /
/dev/sda1             145M   14M  124M  10% /boot
none                  125M     0  125M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/rootvg-homelv
                      465M   11M  431M   3% /home

 

 

 

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv
                      5.8G  3.0G  2.5G  55% /
/dev/sda1             145M   14M  124M  10% /boot
none                  125M     0  125M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/rootvg-homelv
                      465M   11M  431M   3% /home

五、通过命令方式建立新LVM的文件系统/jiajia和卷组jiajiavg，大小为200MB，主要步骤见下面红色字体
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
 
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1044.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
 
Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (976-1044, default 976): 
Using default value 976
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (976-1044, default 1044): +200M
 
Command (m for help): p
 
Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          19      152586   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              20         401     3068415   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3             402         720     2562367+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda4             721        1044     2602530    5  Extended
/dev/sda5             721         975     2048256   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda6             976        1000      200781   83  Linux

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-6): 6
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 6 to 8e (Linux LVM)
 
Command (m for help): p
 
Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          19      152586   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              20         401     3068415   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3             402         720     2562367+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda4             721        1044     2602530    5  Extended
/dev/sda5             721         975     2048256   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda6             976        1000      200781   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
 
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
 
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe             ---使得上面的设置生效，而无需要重启系统
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda6    ---将/dev/sda6转换成PV
  Physical volume "/dev/sda6" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay /dev/sda6   ---检查新PV的详细信息
  "/dev/sda6" is a new physical volume of "196.08 MB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda6
  VG Name               
  PV Size               196.08 MB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size (KByte)       0
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               lICdJx-KJAP-SO33-unmJ-ox4x-eR1Z-GJvn0z
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate jiajiavg /dev/sda6     ---创建卷组，并将逻辑卷/dev/sda6加入到该卷组jiajiavg中
  Volume group "jiajiavg" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay jiajiavg
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               jiajiavg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               192.00 MB
  PE Size               4.00 MB
  Total PE              48
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       48 / 192.00 MB
  VG UUID               is2u3L-G9F1-Bnrc-9rPM-1DFm-WDSD-wLog9u
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 150M -n lvjiajia jiajiavg          ---从卷组jiajiavg中分出150M出来给LV，名为lvjiajia
  Rounding up size to full physical extent 152.00 MB
  Logical volume "lvjiajia" created
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay /dev/jiajiavg/lvjiajia
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Name                /dev/jiajiavg/lvjiajia
  VG Name                jiajiavg
  LV UUID                ECAEFu-Pyr3-wkEI-27AE-lYXp-xIWk-1WVI5x
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                152.00 MB
  Current LE             38
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:3
[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -j /dev/jiajiavg/lvjiajia      ---将lvjiajia格式化掉
mke2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
38912 inodes, 155648 blocks
7782 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008
19 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
 
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
 
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 20 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /jiajia
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/jiajiavg/lvjiajia /jiajia/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv
                      5.8G  3.1G  2.4G  57% /
/dev/sda1             145M   14M  124M  10% /boot
none                  125M     0  125M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/rootvg-homelv
                      465M   11M  431M   3% /home
/dev/mapper/jiajiavg-lvjiajia
                      148M  5.6M  135M   4% /jiajia

六、动态加大VG的大小200M，主要步骤见下面红色字体
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
 
Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          19      152586   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              20         401     3068415   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3             402         720     2562367+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda4             721        1044     2602530    5  Extended
/dev/sda5             721         975     2048256   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda6             976        1000      200781   8e  Linux LVM
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
 
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1044.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
 
Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)
 
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (1001-1044, default 1001): 
Using default value 1001
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1001-1044, default 1044): +200M
Command (m for help): p
 
Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          19      152586   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              20         401     3068415   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3             402         720     2562367+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda4             721        1044     2602530    5  Extended
/dev/sda5             721         975     2048256   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda6             976        1000      200781   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda7            1001        1025      200781   83  Linux
 
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-7): 7
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 7 to 8e (Linux LVM)
 
Command (m for help): p
 
Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          19      152586   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              20         401     3068415   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3             402         720     2562367+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda4             721        1044     2602530    5  Extended
/dev/sda5             721         975     2048256   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda6             976        1000      200781   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda7            1001        1025      200781   8e  Linux LVM
 
