1.Oracle PRELUDE(前奏)
windows+Ràcmd:START LISTENER:lsnrctl start [listener name]
START SERVICE:oradim –starup –sid orcl
SYS LOGIN: sqlplus / as sysdba;
控制面板à管理工具à服务àOracleOraDb11g_home2TNListenerà启动
OracleServiceORCLà启动
2.sys LOGIN
window+Ràsqlplus:
FIRST LOGIN : sqlplus(with out ‘conn’ or ‘;’)
Super user:sys/ysjian as sysdba ( / as sysdba )
Nomal user:scott/tigger
Switch user to login:conn sys/ysjian as sysdba;
3.The Operations following of super user
CRARTE USER:create user ysjian indetified by ysjian //创建用户ysjian/ysjian
ALTER PASSWORD:alter user ysjian identified by 000 //更改秘密
ALTER STATE OF USER:alter user scott account unlock //给scott用户解锁
alter user scott account lock //给scott用户加锁
show user; //显示当前用户,任何用户都可以用
select * from tab; //查询当前用户的所有的表
desc tableName;//查询表结构
select * from v$nls_parameters; //查询系统参数
drop user ysjian cascade; //强制删除,有数据也可以删除
disconn //断开连接
GRANT RIGHT(授权):
System right(系统权限):
EXPRESSION: grant 权限名称 to 用户名
revoke 权限名称 from 用户名
grant create session,create table,create sequence to ysjian
grant connect to ysjian //用户ysjian可以登录
grant resource to ysjian//用户ysjian可以使用数据库相关资源
grant unlimited tablespace to ysjian //用户ysjian具有不受限表空间 grant create any table to public // 所有用户有创建表的权限
//用户ysjian //可以传递此权限
grant alter any table to ysjian with admin optio
//用户ysjian可以查询scott用户的emp表
grant select on scott.emp to ysjian
Object right(对象权限)
conn scott/tigger; //用户scott登录
grant select on emp to ysjian; //将对emp的查询权限给了ysjian
grant insert on emp to ysjian;
grant update on emp to ysjian;
grant delete on emp to ysjian;
grant all on emp to ysjian; //将对emp的所有权限给了ysjian
grant update(ename) on emp to ysjian; //将对emp中name字段更新 的权限授予ysjian
grant insert(id) on emp to ysjian;
revoke all on mytable from wangwu; //将ysjian对emp的所有权限撤销
//用户ysjian可以讲对scotte mp表的查询功能传递下去
grant select on emp to ysjian with grant option;
4.DICTIONARY OF DATA
Select * from user_sys_privs; //查询当前用户拥有的系统权限
Select * from user_tab_privs;// 查询当前用户拥有的对象权限
Select * from user_col_privs;//查询当前用户控制到列的权限
5.BASIC QUERY (基本查询)
conn scott/tigger; the following operations is done by scott
//1.查询scott所有的表
Select * from tab;
//2.查询emp表所有的记录
Select * from emp;
//3.查询emp表的empno,enamel,job,sal
Select empno,ename,job,sal from emp;
//4. 查询emp表的empno,enamel,job,sal,并起别名
Select empno as 编号,ename as 姓名,job as 工作,sal as 薪水 from emp;
//5.查询emp中的job,并去除重复项,用关键字distinct
Select distinct job from emp;
//6.查询enpmop,ename,job,显示效果:编号:7369,姓名:Smith
Select ‘编号:’||empno,’姓名:’||ename,’工作:’||job from emp;
//7.查询员工的编号,姓名,工作和年薪,空值判断nvl(comm,0)
Select empno,ename,job,(sal+nvl(comm,0))*12 from emp;;
//8.查询工资大于1500的雇员
Select * from emp where sal>1500;
//9.查询能得到奖金的所有雇员
Select * from emp where comm is not null and comm>0;
//10.查询工资大于1500或可以得到奖金的所有雇员
Select * from emp where sal>1500 or (comm is not null and comm>0);
//11.查询工资大于1500并且可以得到奖金的雇员
Select * from emp where sal>1500 and comm is not null and comm>0;
//12.查询工资大于1500或者不可以领取奖金的雇员
Select * from emp where sal >1500 or comm is null or comm=0;
//13.查询工资在1500到3000只见所有的雇员
Select * from emp where sal between 1500 and 3000;
//14.查询在1981年雇佣的员工
Select * from emp where hiredate lile ‘%81’;
Select * from emp where hiredate between ’01-1月-81 and ’01-1月-82’;
//15.查询员工姓名中第二个字母为’M’的雇员
Select * from emp where ename like ‘_M%’;
//16.查询工资带8字的员工
Select * from emp where sal like ‘%8%’;
//17.查询编号是7396,7399,7521,7799的雇员信息
Select * from emp where empno in(7396,7399,7521,7799);
//18. 查询编号不7396,7399,7521,7799的雇员信息
Select * from emp where empno not in 7396,7399,7521,7799);
