一、概述
1、架构
2、唠叨概念
Replica Set
中文翻译:副本集
简单的说集群中包含了多份数据,保证主节点挂掉了,备用节点继续提供数据服务,提供的前提就是数据需要主节点一致
仲裁节点是一种特殊的节点,它本身不存储数据,主要的作用是决定哪一个备用节点在主节点挂掉之后提升为主节点,所以客户端不需要连接此节点。
这里虽然只有备节点,但是仍然需要一个仲裁节点来提升节点级别。我开始也不相信必须要有仲裁节点,但是自已也试过如果没有仲裁节点的话
主节点挂掉后,备节点还是备节点,所以咱们还需要它的。
主节点和备用节点
主备节点存储数据,仲裁节点不存储数据
默认情况:主节点提供增删查改功能,备节点不提供任何服务。但是可以设置备节点提供查询功能,这样就可以减少主节点的压力,当客户端进行数据查询时
请求自动转到备用节点上,这个设置叫做Read Preference Modes,同时Java客户端提供了简单的配置方式,可以不必直接对数据库操作。
二、地址和服务规划
192.168.0.178 master mongos:20000 config:21000 shard1:22001 shard2:22002 shard3:22003
192.168.0.180 slave1 mongos:20000 config:21000 shard1:22001 shard2:22002 shard3:22003
192.168.0.181 slave2 mongos:20000 config:21000 shard1:22001 shard2:22002 shard3:22003
三、版本介绍
操作系统版本:CentOS 6.4 64bit
mongodb版本:2.6.1 二进制通用包
四、准备工作
1、关闭iptables和selinux防火墙
2、主机名互为解析(可参考,非必须)
3、服务器之间时间同步(重点)
4、创建数据和日志存储目录
mkdir -p /data/mongodb cd /data/mongodb mkdir mongos mkdir mongos/log mkdir config mkdir config/{data,log} mkdir shard1 mkdir shard1/{data,log} mkdir shard2 mkdir shard2/{data,log} mkdir shard3 mkdir shard3/{data,log} cd ~
五、mongodb安装配置
1、下载mongodb安装包
官网下载地址:http://www.mongodb.org/
2、下载解压mongodb二进制通用包,解压后就能使用
tar xf mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.6.1.tgz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/
ln -sv mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.6.1 mongodb
3、配置mongodb环境变量
cat > /etc/profile.d/mongodb.sh << EOF
export MONGODB_HOME=/usr/local/mongodb
export PATH=\$PATH:\$MONGODB_HOME/bin
EOF
source /etc/profile.d/mongodb.sh
六、启动服务
1、分别在master、slave1和slave2服务器上启动配置服务器
mongod --configsvr --dbpath /data/mongodb/config/data --port 21000 --logpath /data/mongodb/config/log/config.log --fork
2、分别在master、slave1和slave2服务器上启动mongos服务器
mongos --configdb 192.168.0.178:21000,192.168.0.180:21000,192.168.0.181:21000 --port 20000 --logpath /data/mongodb/mongos/log/mongos.log --fork
3、分别在master、slave1和slave2服务器上配置分片副本集
mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard1 --port 22001 --dbpath /data/mongodb/shard1/data --logpath /data/mongodb/shard1/log/shard1.log --fork --nojournal --oplogSize 10
mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard2 --port 22002 --dbpath /data/mongodb/shard2/data --logpath /data/mongodb/shard1/log/shard2.log --fork --nojournal --oplogSize 10
mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard3 --port 22003 --dbpath /data/mongodb/shard3/data --logpath /data/mongodb/shard1/log/shard3.log --fork --nojournal --oplogSize 10
4、登陆任意一台mongodb服务器,比如
###设置第一个分片副本集,必须使用admin数据库
mongo 192.168.0.178:22001/admin
#定义副本集
> config = { _id:"shard1", members:[
{_id:0,host:"192.168.0.178:22001",priority:1},
{_id:1,host:"192.168.0.180:22001",priority:2},
{_id:2,host:"192.168.0.181:22001",arbiterOnly:true}
]
}
#初始化副本集
> rs.initiate(config);
###设置第二个分片副本集,必须使用admin数据库
mongo 192.168.0.180:22002/admin
#定义副本集
> config = { _id:"shard2", members:[
{_id:0,host:"192.168.0.178:22002",arbiterOnly:true},
{_id:1,host:"192.168.0.180:22002",priority:1},
{_id:2,host:"192.168.0.181:22002",priority:2}
]
}
#初始化副本集
> rs.initiate(config);
###设置第三个分片副本集,必须使用admin数据库
