Lock

Lock是多线程访问共享资源的工具,通常情况下,一次只能有一个线程获得锁,即互斥锁。不过也有一些所允许对共享资源的并发访问。

ReentrantLock获取锁定与三种方式:
    a)  lock(), 如果获取了锁立即返回,如果别的线程持有锁,当前线程则一直处于休眠状态,直到获取锁
    b) tryLock(), 如果获取了锁立即返回true,如果别的线程正持有锁,立即返回false;
    c)tryLock(long timeout,TimeUnit unit),   如果获取了锁定立即返回true,如果别的线程正持有锁,会等待参数给定的时间,在等待的过程中,如果获取了锁定,就返回true,如果等待超时,返回false;
    d) lockInterruptibly():如果获取了锁定立即返回,如果没有获取锁定,当前线程处于休眠状态,直到或者锁定,或者当前线程被别的线程中断


ReentrantLock和Synchronized区别:
1 synchronized是在JVM层面上实现的,不但可以通过一些监控工具监控synchronized的锁定,而且在代码执行时出现异常,JVM会自动释放锁定,但是使用Lock则不行,lock是通过代码实现的,要保证锁定一定会被释放,就必须将unLock()放到finally{}中

2 在资源竞争不是很激烈的情况下,Synchronized的性能要优于ReetrantLock,但是在资源竞争很激烈的情况下,Synchronized的性能会下降几十倍,但是ReetrantLock的性能能维持常态;

3 Synchronized非中断 Lock中断锁,非中断锁,定时锁

import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
class Task
{
	private final Lock lock=new ReentrantLock();
	private final Condition putCondition=lock.newCondition();
	private final Condition takeCondition=lock.newCondition();
	private LinkedList<Integer> list=new LinkedList<Integer>();
	private static int num=0;
	public Task(){}
	public void put(int a)
	{
		lock.lock();
		try
		{
			while(num==10)
			{
				this.putCondition.await();
			}
			num++;
			list.add(a);
			System.out.println("after "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" put="+a+" current size="+num);
			this.takeCondition.signal();
			
		}
		catch (InterruptedException e)
		{
		}
		finally
		{
			this.lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	public void take()
	{
		lock.lock();
		try
		{
			while(num==0)
			{
				this.takeCondition.await();
			}
			num--;
			int a=list.remove(0);
			System.out.println("after "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" get="+a+" current size="+num);
			this.putCondition.signal();
		}
		catch (InterruptedException e)
		{
		}
		finally
		{
			this.lock.unlock();
		}
	}
}
class PutThread implements Runnable
{
	private Task task;
	private final CyclicBarrier cb;
	public PutThread(Task task,CyclicBarrier cb)
	{
		this.task=task;
		this.cb=cb;
	}
	public void run()
	{		
		this.task.put(1);
		try
		{
			cb.await();
		}
		catch (Exception e)
		{
		}	
	}
}
class TakeThread implements Runnable
{
	private Task task;
	private final CyclicBarrier cb;
	public TakeThread(Task task,CyclicBarrier cb)
	{
		this.task=task;
		this.cb=cb;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		this.task.take();
		try
		{
			cb.await();
		}
		catch (Exception e)
		{
		}
	}
}
public class TestLock
{
	public static void main(String [] args)
	{
		long start=(new Date()).getTime();
		Task t=new Task();
		final long begin=(new Date()).getTime();
		CyclicBarrier cb =new CyclicBarrier(4000,new Runnable(){
			public void run()
			{
				long end=(new Date()).getTime();
				System.out.println(end-begin);
			}
		});
		for(int i=0;i<2000;i++)
		{
		  new Thread(new PutThread(t,cb)).start();
		}

		for(int j=0;j<2000;j++)
		{
			new Thread(new TakeThread(t,cb)).start();
		}		
	}
}

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