定制集成kvm的debian安装iso

定制集成kvm、vbox  debian安装iso

目的：就是把我所需的软件kvm等跟官方下载的iso整在一张盘上，并在安装系统过程中把这些包都装了，这样就不需要装好系统再行安装所需软件了

 

步骤：cp deb   Packages.gz    Release    md5sum    iso

#为了资源节省，方便测试，文本所有操作均在vmware中实现

 

1、安装一个debian_6.0_amd64系统

  安装所需包，这些就是自己需要定制到安装cd中包含的软件包

  # apt-get install gcc

  # apt-get install kvm

  # apt-get install qemu

  # apt-get install libvirt-bin

  # apt-get install bridge-utils

  如果一些常用软件光盘已自带，则无需用apt-get安装

  通过apt-get 安装的包默认存放在/var/cache/apt/archives中

2、新建一个目录用于存放“源iso”

本人以debian-6.0.2.1-amd64-CD-1.iso来做

# mkdir /custom/iso

# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

# cp -ar /mnt/* /custom/iso <注意查看下iso根目录中的隐藏目录.disk有没拷过来>

3、安装apt-move

# apt-get install apt-move

 apt-move是一个专为已下载到/var/cache/apt/archives的软件包生成debian软件包仓库文件结构的工具。为了便于安装，apt会将已安装的软件包下载到本地。 apt-move将默认在/mirrors/debian中生成这个本地仓库。

 

 我将/etc/apt-move.conf中的设置从COPYONLY=no变为COPYONLY=yes以便apt-move不会删除/var/cache/apt/archives/中的软件包。

# apt-move -d squeeze update   <此处squeeze名取自iso中dists目录中>

  -d参数：只下载不安装

# cp -ar /mirrors/debian/pool/main/*  /custom/iso/pool/main/

  把apt-get安装的包添加到iso镜像源中，拷贝好了最好进/custom/iso/pool/main/查看下结构有没出错

 

4、建立更新Packages.gz前提条件

  #相关路径一定要与光盘结构相同

# mkdir /custom/scripts

# cd /custom/scripts

# vi  apt.conf

APT {

FTPArchive {

Release {

Origin "Debian";

Label "Debian";

Suite "stable";

Codename "squeeze";

Architectures "amd64";

Components "main";

};

};

};

 

# vi  config_binary

Dir {

ArchiveDir  "/custom/iso/";

OverrideDir "/custom/scripts/";

CacheDir "/custom";

};

 

TreeDefault {

Directory "pool/";

};

 

BinDirectory "pool/main" {

Packages "dists/squeeze/main/binary-amd64/Packages";

BinOverride "override.squeeze.main";

ExtraOverride "override.squeeze.extra.main";

};

 

Default {

Packages {

Extensions ".deb";

Compress ". gzip";

};

 

Contents {

Compress "gzip";

};

};

# vi  config_installer

Dir {

ArchiveDir "/custom/iso/";

OverrideDir "/custom/scripts/";

CacheDir "/custom";

};

 

TreeDefault {

Directory "pool/";

};

 

BinDirectory "pool/main" {

Packages "dists/squeeze/main/debian-installer/binary-amd64/Packages";

BinOverride "override.squeeze.main";

ExtraOverride "override.squeeze.extra.main";

};

 

Default {

Packages {

Extensions ".udeb";

Compress ". gzip"

};

Contents {

Compress "gzip"

};

};

 

5、由于ubuntu的仓库结构，apt-move并不是把所有的软件包都插入到Packages.gz文件中。我们必须重新制作Packages.gz。

# cd /custom/iso

# dpkg-scanpackages pool/main /dev/null | gzip > dists/squeeze/main/binary-amd64/Packages.gz

如果没有dpkg-scanpackages,请安装dpkg-dev

 

貌似还需解压Packages.gz生成dists/squeeze/main/binary-amd64/Packages，操作如下：

# cp dists/squeeze/main/binary-amd64/Packages.gz /tmp

# cd /tmp

# gunzip Packages.gz

# mv Packages /custom/iso/dists/squeeze/main/binary-amd64/

6、生成新的Release

# cd /custom/iso

# apt-ftparchive -c /custom/scripts/apt.conf generate /custom/scripts/config_installer

# apt-ftparchive -c /custom/scripts/apt.conf generate /custom/scripts/config_binary

# rm dists/squeeze/Release

# apt-ftparchive -c /custom/scripts/apt.conf release dists/squeeze > ./dists/squeeze/Release

 

