linux下数据库双向同步之mysql

环境：lamp 下搭建一个博客   然后实现同步

这里：以wordpress为例，进行实施

具体操作如下：

一、环境配置

1.自动获取ip地址，虚拟机设置为桥接

2.[root@gjpslave ~]# yum install wget

#换成163的yum源：

cd /etc/yum.repos.d

mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.save

wget mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo

#wget mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo

sed -i 's/enabled=1/enabled=0/g' /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/fastestmirror.conf

cat /dev/null > /var/cache/yum/timedhosts.txt

yum clean all

yum makecache

3.yum -y install gcc* gcc-c++ rpm-build mysql* httpd* php* ppp openldap-devel lrzsz pam-devel wget net-snmp* ntp openssl* libgssapi* iptraf libtool-ltdl* libtool crontabs libpcap* flex byacc libpcap ncurses ncurses-devel automake autoconf libtool make traceroute wget scp openssh* setuptool mlocate pam.i686 openssl.i686 libgcrypt.i686 openssl098e.i686 glibc.i686 fping nload iftop iperf chkconfig unrar --skip-broken 

yum -y update

4.系统安全

到dnspod.cn上为新的服务器指定域名

hostname xx 命名主机名

#### security ###

arp -a|grep $(/sbin/route -n|awk '$1=="0.0.0.0"{print $2}')|awk '{print $2 " " $4}'|sed 's#(##g'|sed 's#)##g' > /etc/ethers && arp -f

echo "SELINUX=disabled" > /etc/sysconfig/selinux

echo "SELINUXTYPE=targeted" >> /etc/sysconfig/selinux

setenforce 0

echo "HISTSIZE=5" >> /root/.bash_profile

chkconfig --level 2345 hplip off

chkconfig --level 2345 rpcidmapd off

chkconfig --level 2345 cups off

chkconfig --level 2345 portmap off

chkconfig --level 2345 yum-updatesd off

chkconfig --level 2345 iptables off

chkconfig --level 2345 sendmail off

killall cupsd portmap rpc.statd

service iptables stop

service yum-updatesd stop

service sendmail stop

echo "Port 2121" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config

echo "ClientAliveInterval 9999" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config

service sshd restart

 

二、博客搭建 wordpress

wget    http://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-3.9-zh_CN.tar.gz

tar zxvf  http://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-3.9-zh_CN.tar.gz

[root@gjpmaster tmp]# ls

hsperfdata_root  wordpress  wordpress-3.9-zh_CN.tar.gz  yum.log  yum_save_tx-2013-08

[root@gjpmaster tmp]# cp -a wordpress/*  /var/www/html/

[root@gjpmaster ~]# useradd -d /var/www/html/  -s /sbin/nologin  gjpmaster

useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.

Not copying any file from skel directory into it.

[root@gjpmaster ~]# passwd  gjpmaster

Changing password for user gjpmaster.

New password:   123456

BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematic

BAD PASSWORD: is too simple 

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

mysql> create  database gjpmaster;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> grant all on gjpmaster.* to gjpmaster@localhost identified by "gjpmaster321";

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

[root@gjpmaster ~]# mysql -u gjpmaster -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 4

Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> quit

Bye

[root@gjpmaster html]# cp -a wp-config-sample.php   wp-config.php

[root@gjpmaster html]# vi  wp-config.php

[root@gjpmaster html]# chmod  777 -R  wp-content/

[root@gjpmaster html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

<Directory /var/www/html>

     Options -Indexes

    RewriteEngine on

    RewriteBase /

    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f

    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d

    RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]

</Directory>

[root@gjpmaster html]# service httpd restart

Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]

Starting httpd: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for gjpmaster

httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName

                                                           [  OK  ]

 

前台无法进入：

[root@gjpmaster html]# vim wp-includes/template-loader.php

 

三、ftp用来给博客上传下载东西

#安装  
yum -y install vsftpd    
#修改配置文件    
vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

#system

local_umask=022

pasv_enable=YES

connect_from_port_20=YES

local_enable=YES

write_enable=YES

use_localtime=YES

listen=YES

listen_port=21

#security

guest_enable=NO

pam_service_name=vsftpd

tcp_wrappers=YES

userlist_enable=YES

userlist_deny=NO

userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list

chroot_local_user=YES

#chroot_list_enable=YES

#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

#log

xferlog_enable=YES

xferlog_std_format=YES

xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log

#anonymous

anonymous_enable=NO

#max_per_ip=13

#max_clients=50

#anon_world_readable_only=YES

#anon_other_write_enable=NO

#anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO

#anon_upload_enable=NO

no_anon_password=YES

#anon_max_rate=200000

#启动ftp

service vsftpd restart

#允许匿名登陆

修改配置文件 要有以下两条

no_anon_password=YES

anonymous_enable=YES

增加anonymous至/etc/vsftpd/user_list

#增加用户

两种情况 一种是有指定的目录分给指定的用户 如 将/var/ftp分给用户 wow 二是直接建立用户 目录就是/home/用户名

1.以将/var/ftp分配给wow为例

useradd -s /sbin/nologin -d /var/ftp wow      // /sbin/nologin 是安全配置 意思是这个用户无法使用ssh登陆仅能使用ftp登陆 -d后面跟的是指定给此用户的目录

passwd wow //修改wow的用户名

echo wow >> /etc/vsftpd/user_list  这里一定要用>> 否则会清空里面的原来存放的用户名 只有这个列表user_list内的用户名可以登陆ftp上传文件 所以每添加一个用户名都要写入此文件

