linux FTP配置
linux下配置管理FTP服务器
FTP是FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL文件传输协议的缩写，专门用于管理计算机之间的文件传送，通常称为FTP传输服务。是Internet中应用非常广泛的服务之一。
FTP是TCP/IP的一种具体应用，它工作在OSI(Open System Interconnection,OSI/RM,Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model )的第七层、TCP/IP模型的第四层，是一种面向连接的协议。其工作模式分为：主动模式和被动模式。
软件环境
1
运行环境：VirtualBox
2
主机OS：win 7
3
操作系统：RedHat Linux Enterprise 4
4
FTP版本号：vsftpd 2.0.1-5
END
安装FTP服务器并启动
1
FTP的安装：
一种是在图形界面的主菜单中选择“系统设置”――“添加和删除应用程序”菜单命令，选择“FTP服务器”软件包 组，再单击“更新”按钮就可以安装与vsftpd相关的软件包;另一种是将光盘放入光驱挂载：mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom，进入目录：cd /media/cdrom/RedHat/RPMs，查找安装包：ll *vsftpd*，安装rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.0.1-5.i386.rpm;
2
vsftpd的检测：可以使用命令来检测是否安装成功,命令如下：
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep vsftpd
出现vsftpd-2.0.1-5.EL4.3，则表示FTP服务器已安装。
3
FTP的启动、关闭、重启
进入终端，输入如下命令：
启动：service vsftpd start
关闭：service vsftpd stop
重启：service vsftpd restart
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FTP相关配置文件说明
1
Vsftp.conf文件说明：
该文件路径为：/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf，包含了FTP服务的基本配置参数。指令格式为option=value，每条指令独占一行并且指令之前不能有空格，而且在option、value和=之间不能有空格。
2
/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers文件说明：
这个文件是用来记录"不允许"登录到FTP服务器的用户,通常是一些系统默认的用户.
下面是该文件中默认的不允许登录的名单:
# Users that are not allowed to login via ftp
root //默认情况下,root和它以下的用户是不允许登录FTP服务器的.可以将不允许登录的用户添加到这里来.但切记每个用户都要单独占用一行.
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
news
uucp
operator
games
nobody
注意：修改前建议使用“cp”命令备份这三个文件，修改完成后需要重启vsftpd服务才能使设置生效。
3
/etc/vsftpd.user_list文件说明：
其实它的内容跟上面那个文件内容一样,只是在系统对文件vsftpd.conf 进行检测时,会检测到"userlist_deny=YES",因此这个文件必须存在.
END
二.FTP相关配置文件说明
其相关配置文件有/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf, /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers, /etc/vsftpd.user_list,在配置FTP服务器时,主要是修改这些文件中的相关语句.
1.vsftpd.conf文件说明
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=YES //是否允许anonymous登录FTP服务器,默认是允许的.
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES //是否允许本地用户登录FTP服务器,默认是允许
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES //是否允许用户具有在FTP服务器文件中执行写的权限,默认是允许
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022 //设置本地用户的文件生成掩码为022,默认是077
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES //是否允许匿名账户在FTP服务器中创建目录
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES //激活目录信息,当远程用户更改目录时,将出现提示信息
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES //启用上传和下载日志功能
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES //启用FTP数据端口的连接请求
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log //设置日志文件的文件名和存储路径,这是默认的
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format
xferlog_std_format=YES //是否使用标准的ftpd xferlog日志文件格式
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600 //设置空闲的用户会话中断时间,默认是10分钟
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120 //设置数据连接超时时间,默认是120秒.
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that turning on ascii_download_enable enables malicious remote parties
# to consume your I/O resources, by issuing the command "SIZE /big/file" in
# ASCII mode.
# These ASCII options are split into upload and download because you may wish
# to enable ASCII uploads (to prevent uploaded scripts etc. from breaking),
# without the DoS risk of SIZE and ASCII downloads. ASCII mangling should be
# on the client anyway..
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES //是否允许使用ASCII格式来上传和下载文件
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. //在FTP服务器中设置欢迎登录的信息.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
#chroot_list_enable=YES //如果希望用户登录后不能切换到自己目录以外的其它目录,需要设置该项,如果设置chroot_list_enable=YES,那么只允许/etc /vsftpd.chroot_list中列出的用户具有该功能.如果希望所有的本地用户都执行者chroot,可以增加一 行:chroot_local_user=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd //设置PAM认证服务的配置文件名称,该文件存放在/etc/pam.d/目录下.
userlist_enable=YES //用户列表中的用户是否允许登录FTP服务器,默认是不允许
#enable for standalone mode
listen=YES //使vsftpd 处于独立启动模式
tcp_wrappers=YES //使用tcp_wrqppers作为主机访问控制方式
三.配置FTP服务器
下面具体分两类来进行详细介绍,一类是匿名帐号服务器的各种设置方法,另一类是在FTP服务咕嘟上拥有真实帐号的FTP服务器的各种配置方法.
1.匿名帐号服务器
1)配置一个简单的匿名帐号服务器
为了防止配置过程中出现错误,一般应把原配置文件/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf复制一份到别的目录中,一旦配置后出现问题解决不了,还可以把原配置文件复制回来.
下面修改文件/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf如下:
设置允许anonymous登录FTP服务器,允许本地帐号登录,允许本地帐号有写权限.
用户列表里的用户不允许登录FTP服务器.
配置好后,需要重新启动vsftpd
匿名帐号可以是ftp或anonymous,口令一个E-Mail地址.