7、建立preseed.cfg文件，这一步比较关键,我们需要系统自动配置和安装些啥软件就这里了

我的preseed.cfg文件：

# Auto installation

d-i auto-install/enable boolean true

 

# Always install the server kernel.

d-i base-installer/kernel/override-image string linux-server

 

# Install the Ubuntu Server seed.

tasksel tasksel/force-tasks string server

 

# Network configuration.

d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto

d-i netcfg/dhcp_failed note

d-i netcfg/dhcp_options select Do not configure the network at this time

d-i netcfg/get_hostname string ecdata

d-i netcfg/get_domain string ecdata

 

# Clock and time zone setup

d-i clock-setup/utc boolean false

d-i time/zone string Asia/Shanghai

 

# Partitioning

d-i partman-auto/method string lvm

d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true

d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true

d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true

d-i partman-auto-lvm/guided_size string max

d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic

d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true

d-i partman/choose_partition select finish

d-i partman/confirm boolean true

d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true

 

# Account setup

d-i passwd/root-login boolean root

d-i passwd/root-password password 123456

d-i passwd/root-password-again password 123456

d-i user-setup/allow-password-weak boolean true

d-i passwd/make-user boolean true  #设为true为了下面的普通用户生效

d-i user-setup/encrypt-home boolean false

 

# To create a normal user account.

d-i passwd/user-fullname string ecdata

d-i passwd/username string ecdata

# Normal user's password, either in clear text

d-i passwd/user-password password 123456

d-i passwd/user-password-again password 123456

d-i user-setup/allow-password-weak boolean true

 

# Apt setup

d-i apt-setup/contrib boolean true

d-i apt-setup/use_mirror boolean false

d-i apt-setup/services-select multiselect security

d-i apt-setup/local0/repository string ftp://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ stable main  #添加进系统的/etc/apt/sources.list

 

# Scan another CD or DVD?

apt-cdrom-setup apt-setup/cdrom/set-first boolean false  #取消安装过程提示扫描其他cd或dvd

 

# Participate in the package usage survey?               #取消安装过程发送package使用报告

d-i popularity-contest/participate boolean false

 

# Package setup

 

d-i pkgsel/include string sudo gcc kvm qemu libvirt-bin bridge-utils sudo openssh-server

tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard

 

#如果要包含gnome桌面，用下面这段

# Package setup

# d-i pkgsel/include string sudo gcc kvm qemu libvirt-bin bridge-utils sudo openssh-server gdm desktop-base x-window-system-core gnome-core

# tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard, Desktop environment, gnome-core

 

# Boot loader installation

d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true

 

# Finishing up the installation

 d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note

 

（1）检测新建的preseed.cfg文件时候有语法错误

  # debconf-set-selections -c .disk/preseed.cfg

（2）查看系统安装过程中执行的一些操作，对自定义preseed.cfg文件很有帮助，它能提供一些语法的命名

# apt-get install debconf-utils

# debconf-get-selections –installer > /tmp/install

# debconf-get-selections >> /tmp/install

导出debconf数据库和安装程序的cdebconf数据库到文件

（3）把preseed.cfg文件放进光盘根目录.disk中

 

8、修改引导文件，使能找到preseed文件

注意：语言、国家和键盘无法在预置文件preseed中指定，因为这些要在加载预置文件之前指定，所以要修改isolinux中得txt.cfg和gtk.cfg

我的是这样的：

针对文本模式安装

txt.cfg

append debian-installer/locale=en_US console-keymaps-at/keymap=us preseed/file=/cdrom/.disk/preseed.cfg vga=788 initrd=/install.amd/initrd.gz -- quiet

针对图形安装系统

gtk.cfg

append debian-installer/locale=en_US console-keymaps-at/keymap=us  preseed/file=/cdrom/.disk/preseed.cfg video=vesa:ywrap,mtrr vga=788

initrd=/install.amd/gtk/initrd.gz – quiet

 

9、重做md5，不管做了什么，这一步一定要是建立最终iso前最后一步

# cd /custom/iso

# rm -f md5sum.txt

# find -type f -not -name md5sum -not -name boot.cat -exec md5sum {} \; >> md5sum.txt

10、建立iso <debian6.0已经用genisoimage代替了mkisofs，用法相同>

# cd /custom/iso

# genisoimage -o /root/debian-custom.iso -r -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table /custom/iso

 

 

over

本文出自 “no brothers,no linux” 博客，谢绝转载！