2.建立一个test用户 可以自己上传或下载文件

usreadd -s /sbin/nologin test

passwd test

echo test >> /etc/vsftpd/user_list

3.如果服务器上有多个ftp 在使用ftp协议下载时只能有一个采用匿名的方式  其它的都要带账号密码 比如说 ftp://123:[email protected]/hehe.zip 还有另外一种方式就是给用户配置一个单独的域名用于下载 这时需要修改 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 增加如下 并重启http服务就好了

<VirtualHost *:80>

    Options -Indexes

    DocumentRoot "/old/home/bf2comcn"   //ftp的目录

    ServerName ftp.bf2.com.cn   绑定的域名

    ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/bf2comcn_err.log

    CustomLog /var/log/httpd/bf2comcn.log combined

</VirtualHost>

上面是例子，操作如下：

从设备：

[root@gjpslave html]# yum  install vsftpd  -y

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# ls

ftpusers  user_list  vsftpd.conf  vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# mv vsftpd.conf  vsftpd.conf.bak

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# vim vsftpd.conf

-bash: vim: command not found

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# vi vsftpd.conf

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart

Shutting down vsftpd:                                      [  OK  ]

Starting vsftpd for vsftpd:                                [  OK  ]

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# vi vsftpd.conf

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/user_list

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin  -d /var/www/html/ gjpslave

useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.

Not copying any file from skel directory into it.

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# passwd gjpslave

Changing password for user gjpslave.

New password: 123456

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# echo gjpslave >>/etc/vsftpd/user_list

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# chmod 755 -R  /var/www/html/

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# chown gjpslave:gjpslave  -R /var/www/html

后面将gjpslave还是改为gjpmaster了

 

四、数据库同步（单向）

从主站导入数据库

[root@gjpmaster www]# /usr/bin/mysqldump -u root -p gjpmaster>/tmp/20140528.sql;

从站从主站下载：

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# scp -rP 22 10.0.7.112:/tmp/20140528.sql  /tmp/20140528.sql

[email protected]'s password:

20140528.sql                                                                           100%  408KB 407.6KB/s   00:00 

mysql> create database gjpmaster;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> use gjpmaster;

Database changed

mysql> source /tmp/20140528.sql;

Query OK, 18 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Records: 18  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

同步好的数据

grant all on gjpmaster.* to gjpslave@localhost identified by "gjpmaster321";

由于上面账号设置成gjpslave 出错了，改为gjpmaster 和主站的一样，ok

 

开始同步数据库:

grant replication slave on *.* to "gjpmaster"@"10.0.7.113" identified by "gjpmaster321";

[root@gjpmaster tmp]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

server-id=1

log-bin=mysql-bin

binlog-do-db=gjpmaster

binlog-ignore-db=mysql

[root@gjpmaster tmp]# service mysqld restart

Stopping mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]

Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]

[root@gjpmaster tmp]# mysql -u root -p

mysql> show variables like 'server_id';

+---------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-------+

| server_id     | 1     |

+---------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| mysql-bin.000001 |      106 | gjpmaster    | mysql            |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

四、配置MySQL从服务器（192.168.21.129）的my.cnf文件

vi /etc/my.cnf   #编辑配置文件，在[mysqld]部分添加下面内容

server-id=2   #设置服务器id，修改其值为2，表示为从数据库

log-bin=mysql-bin  #启动MySQ二进制日志系统，注意：如果原来的配置文件中已经有这一行，就不用再添加了。

replicate-do-db=osyunweidb   #需要同步的数据库名，如果有多个数据库，可重复此参数，每个数据库一行

replicate-ignore-db=mysql   #不同步mysql系统数据库

read_only  #设置数据库只读

:wq!    #保存退出

service mysqld restart   #重启MySQL

mysql  -u root -p  #进入MySQL控制台

show variables like 'server_id';  #查看server-id的值，必须为上面设置的2，否则请返回修改配置文件

mysql> show variables like 'server_id';

+---------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-------+

| server_id     | 2     |

+---------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> slave stop;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> change master to  master_host='10.0.7.112',master_user='gjpmaster', master_password='gjpmaster321',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=106;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

change master to  master_host='10.0.7.112',master_user='gjpmaster', master_password='gjpmaster321',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',master_log_pos=316;

mysql> slave start;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> SHOW SLAVE  STATUS\G

mysql> SHOW SLAVE  STATUS\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

                  Master_Host: 10.0.7.112

                  Master_User: gjpmaster

                  Master_Port: 3306

                Connect_Retry: 60

              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 106

               Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002

                Relay_Log_Pos: 251

        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

             Slave_IO_Running: Yes

            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

              Replicate_Do_DB: gjpmaster

          Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql

           Replicate_Do_Table:

