7个最常用的获取硬件设备信息的linux命令/工具
在linux系统下有很多linux命令或者linux工具可以用来查看系统硬件的信息，包括cpu，内存，有些命令可以查询多个硬件信息。本文将会介绍7个常用的查看硬件信息的linux命令，比如：lscpu命令，hwinfo命令， lshw命令，lspci命令，lsblk 命令和lsusb命令。
1. lscpu-获取cpu命令的信息
[root@devops ~]# lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 1 On-line CPU(s) list: 0 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 1 CPU socket(s): 1 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 45 Stepping: 7 CPU MHz: 2194.842 BogoMIPS: 4389.68 Hypervisor vendor: Xen Virtualization type: full L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 256K L3 cache: 15360K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0
2.Lshw -显示硬件信息的列表
这个命令很常用，可以通过不同的选项来显示不同的硬件信息，包括：CPU, 内存，磁盘，USB控制器，硬件驱动器等，该命令主要从/proc目录下的不同文件中获取综合的硬件信息。
默认情况下，linux下是不安装这个工具的，所以你需要先安装，然后才能使用，安装方法如下：
wget http://ezix.org/software/files/lshw-B.02.14.tar.gz tar -zxvf lshw-B.02.14.tar.gz cd lshw-B.02.14 make && make install
[root@devops lshw-B.02.14]# lshw -short
H/W path Device Class Description
=====================================================
system HVM domU
/0 bus Motherboard
/0/0 memory 96KiB BIOS
/0/1 processor Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2430 0 @ 2.20GHz
/0/2 memory System Memory
/0/2/0 memory 512MiB DIMM RAM
/0/2/1 memory 512MiB DIMM RAM
/0/3 memory 96KiB BIOS
/0/4 processor CPU
/0/5 memory System Memory
/0/6 memory
/0/7 memory
/0/100 bridge 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma]
/0/100/1 bridge 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]
/0/100/1.1 scsi1 storage 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]
/0/100/1.1/0.0.0 /dev/cdrom1 disk SCSI CD-ROM
/0/100/1.2 bus 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II]
/0/100/1.2/1 usb1 bus UHCI Host Controller
/0/100/1.2/1/2 input QEMU USB Tablet
/0/100/1.3 bridge 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI
/0/100/2 display GD 5446
/0/100/3 generic Xen Platform Device
/1 eth0 network Ethernet interface
/2 eth1 network Ethernet interface
[root@devops lshw-B.02.14]#
3. Hwinfo - 硬件信息
Hwinfo 命令也是一个用来查看硬件信息的工具，功能和lshw命令类似，但是能够获取到更多更详细的硬件信息。
按照下面的方法安装Hwinfo工具：
对于CentOS 6系统
#rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm #yum list hwinfo #yum install hwinfo
对于Centos5系统
#rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/5/gf/x86_64/gf-release-5-6.gf.el5.noarch.rpm #yum list hwinfo #yum install hwinfo
[root@devops tmp]# rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm Retrieving http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.m2mMAO: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 13a4d2a9: NOKEY Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:gf-release ########################################### [100%] [root@devops tmp]# yum list hwinfo Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com gf | 2.9 kB 00:00 gf/primary_db | 58 kB 00:00 Available Packages hwinfo.x86_64
[root@devops tmp]# yum list hwinfo Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com gf | 2.9 kB 00:00 gf/primary_db | 58 kB 00:00 Available Packages hwinfo.x86_64 20.2-1.gf.el6 gf [root@devops tmp]# yum install hwinfo Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package hwinfo.x86_64 0:20.2-1.gf.el6 will be installed .....