mongo 192.168.0.181:22003/admin
#定义副本集
> config = { _id:"shard3", members:[
{_id:0,host:"192.168.0.178:22003",priority:2},
{_id:1,host:"192.168.0.180:22003",arbiterOnly:true},
{_id:2,host:"192.168.0.181:22003",priority:1}
]
}
#初始化副本集
> rs.initiate(config);
5、目前搭建了mongodb配置服务器、路由服务器,各个分片服务器,不过应用程序连接到 mongos 路由服务器并不能使用分片机制,还需要在程序里设置分片配置,让分片生效。
mongo 192.168.0.178:20000/admin
#串联路由服务器与分配副本集1
db.runCommand( { addshard : "shard1/192.168.0.178:22001,192.168.0.180:22001,192.168.0.181:22001"});
#串联路由服务器与分配副本集2
db.runCommand( { addshard : "shard2/192.168.0.178:22002,192.168.0.180:22002,192.168.0.181:22002"});
#串联路由服务器与分配副本集3
db.runCommand( { addshard : "shard3/192.168.0.178:22003,192.168.0.180:22003,192.168.0.181:22003"});
6、查看分片服务器配置
db.runCommand({listshards : 1 });
命令输出结果
mongos> db.runCommand({listshards : 1 });
{
"shards" : [
{
"_id" : "shard1",
"host" : "shard1/192.168.0.178:22001,192.168.0.180:22001"
},
{
"_id" : "shard2",
"host" : "shard2/192.168.0.178:22002,192.168.0.180:22002"
},
{
"_id" : "shard3",
"host" : "shard3/192.168.0.178:22003,192.168.0.180:22003"
}
],
"ok" : 1
}
因为192.168.0.181是每个分片副本集的仲裁节点,所以在上面结果没有列出来。
7、目前配置服务、路由服务、分片服务、副本集服务都已经串联起来了,但我们的目的是希望插入数据,数据能够自动分片,就差那么一点点,一点点。。。
连接在mongos上,准备让指定的数据库、指定的集合分片生效。
#指定uba分片生效
db.runCommand( { enablesharding :"uba"});
#指定数据库里需要分片的集合和片键
db.runCommand( { shardcollection : "uba.table1",key : {id: 1} } )
我们设置uba的 table1 表需要分片,根据 id 自动分片到 shard1 ,shard2,shard3 上面去。要这样设置是因为不是所有mongodb 的数据库和表 都需要分片!
8、登陆mongos添加用户
[root@master ~]# mongo 192.168.0.178:20000/admin MongoDB shell version: 2.6.1 connecting to: 192.168.0.178:20000/admin mongos> db admin mongos> db.addUser('admin','allentuns') WARNING: The 'addUser' shell helper is DEPRECATED. Please use 'createUser' instead Successfully added user: { "user" : "admin", "roles" : [ "root" ] } mongos> db.addUser('admin_read','allentuns_read',true) #添加超级管理员可读用户 WARNING: The 'addUser' shell helper is DEPRECATED. Please use 'createUser' instead Successfully added user: { "user" : "admin_read", "roles" : [ "read" ] } mongos> use uba switched to db uba mongos> db.addUser('sa','123root') WARNING: The 'addUser' shell helper is DEPRECATED. Please use 'createUser' instead Successfully added user: { "user" : "sa", "roles" : [ "dbOwner" ] } mongos> db.addUser('sa_read','123root_read',true) #添加uba管理员可读用户 WARNING: The 'addUser' shell helper is DEPRECATED. Please use 'createUser' instead Successfully added user: { "user" : "sa_read", "roles" : [ "read" ] }
9、关闭三台服务器的mongod和mongos服务
killall mongos && killall mongod
10、成keyfile:(每个进程的key file都保持一致)
[root@master ~]# openssl rand -base64 753 >keyfile [root@master ~]# chmod 600 keyfile #重点 必须 [root@master ~]# cat keyfile 4a7w479ouV6fY5CASqxeWzzPhPLzZgYnHKWOFSIxjMABjaWK7up6Keb2+ZKz1C2R tfl7ukCBelW2xOL0h3gOSAdIhUi0j8IMBYZV/kbUSSf0987xIur3lHZqUINPVVyl ib+XPrg3SO4IG25tCQbEf/twvS1CxiDmi/GtQZfqOjUX7MEJK3ynFBsB/9wU1nf1 6rLhBPIdmSnpNf5s9yGohx2wn6dQcJ8o0wn75oOBysX2mPkLI0tEu4//7x1PgY9Q Ws4XdXs1MFqUYXkh8K6RFd/TKB2zs5fonzqiXrgwpaW1KUFZB1lAfQwWePmxsWul HqR96/yTGPxQKOVpm1Zdj2LGa616X3Www16Td4c2UVoM7mPi+Js8R2Flc6oV9H+t