配置YUM 从centos5源更新软件

[root@clinet ~]# rpm --import http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/CentOS/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

安装那个 ftp.twaren.net 的 GPG ，也可增加其他资源库，自己选择一个离自己地理位置近点

[root@clinet ~]# rpm -qa gpg-pubkey*

检查 GPG Key

gpg-pubkey-e8562897-459f07a4

如果要删除Key,使用以下命令：

[root@clinet ~]# rpm -e gpg-pubkey-e8562897-459f07a4

 

[root@clinet ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo

[rhel-debuginfo]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Debug

baseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/$releasever/en/os/$basearch/Debuginfo/

baseurl 是你的 YUM 源地址

enabled=0

是否启用这个仓库， 1 为起用， 0 为禁用

gpgcheck=1 

设置 gpgcheck=1 会让 yum 检查每个下载的 RPM 的 GnuPG 签名。这么做是因为你需要适当的 GnuPG key 注册到您的 RPM 数据库。可以防止被欺骗，如：非法入侵发行版网站，木马导入软件包，使不知情用户下载

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

GPGKEY 的存放地址

 

以上默认有的，复制添加以下更新点插入到rhel-debuginfo.repo 文本里后面

 [base]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever -Base

baseurl=http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/CentOS/5/os/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

[update]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever -Updates

baseurl=http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/CentOS/5/updates/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

[extras]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever -Extras

baseurl=http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/CentOS/5/extras/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

[addons]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever -Addons

baseurl=http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/CentOS/5/addons/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

[root@clinet ~]# yum clean all  清除缓存及旧的包

[root@clinet ~]# yum install httpd  测试是否能更新软件

 

注意 : 当第一次使用 yum 或 yum 资源库有更新时 ,yum 会自动下载所有所需的headers放置于/var/cache/yum目录下,所需时间可能较长.请耐心等待，所以后面会显示一连串数据.

 

Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

addons                                                              | 951 B     00:00    

primary.xml.gz                                                      | 201 B     00:00    

base                                                                | 2.1 kB     00:00    

primary.sqlite.bz2                                                  | 1.6 MB     00:34    

update                                                              | 1.9 kB     00:00    

primary.sqlite.bz2                                                  | 463 kB     00:09    

extras                                                              | 1.1 kB     00:00    

primary.xml.gz                                                      | 107 kB     00:01    

extras                                                         325/325

Setting up Install Process

Parsing package install arguments

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package httpd.i386 0:2.2.3-31.el5.centos.2 set to be updated

filelists.xml.gz                                                    | 194 B     00:00    

filelists.sqlite.bz2                                                | 2.3 MB     00:49    

filelists.sqlite.bz2                                                | 3.3 MB     01:13    

filelists.xml.gz                                                    | 151 kB     00:02    

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

 

Dependencies Resolved

 

===========================================================================================

 Package          Arch            Version                          Repository         Size

===========================================================================================

Installing:

 httpd            i386            2.2.3-31.el5.centos.2            update            1.2 M

 

Transaction Summary

===========================================================================================

Install      1 Package(s)        

Update       0 Package(s)        

Remove       0 Package(s)        

 

Total download size: 1.2 M

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

httpd-2.2.3-31.el5.centos.2.i386.rpm                                | 1.2 MB     00:26    

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Finished Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

 Installing     : httpd                                             [1/1]

 

Installed: httpd.i386 0:2.2.3-31.el5.centos.2

Complete!                 

  说明可以用yum安装软件了

[root@clinet ~]#

配置YUM 从本地光盘更新软件

[root@clinet ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom

创建挂载点

[root@clinet ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

挂载光盘

mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only

 

[root@clinet /]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/

total 4

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 781 Feb 24 03:19 rhel-debuginfo.repo

[root@clinet /]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

[root@clinet yum.repos.d]# cp rhel-debuginfo.repo rhel-debuginfo.repo.bak

拷贝为rhel-debuginfo.repo.bak做备份

[root@clinet yum.repos.d]# ll

total 8

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 781 Feb 24 03:19 rhel-debuginfo.repo

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 781 Feb 25 00:34 rhel-debuginfo.repo.bak

[root@clinet yum.repos.d]# vi rhel-debuginfo.repo

编辑rhel-debuginfo.repo，插入以下代码

 

[rhel-debuginfo]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Debug

baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/Server

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

 

其实上面这样设置就已经ok，但是要更新xen.rpm，就更新不到，因为它在/mnt/cdrom/VT下面，为了比较完善，我们修改参数为以下配置

 

[Cluster]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Cluster
baseurl= file:///mnt/cdrom/Cluster
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[ClusterStorage]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - ClusterStorage
baseurl= file:///mnt/cdrom/ClusterStorage
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[Server]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Server
baseurl= file:///mnt/cdrom/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[VT]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - VT
baseurl= file:///mnt/cdrom/VT
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

 

[root@clinet yum.repos.d]# yum clean all

清除缓存及旧的包

Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security

Cleaning up Everything

[root@clinet yum.repos.d]# yum install httpd

测试是否能更新软件

Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

rhel-debuginfo                                                                                             | 1.3 kB     00:00    

primary.xml.gz                                                                                             | 716 kB     00:00    

rhel-debuginfo                                                 2255/2255

Setting up Install Process

Parsing package install arguments

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package httpd.i386 0:2.2.3-22.el5 set to be updated

filelists.xml.gz                                                                                           | 2.3 MB     00:00    

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

 

Dependencies Resolved

 

==================================================================================================================================

 Package                    Arch                      Version                           Repository                           Size

==================================================================================================================================

Installing:

 httpd                      i386                      2.2.3-22.el5                      rhel-debuginfo                      1.2 M

 

Transaction Summary

==================================================================================================================================

Install      1 Package(s)        

Update       0 Package(s)        

Remove       0 Package(s)        

 

Total download size: 1.2 M

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Finished Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

 Installing     : httpd                                             [1/1]

 

Installed: httpd.i386 0:2.2.3-22.el5

Complete!   