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
 
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
 
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay rootvg       ---先检查未扩容VG钱的大小为7.28G
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               rootvg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        3
  Metadata Sequence No  6
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               3
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                3
  Act PV                3
  VG Size               7.28 GB
  PE Size               32.00 MB
  Total PE              233
  Alloc PE / Size       217 / 6.78 GB
  Free  PE / Size       16 / 512.00 MB
  VG UUID               C50uYl-cDF5-03Ie-0Bwh-ucbi-oOpo-Odlmq9
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe                            ---使得上面的分区生效
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda7                   ---将/dev/sda7转换成PV
  Physical volume "/dev/sda7" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend rootvg /dev/sda7            ---将PV /dev/sda7加入到VG rootvg中 
  Volume group "rootvg" successfully extended
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay rootvg                     ---检查扩容后的VG大小为7.47G
  --- Volume group --- 
  VG Name               rootvg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        4
  Metadata Sequence No  7
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               3
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                4
  Act PV                4
  VG Size               7.47 GB
  PE Size               32.00 MB
  Total PE              239
  Alloc PE / Size       217 / 6.78 GB
  Free  PE / Size       22 / 704.00 MB
  VG UUID               C50uYl-cDF5-03Ie-0Bwh-ucbi-oOpo-Odlmq9

七、删除VG jiajiavg,主要步骤见红色字体
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv
                      5.8G  3.1G  2.4G  57% /
/dev/sda1             145M   14M  124M  10% /boot
none                  125M     0  125M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/rootvg-homelv
                      465M   11M  431M   3% /home
/dev/mapper/jiajiavg-lvjiajia
                      148M  5.6M  135M   4% /jiajia
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay jiajiavg
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               jiajiavg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               192.00 MB
  PE Size               4.00 MB
  Total PE              48
  Alloc PE / Size       38 / 152.00 MB
  Free  PE / Size       10 / 40.00 MB
  VG UUID               is2u3L-G9F1-Bnrc-9rPM-1DFm-WDSD-wLog9u
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay /dev/mapper/jiajiavg-lvjiajia 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Name                /dev/jiajiavg/lvjiajia
  VG Name                jiajiavg
  LV UUID                ECAEFu-Pyr3-wkEI-27AE-lYXp-xIWk-1WVI5x
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                152.00 MB
  Current LE             38
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:3
[root@localhost ~]# umount /jiajia/                         ---先卸载LV所对应的挂在目录
[root@localhost ~]# lvremove /dev/mapper/jiajiavg-lvjiajia  ---删除LV
Do you really want to remove active logical volume "lvjiajia"? [y/n]: y
  Logical volume "lvjiajia" successfully removed
[root@localhost ~]# vgchange -a n jiajiavg                  ---将VG停止作用
  0 logical volume(s) in volume group "jiajiavg" now active
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv
                      5.8G  3.1G  2.4G  57% /
/dev/sda1             145M   14M  124M  10% /boot
none                  125M     0  125M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/rootvg-homelv
                      465M   11M  431M   3% /home
[root@localhost ~]# vgremove jiajiavg
  Volume group "jiajiavg" successfully removed
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay jiajiavg                        ---检查该VG是否还存在
  Volume group "jiajiavg" not found

八、通过图形界面来动态扩展VG
选择在第七步骤删除VG jiajiavg后遗留下的物理卷sda6

 

选择右下边的“添加到已存在的卷组中”

检查卷组rootvg明显增大了，还剩下896MB

[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay rootvg
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               rootvg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        5
  Metadata Sequence No  8
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               3
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                5
  Act PV                5
  VG Size               7.66 GB
  PE Size               32.00 MB
  Total PE              245
  Alloc PE / Size       217 / 6.78 GB
  Free  PE / Size       28 / 896.00 MB
  VG UUID               C50uYl-cDF5-03Ie-0Bwh-ucbi-oOpo-Odlmq9

 

注意：1、动态扩容/根目录（LV）的步骤完全可以用到扩其他分区（LV），这里不在讲述
      2、若系统是REDHAT 3，则扩容的时候需要先卸载挂在目录，举例如下
         umount /jiajia
         e2fsadm -L +200M /dev/jiajiavg/jiajiavg-lvjiajia
         mount /dev/jiajiavg/jiajiavg-lvjiajia /jiajia
      3、若系统是REDHAT 3，则在完成fdisk /dev/sda物理分区后需要reboot系统

 

删除VG
[root@localhost ~]# umount /jiajia/
[root@localhost ~]# lvremove /dev/mapper/jiajiavg-lvjiajia
[root@localhost ~]# vgchange -a n jiajiavg
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay jiajiavg

动态加大VG的大小200M
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
。。。
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1001-1044, default 1044): +200M
。。。
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay rootvg
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe 
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda7
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend rootvg /dev/sda7
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay rootvg

命令方式建立新LVM的文件系统/jiajia和卷组jiajiavg，大小为150MB
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
。。。
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (976-1044, default 1044): +200M
。。。
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe 
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda6
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate jiajiavg /dev/sda6
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 150M -n lvjiajia jiajiavg   从卷组的200M中挖出150M给LV
[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -j /dev/jiajiavg/lvjiajia 
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /jiajia
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/jiajiavg/lvjiajia /jiajia/

命令方式来对/目录进行扩容500MB
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
[root@localhost /]# lvextend -L +500M /dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv 
[root@localhost /]# ext2online /dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv