rman下备份的一些小实验
一、在非归档模式下，进行数据库全备的一些测试；
1.首先进入rman界面，在noachivelog模式下，将数据库进行全备份。
2.在操作系统上将备份的数据库删除，进入rman模式下，仍可以查到备份过的数据库。
3.通过acrosscheck backup;命令检查所有备份集，系统就说报告一个已经expired的备份，也就是之前全备份之后在操作系统上被删除的备份机。
4.通过delete expired backup删除所有过期的副本。
实验问题：可以通过list backup可以列出所有的备份信息。
但是运行list backup of database;无法显示出全库备份的内容。
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
[cs@localhost ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jul 3 11:27:20 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1306062595)
RMAN> backup database format '/home/cs/bak_%U';
Starting backup at 03-JUL-12
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=136 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 07/03/2012 11:39:04
ORA-19602: cannot backup or copy active file in NOARCHIVELOG mode
continuing other job steps, job failed will not be re-run
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
including current SPFILE in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 03-JUL-12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 03-JUL-12
piece handle=/home/cs/bak_02nf5jeo_1_1 tag=TAG20120703T113903 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 07/03/2012 11:39:04
ORA-19602: cannot backup or copy active file in NOARCHIVELOG mode
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Full 6.80M DISK 00:00:03 03-JUL-12
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120703T113903
Piece Name: /home/cs/bak_02nf5jeo_1_1
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 770077 Ckp time: 03-JUL-12
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 03-JUL-12
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/home/cs/bak_02nf5jeo_1_1 recid=1 stamp=787664345
Crosschecked 1 objects
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Full 6.80M DISK 00:00:03 03-JUL-12
BP Key: 1 Status: EXPIRED Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120703T113903
Piece Name: /home/cs/bak_02nf5jeo_1_1
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 770077 Ckp time: 03-JUL-12
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 03-JUL-12
RMAN> delete expired backup;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
List of Backup Pieces
BP Key BS Key Pc# Cp# Status Device Type Piece Name
------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------
1 1 1 1 EXPIRED DISK /home/cs/bak_02nf5jeo_1_1
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? y
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/home/cs/bak_02nf5jeo_1_1 recid=1 stamp=787664345
Deleted 1 EXPIRED objects
RMAN> list backup;
二,在归档模式下，进行的数据库全被的一些测试
果然在归档模式下，list的信息就显示的很全。
归档的日志文件是默认保存在flash_recovery_area。
Oracle 10g 有一项新功能称为:自动的基于磁盘的备份与恢复( Automatic Disk-Based Backup and Recovery )。实现该功能的基础为本文要讲述的闪回恢复区( Flash Recovery Area )。闪回恢复区是 Oracle 10g 中的新事物。简单的说，闪回恢复区是一块用以存储恢复相关的文件的存储空间。 允许用户集中存储所有恢复相关的文件。
闪回恢复区可以放在如下几种存储形式上:
目录
一个文件系统
自动存储管理(ASM)磁盘组
在 RAC 环境中,这个该位置必须为 集群文件系统 (cluster file system) 或是 ASM 磁盘组亦或是通过 NFS 控制的文件共享目录，还要注意的是，所有实例的位置和操作系统的磁盘限额 (disk quota) 必须一致。
如下几种文件可以放到闪回恢复区中:
控制文件
归档的日志文件(注：Oracle 手册上所说的在设定flash recovery area之后，LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10的值将自动设定为flash recovery area的位置，这个变化在笔者测试过程中观察不到)
闪回日志
控制文件和 SPFILE 自动备份
RMAN 备份集
数据文件拷贝
RMAN> backup database format '/home/cs/bak_%U';
Starting backup at 03-JUL-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=/home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=/home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 03-JUL-12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 03-JUL-12
piece handle=/home/cs/bak_03nf5uqc_1_1 tag=TAG20120703T145259 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:04:20
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
including current SPFILE in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 03-JUL-12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 03-JUL-12
piece handle=/home/cs/bak_04nf5v2g_1_1 tag=TAG20120703T145259 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
Finished backup at 03-JUL-12
RMAN> list backup of database;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2 Full 609.70M DISK 00:04:18 03-JUL-12
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120703T145259
Piece Name: /home/cs/bak_03nf5uqc_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 2
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 781840 03-JUL-12 /home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
2 Full 781840 03-JUL-12 /home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
3 Full 781840 03-JUL-12 /home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
4 Full 781840 03-JUL-12 /home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
5 Full 781840 03-JUL-12 /home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2 Full 609.70M DISK 00:04:18 03-JUL-12
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120703T145259
Piece Name: /home/cs/bak_03nf5uqc_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 2
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 781840 03-JUL-12 /home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
2 Full 781840 03-JUL-12 /home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
3 Full 781840 03-JUL-12 /home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
4 Full 781840 03-JUL-12 /home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
5 Full 781840 03-JUL-12 /home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
3 Full 6.80M DISK 00:00:04 03-JUL-12
BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120703T145259
Piece Name: /home/cs/bak_04nf5v2g_1_1
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 781919 Ckp time: 03-JUL-12
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 03-JUL-12
RMAN> list backup of database;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2 Full 609.70M DISK 00:04:18 03-JUL-12
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120703T145259
Piece Name: /home/cs/bak_03nf5uqc_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 2
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 781840 03-JUL-12 /home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
2 Full 781840 03-JUL-12 /home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
3 Full 781840 03-JUL-12 /home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
4 Full 781840 03-JUL-12 /home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
5 Full 781840 03-JUL-12 /home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
4 Full 1.89M DISK 00:00:00 03-JUL-12
BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120703T150346
Piece Name: /home/cs/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2012_07_03/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20120703T150346_7z56bl6v_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 4
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
4 Full 782326 03-JUL-12 /home/cs/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
RMAN> delete backupset 4;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
List of Backup Pieces
BP Key BS Key Pc# Cp# Status Device Type Piece Name
------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------
4 4 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /home/cs/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2012_07_03/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20120703T150346_7z56bl6v_.bkp
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? y
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/home/cs/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2012_07_03/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20120703T150346_7z56bl6v_.bkp recid=4 stamp=787676626
Deleted 1 objects
三、recovery catalog实验
1.先建立一个表空间rmantbs
2.创建一个schema 给予connect,resource,recovery_catalog_owner权限
3.进入rman catalog rmanct/rmanct;
4.在rman中创建catalog；create catalog tablespace rmantbs;
5.连接到catalog. rman taget / catalog rmanct/rmanct
注册数据库 register database；
取消注册数据库 unregister database;
SQL> create tablespace rmantbs datafile '/home/cs/rmantbs01.dbf' size 50m;
Tablespace created.
SQL> grant connect,resource,recovery_catalog_owner to rmanct identified by rmanct;
Grant succeeded.
[cs@localhost ~]$ rman catalog rmanct/rmanct
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jul 3 15:48:26 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN> create catalog tablespace rmantbs;
recovery catalog created
[cs@localhost ~]$ rman target / catalog rmanct/rmanct
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jul 3 15:55:36 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1306062595)
connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN> register database;
database registered in recovery catalog
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
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