[root@devops tmp]# hwinfo -short
oops: don't know what to do with "short"
[root@devops tmp]# hwinfo --short
cpu:
Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2430 0 @ 2.20GHz, 2194 MHz
keyboard:
/dev/input/event3 AT Translated Set 2 keyboard
/dev/ttyS0 serial console
mouse:
/dev/input/mice Adomax QEMU USB Tablet
/dev/input/mice Macintosh mouse button emulation
/dev/input/mice ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse
graphics card:
Cirrus Logic GD 5446
storage:
Intel 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]
Xen Virtual Storage 0
Xen Virtual Storage 1
Xen Virtual Storage 2
network:
eth0 Xen Virtual Ethernet Card 0
eth1 Xen Virtual Ethernet Card 1
network interface:
lo Loopback network interface
eth0 Ethernet network interface
eth1 Ethernet network interface
disk:
/dev/xvda Disk
/dev/xvdb Disk
partition:
/dev/xvda1 Partition
/dev/xvdb1 Partition
cdrom:
/dev/sr0 QEMU DVD-ROM
usb controller:
Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
bios:
BIOS
bridge:
Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
hub:
Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 uhci_hcd UHCI Host Controller
memory:
Main Memory
unknown:
FPU
DMA controller
PIC
Timer
Keyboard controller
XenSource Xen Platform Device
[root@devops tmp]#
4. lspci
lscpi 命令可以列出PCI总线的相关信息，以及连接在PCI总线上的其它硬件设备的信息，比如VGA适配器，USB端口信息， SATA控制器信息等。
lspic命令是pciutils工具包的一部分，所以需要先安装pciutils工具包。
#yum install pciutils [root@devops tmp]# yum install pciutils Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package pciutils.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: pciutils-libs = 3.1.10-2.el6 for package: pciutils-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.4-11.el6 will be updated ---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================ Installing: pciutils x86_64 3.1.10-2.el6 base 85 k Updating for dependencies: pciutils-libs x86_64 3.1.10-2.el6 base 34 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package(s) Upgrade 1 Package(s) Total download size: 119 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/2): pciutils-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 85 kB 00:00 (2/2): pciutils-libs-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 34 kB 00:00 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 913 kB/s | 119 kB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Updating : pciutils-libs-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64 1/3 Installing : pciutils-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64 2/3 Cleanup : pciutils-libs-3.1.4-11.el6.x86_64 3/3 Verifying : pciutils-libs-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64 1/3 Verifying : pciutils-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64 2/3 Verifying : pciutils-libs-3.1.4-11.el6.x86_64 3/3 Installed: pciutils.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 Dependency Updated: pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 Complete!
[root@devops tmp]# lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma] (rev 02) 00:01.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II] 00:01.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II] 00:01.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II] (rev 01) 00:01.3 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 01) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Cirrus Logic GD 5446 00:03.0 Unassigned class [ff80]: XenSource, Inc. Xen Platform Device (rev 01) [root@devops tmp]#
5. lsusb- 显示USB总线的信息
lsusb 是 usbutils 工具包的一部分，所以需要先安装usbutils工具包:
#yum install usbutils [root@devops tmp]# yum install usbutils Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package usbutils.x86_64 0:003-4.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libusb-1.0.so.0()(64bit) for package: usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package libusb1.x86_64 0:1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================ Installing: usbutils x86_64 003-4.el6 base 71 k Installing for dependencies: libusb1 x86_64 1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6 base 80 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================ Install 2 Package(s) Total download size: 152 k Installed size: 377 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/2): libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 80 kB 00:00 (2/2): usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64.rpm | 71 kB 00:00 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 3.0 MB/s | 152 kB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64 1/2 Installing : usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64 2/2 Installed: usbutils.x86_64 0:003-4.el6 Dependency Installed: libusb1.x86_64 0:1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6 Complete!
[root@devops tmp]# lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0627:0001 Adomax Technology Co., Ltd [root@devops tmp]#
6. lsblk- 显示block设备的信息
[root@devops tmp]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT xvda 202:0 0 20G 0 disk └─xvda1 202:1 0 20G 0 part / xvdb 202:16 0 10G 0 disk └─xvdb1 202:17 0 10G 0 part /alidata sr0 11:0 1 362K 0 rom
7. lsscsi- List the SCSI device information
显示 scsi/sata设备信息，比如硬盘或者光磁盘信息。
[root@devops tmp]# lsscsi [1:0:0:0] cd/dvd QEMU QEMU DVD-ROM 0.10 /dev/sr0 [root@devops tmp]#