说明测试成功

 

以下是拷贝了KABALA的博文，觉得挺详细，就拿出来供大家参考，博文地址：

http://211.89.225.4:82/gate/big5/blog.cnr.cn/?uid-18-action-viewspace-itemid-8099

yum指令

rpm包的更新
�z查可更新的rpm包
#yum check-update
更新所有的rpm包
#yum update
更新指定的rpm包,如更新kernel和kernel source
#yum update kernel kernel-source
大�模的版本升�,�cyum update不同的是,�B�f的淘汰的包也升�
#yum upgrade

rpm包的安�b和�h除
安�brpm包,如xmms-mp3
#yum install xmms-mp3
�h除rpm包,包括�c�包有倚�性的包
#yum remove licq
注:同�r��提示�h除licq-gnome,licq-qt,licq-text

yum�捍�(/var/cache/yum/)的相�P���
清除�捍嬷�rpm包文件
#yum clean packages
清除�捍嬷�rpm�^文件
#yum clearn headers
清除�捍嬷信f的rpm�^文件
#yum clean oldheaders
清除�捍嬷信f的rpm�^文件和包文件
#yum clearn 或#yum clearn all
注:相��於yum clean packages + yum clean oldheaders

包列表
列出�Y源�熘兴�有可以安�b或更新的rpm包
#yum list
列出�Y源�熘刑囟ǖ目梢园惭b或更新以及已�安�b的rpm包
#yum list mozilla#yum list mozilla*
注:可以在rpm包名中使用匹配符,如列出所有以mozilla�_�^的rpm包
列出�Y源�熘兴�有可以更新的rpm包
#yum list updates
列出已�安�b的所有的rpm包
#yum list installed
列出已�安�b的但是不包含在�Y源�熘械�rpm包
#yum list extras
注:通�^其他�W站下�d安�b的rpm包

rpm包�Y��@示(info��低�list)
列出�Y源�熘兴�有可以安�b或更新的rpm包的�Y�
#yum info
列出�Y源�熘刑囟ǖ目梢园惭b或更新以及已�安�b的rpm包的�Y�
#yum info mozilla#yum info mozilla*
注:可以在rpm包名中使用匹配符,如列出所有以mozilla�_�^的rpm包的�Y�
列出�Y源�熘兴�有可以更新的rpm包的�Y�
#yum info updates
列出已�安�b的所有的rpm包的�Y�
#yum info installed
列出已�安�b的但是不包含在�Y源�熘械�rpm包的�Y�
#yum info extras
注:通�^其他�W站下�d安�b的rpm包的�Y�

搜索rpm包
搜索匹配特定字符的rpm包
#yum search mozilla
注:在rpm包名,包描述等中搜索
搜索有包含特定文件名的rpm包
#yum provides realplay

增加�Y源��
例如:增加rpm.livna.org作�橘Y源��
安�bLivna.org rpms GPG key
#rpm --import http://rpm.livna.org/RPM-LIVNA-GPG-KEY
�z查GPG Key
# rpm -qa gpg-pubkey*
�@示Key�Y�
#rpm -qi gpg-pubkey-a109b1ec-3f6e28d5
(注:如果要�h除Key,使用#rpm -e gpg-pubkey-a109b1ec-3f6e28d5)

yum常用的 命令

# yum install xxx            安�bxxx��w

# yum info xxx                查看xxx��w的�Y�

# yum remove xxx        �h除套�b��w

# yum list                        列出套�b��w

# yum clean                    清除��_和旧的包

# yum provides xxx        以xxx�殛P�I字搜索包（提供的�Y��殛P�I字）

# yum search xxx           搜索套�b��w（以名字�殛P�I字）

# yum groupupdate xxx

# yum grouplist xxx

# yum groupremove xxx

�@三��都是一�M��挝贿M行升� 列表和�h除的操作。。比如 "Mysql Database"就是一���M��同�r操作相�P的所有套�b��w；

# yum update                系�y升�

# yum list available        列出所有升�源上的包；

# yum list updates         列出所有升�源上的可以更新包；

# yum list installed         列出已�安�b的包；

# yun update kernel       升��群耍�

yum常用的源

1) 自�舆x�褡羁斓脑�

由於yum中有的mirror速度是非常慢的，如果yum�x�窳诉@��mirror，�@���r候yum就��非常慢，�Υ耍�可以下�dfastestmirror插件，它��自�舆x�褡羁斓�mirror：

#yum install yum-fastestmirror

配置文件：（一般不用�樱�/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/fastestmirror.conf

你的yum�R像的速度�y���文件：/var/cache/yum/timedhosts.txt

2)使用�D形界面的yum

如果�X得命令行的yum不方便，那�N可以使用�D形化的yumex，�@��看起�砀�方便，因�榭梢宰杂傻剡x�褴��w�}�欤�

#yum install yumex

然後在系�y工具中就可以看到yum extender了。���H上系�y自�У摹疤砑�/�h除程式“也可以���F�D形化的��w安�b，但有些yumex的功能它�]有。