Java四种线程池的使用

转载:http://cuisuqiang.iteye.com/blog/2019372


Java通过Executors提供四种线程池,分别为:
newCachedThreadPool创建一个可缓存线程池,如果线程池长度超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程,若无可回收,则新建线程。
newFixedThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池,可控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待。
newScheduledThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池,支持定时及周期性任务执行。
newSingleThreadExecutor 创建一个单线程化的线程池,它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。


(1) newCachedThreadPool
创建一个可缓存线程池,如果线程池长度超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程,若无可回收,则新建线程。示例代码如下:

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
   final int index = i;
   try {
    Thread.sleep(index * 1000);
   } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
   }
   cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
    public void run() {
     System.out.println(index);
    }
   });
  }
 }
}

线程池为无限大,当执行第二个任务时第一个任务已经完成,会复用执行第一个任务的线程,而不用每次新建线程。

(2) newFixedThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池,可控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待。示例代码如下:

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
   final int index = i;
   fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
    public void run() {
     try {
      System.out.println(index);
      Thread.sleep(2000);
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
     }
    }
   });
  }
 }
}

因为线程池大小为3,每个任务输出index后sleep 2秒,所以每两秒打印3个数字。
定长线程池的大小最好根据系统资源进行设置。如Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()


(3)  newScheduledThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池,支持定时及周期性任务执行。延迟执行示例代码如下:

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
  scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {
   public void run() {
    System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");
   }
  }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 }
}

表示延迟3秒执行。

定期执行示例代码如下:

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
  scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
   public void run() {
    System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");
   }
  }, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 }
}

表示延迟1秒后每3秒执行一次。


(4) newSingleThreadExecutor
创建一个单线程化的线程池,它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。示例代码如下:

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
   final int index = i;
   singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
    public void run() {
     try {
      System.out.println(index);
      Thread.sleep(2000);
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
     }
    }
   });
  }
 }
}

结果依次输出,相当于顺序执行各个任务。

你可以使用JDK自带的监控工具来监控我们创建的线程数量,运行一个不终止的线程,创建指定量的线程,来观察:
工具目录:C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_06\bin\jconsole.exe
运行程序做稍微修改:

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
  for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
   final int index = i;
   singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
    public void run() {
     try {
      while(true) {
       System.out.println(index);
       Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);
      }
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
     }
    }
   });
   try {
    Thread.sleep(500);
   } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
   }
  }
 }
}

效果如下:

a37b1415-36ac-30b8-baf6-10897bbf443a.jpg

选择我们运行的程序:

c518b086-b144-366c-884c-58a4bf985b05.jpg

监控运行状态


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