       Replicate_Ignore_Table:

      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

                   Last_Errno: 0

                   Last_Error:

                 Skip_Counter: 0

          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 106

              Relay_Log_Space: 407

              Until_Condition: None

               Until_Log_File:

                Until_Log_Pos: 0

           Master_SSL_Allowed: No

           Master_SSL_CA_File:

           Master_SSL_CA_Path:

              Master_SSL_Cert:

            Master_SSL_Cipher:

               Master_SSL_Key:

        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

                Last_IO_Errno: 0

                Last_IO_Error:

               Last_SQL_Errno: 0

               Last_SQL_Error:

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

测试：

主设备创建个表test

mysql> CREATE TABLE test ( id int not null primary key,name char(20) );

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

CREATE TABLE lzw( id int not null primary key,name char(18) );

从设备 

发表文章也是如此

 

wordpress迁移到其他服务器上 IP变动时候要修改以下信息.数据库里修改.

wp_options表:  
siteurl 要改成新的IPurl    
wp_posts表:

update wp_posts set post_content=replace(post_content,'192.168.100.151','10.0.0.23')  
update wp_posts set guid=replace(guid,'192.168.100.151','10.0.0.23')

 

这里具体操作如下：

update wp_posts set post_content=replace(post_content,'10.0.7.112','10.0.7.113')  
update wp_posts set guid=replace(guid,'10.0.7.112','10.0.7.113')

第一个域名是老域名  第二个是新的

UPDATE wp_options SET option_value=replace(option_value,'http://10.0.7.113', 'http://10.0.7.112') WHERE option_name='home' OR option_name='siteurl';

 

在这里，可安装phpmyadmin 对数据库进行管理

 

五、数据库的双向同步：

双向参考： http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-10/71593.htm

主站：

useradd  backup   passwd backup  123

mysql> grant file on *.* to backup@'10.0.7.113' identified by '123';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

   mysql>flush privileges；

在slave上测试账户backup是否可以访问mster上的mysql：

      #mysql -u backup -p -h 10.0.7.112（输入密码123，可以访问说明设置正确）

slave上也要建立账号 设密码

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to "backup"@"10.0.7.113" identified by "123";

[root@gjpmaster ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

server-id=1

log-bin=mysql-bin

binlog-do-db=gjpmaster

binlog-ignore-db=mysql

max-binlog-size=104857600

master-host=10.0.7.113

master-user=backup

master-password=123

master-port=3306

replicate-do-db=gjpmaster

datadir=/var/lib/mysql

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

user=mysql

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

[root@gjpmaster tmp]# service mysqld restart

mysql> slave stop;

mysql> change master to  master_host='10.0.7.113',master_user='gjpmaster', master_password='gjpmaster321',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',master_log_pos=478;

change master to  master_host='10.0.0.139',master_user='gjpmaster', master_password='gjpmaster321',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',master_log_pos=11395;

mysql> slave start;

mysql> show slave status\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

                  Master_Host: 10.0.7.113

                  Master_User: gjpmaster

                  Master_Port: 3306

                Connect_Retry: 60

              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002

          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 478

               Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002

                Relay_Log_Pos: 251

        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

从站：

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to "gjpmaster"@"10.0.7.112" identified by "gjpmaster321";

[root@gjpslave html]# cat /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

server-id=2

log-bin=mysql-bin

binlog-do-db=gjpmaster

master-host=10.0.7.112

master-user=backup

master-password=123

master-port=3306

replicate-do-db=gjpmaster

#master-connect-retry=60

datadir=/var/lib/mysql

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

user=mysql

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

service mysqld restart

mysql> slave stop;

mysql>  change master to  master_host='10.0.7.112',master_user='gjpmaster', master_password='gjpmaster321',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',master_log_pos=316;

change master to  master_host='10.0.0.139',master_user='gjpmaster', master_password='gjpmaster321',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=106;

mysql> slave start;

mysql> SHOW SLAVE  STATUS\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

                  Master_Host: 10.0.7.112

                  Master_User: gjpmaster

                  Master_Port: 3306

                Connect_Retry: 60

              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002

          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 628

               Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002

                Relay_Log_Pos: 563

        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002

             Slave_IO_Running: Yes

            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

              Replicate_Do_DB: gjpmaster

use gjpmaster;

update wp_posts set post_content=replace(post_content,'10.0.7.112','10.0.7.113');  
update wp_posts set guid=replace(guid,'10.0.7.112','10.0.7.113');

第一个域名是老域名  第二个是新的

UPDATE wp_options SET option_value=replace(option_value,'http://10.0.7.112', 'http://10.0.7.113') WHERE option_name='home' OR option_name='siteurl';

 

最后同步成功