//19.查询员工编号不为7396的雇员
Select * from emp where empno <> 7396;
//20.查询员工,并按工资的升序排列(asc,默认)
Select * from emp order by sal asc;
//21.查询员工,并按工资的降序排列(desc)
Select * from emp order by sal desc;
//union:将两表记录合并,去点重复项
Select distinct deptno from emp union select deptno from dept;
//union all:将两表记录合并,不去除重复项
Select distinct deptno from emp union all select deptno form dept;
//intersect:取两个集合的交集
Select * from deptno from emp intersect select deptno from dept;
//minus:去掉交集
Select * from deptno from emp minus select deptno from dept;
6.ADVANCED QUERY(高级查询)
//1.聚合函数 count,sum,mix,max,avg
Select count(*) from emp;
//2.内连接(inner join)(两表数据的交集):查询员工的姓名,工资和隶属的部门名称
Select ename ,sal,dname from emp,dept where emp.deptno = dept.deptno;
Select ename,sal,dname from emp inner join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
//3.左连接(left join)(左表为主,右表没有填充null)
Select ename,sal,dname from emp left join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
Select ename,sal,dname from emp,dept where emp.deptno=dept.deptno(+);
//4.右连接(right join)(右表为主,左表没有填充null)
Select ename,sal,dname from emp right join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
Select ename,sal.dname form emp,dept where emp.deptno(+)=dept.deptno;
//5.全连接(full join)(左右表所有数据均出现,对方没有的用null填充)
Select ename,sal,dname from emp full join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
//6.交叉连接(cross join)(笛卡尔乘积)
Select ename,sal,dname from emp cross join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
//7.自然连接(natural join)(笛卡尔乘积)
Select ename,sal,danme from emp natural join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
//8.子查询,查询工资最高的员工的姓名,工资以及隶属的部门名称
Select emp.ename,emp.sal,dept.dname from emp,dept where
emp.deptno=dept.deptno and emp.sal= (select max(sal) from emp);
//9分组函数(group by),查询平均工资大于2000的部门编号,having 出现在group by 后面
Select deptno from emp group by deptno having avg(sal)>2000;
//10.分组函数,查询平均工资大于2000的部门编号和部门名称
Select deptno,dename from dept where deptno in(select deptno from emp group by
deptno having avg(sal)>2000)
select current_date from dual //日期函数,dual是Oracle中一张虚拟的表
select to_date(‘2013-1-24’,’yyyy-mm-dd’) from dual;//日期转换函数:24-1月 -13
select to_char(hiredate,’yyyy-mm-dd’) from emp;//将日期转换成字符串
select to_number(‘10000’) from dual;//将字符串转换为数字
PAGE DIVIDSIOIN QUERY(分页查询,分页单位为3)
第一页:rownum(1,2,3)
Select * from emp where rownum <4;
第二页:rownum(4,5,6)
Select * from emp where rownum>3 and rownum < 7 //结果为空,没有记录
Select * from (select rownum rn,emp.* from emp where rownum<7 ) where rn>3;
第三页:rownum(7,8,9)
Select * from(select rownum rn,emp.* from emp where rownum<10) where rn >6;
第n页:
Select * from(select rownum rn,emp.* from emp where rownum<3*n+1) where
rn>(n-1)*3
JDBC IN ORACLE(Oracle与数据库的连接)
class JdbcInOracle{
//实际开发中,下面发放是封装的,结果也是单独封装的
public void jdbc (){
try{
Class.forName(“oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver”);
String url = “jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl”;
String username = “scott”;
String password = “ysjian”;
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,username,password);
String sql = “select * from emp where empno=?”;
PreparedStatement pstm = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
pstm.setObject(7396);
ResultSet rs = pstm.executeQuery();
if(rs.next()){
int deptno = rs.getInt(“deptno”);
String ename = rs.getString(“ename”);
}
}catch(ClassNotFoundException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(SQLException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}