通过Http请求访问WebService

  使用的WebService地址为http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx，所使用的服务方法为getWeatherbyCityName，访问上述地址可以看到该服务的说明。

   方法getWeatherbyCityName的Http请求报文格式示例如下：

SOAP 1.1

POST /WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx HTTP/1.1
Host: webservice.webxml.com.cn
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length
SOAPAction: "http://WebXml.com.cn/getWeatherbyCityName"

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
  <soap:Body>
    <getWeatherbyCityName xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">
      <theCityName>string</theCityName>
    </getWeatherbyCityName>
  </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>

HTTP GET

GET /WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getWeatherbyCityName?theCityName=string HTTP/1.1
Host: webservice.webxml.com.cn

HTTP POST

POST /WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getWeatherbyCityName HTTP/1.1
Host: webservice.webxml.com.cn
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: length

theCityName=string

对于以上三种Http请求报文，使用python的httplib库构造起来很方便。

通过Http请求来访问该WebService的代码示例如下：

import httplib
import urllib

*host值通过上面报文即可得到
host = "webservice.webxml.com.cn"
*建立连接
conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host)

*SOAP 1.1
def bySoap():
 *soap报文内容一定要copy原WebService给出的示例，写错非常难debug
    soapMessage ='''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
                   xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
      <soap:Body>
        <getWeatherbyCityName xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">
          <theCityName>beijing</theCityName>
        </getWeatherbyCityName>
      </soap:Body>
    </soap:Envelope>'''
*Http报文头
    headers = {"Content-Type":"text/xml; charset=utf-8",
               "Content-Length":"%d" % len(soapMessage),
               "SOAPAction":"\"http://WebXml.com.cn/getWeatherbyCityName\""}
    *发送请求
 conn.request("POST", "/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx", '', headers)
    *发送Soap报文
 conn.send(soapMessage)
 *获得响应
    r = conn.getresponse()
    print r.read()

*HTTP GET
def byHttpGet():
  *发送请求
    conn.request("GET", "/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getWeatherbyCityName?theCityName=beijing")
    *获得响应
 r = conn.getresponse()
    print r.read()

*HTTP POST
def byHttpPost():
    *post参数需要urlencode
 params = urllib.urlencode({'theCityName':'beijing'})
    *Http报文头
 headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
    *发送请求
 conn.request("POST", "/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getWeatherbyCityName", params, headers)
    *获得响应
 r = conn.getresponse()
    print r.read()

def main():
    bySoap()
    byHttpGet()
    byHttpPost()
*关闭连接
    conn.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()