eEDLMIVRDAAuQBNZl1reye0iaL8F0SgoELPiEm4A2La+ovNrK6K+shV+jmvrOEIC 6KJly68ZX6x+Xd5qxfoREYKsrwMJJYY1tWesUE+26QUs4TJB17uQzc1wJaRQK0pz 4B3E4DFzJT72ybaGFpbP4v9gMfoXXc6pPWEJ1LMvhvv4vNl5vDSpbS3YNUQjaTcU juM2FlcUeKe3VFdqHkvdrhORv52gcrqnXco7UojOYmOHRpefXmL49XLlqw9FOJ2u giGKSs06OaK7kyiVayUT4fUR+OXVOAAbPRgaNbDcI9P5knWkYwNdAwP+jH9h73nI ZqdZ7SvDW0/iT6zbPfeQubSYJw//NG5gfN5Rsd5oEpXXz8bFnuJSC1ltzJenTYYN 0vsS/8EpUKhbLYjo5c93SBjopODBfA5pqQ9hRoL36l9SfWnUVgYaqpJgvKUmwb9P 1Bz1YCLRo1cU9skz+chhRnZWp2c2ElMfdMD/XpcAbgY1KToEJFAkTiNRHvgPYjiw eGgEBSXlMBlKDkNqmLZ6i/C5fCWsqDEDrMPtBM4Pp9SOPjbkwpwYHxBCUPM7oyQT fCisA72oOBB5L4vO55soTzX+jBBrOTBaJhdsEUMC0rEq #将生成的keyfile 拷贝到mongod/mongos/config 进程对应的文件夹 [root@master ~]# cp keyfile /data/mongodb/config/data/ [root@master ~]# cp keyfile /data/mongodb/mongos/ [root@master ~]# cp keyfile /data/mongodb/shard1/data/ [root@master ~]# cp keyfile /data/mongodb/shard2/data/ [root@master ~]# cp keyfile /data/mongodb/shard3/data/ 然后通过scp的方式把这个文件分别拷贝到slave1和slave2机器的对应目录中 验证slave1服务器的keyfile文件 [root@slave1 ~]# find /data/mongodb -name keyfile /data/mongodb/shard2/data/keyfile /data/mongodb/shard1/data/keyfile /data/mongodb/shard3/data/keyfile /data/mongodb/config/data/keyfile /data/mongodb/mongos/keyfile 验证slave2服务器的keyfile文件 [root@slave2 ~]# find /data/mongodb -name keyfile /data/mongodb/shard2/data/keyfile /data/mongodb/shard1/data/keyfile /data/mongodb/shard3/data/keyfile /data/mongodb/config/data/keyfile /data/mongodb/mongos/keyfile
使用--keyFile参数指定前面生成的keyfile文件,重启三台机器全部mongod,mongos进程
1、分别在master、slave1和slave2服务器上启动配置服务器
mongod --configsvr --dbpath /data/mongodb/config/data --port 21000 --logpath /data/mongodb/config/log/config.log --fork --keyFile /data/mongodb/config/data/keyfile
#注意在这个过程中,会报错,只需要再次执行chmod 600 /data/mongodb/config/data/keyfile 就可以
2、分别在master、slave1和slave2服务器上启动mongos服务器
mongos --configdb 192.168.0.178:21000,192.168.0.180:21000,192.168.0.181:21000 --port 20000 --keyFile /data/mongodb/mongos/keyfile --logpath /data/mongodb/mongos/log/mongos.log --fork
#执行chmod 600 /data/mongodb/mongos/keyfile
3、分别在master、slave1和slave2服务器上配置分片副本集
mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard1 --port 22001 --keyFile /data/mongodb/shard1/data/keyfile --dbpath /data/mongodb/shard1/data --logpath /data/mongodb/shard1/log/shard1.log --fork --nojournal --oplogSize 10
mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard2 --port 22002 --keyFile /data/mongodb/shard2/data/keyfile --dbpath /data/mongodb/shard2/data --logpath /data/mongodb/shard1/log/shard2.log --fork --nojournal --oplogSize 10
mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard3 --port 22003 --keyFile /data/mongodb/shard3/data/keyfile --dbpath /data/mongodb/shard3/data --logpath /data/mongodb/shard1/log/shard3.log --fork --nojournal --oplogSize 10
#执行以下
chmod 600 /data/mongodb/shard1/data/keyfile
chmod 600 /data/mongodb/shard2/data/keyfile
chmod 600 /data/mongodb/shard3/data/keyfile
验证认证
需要认证,没有认证没有任何权限
[root@master ~]# mongo localhost:20000 MongoDB shell version: 2.6.1 connecting to: localhost:20000/test Error while trying to show server startup warnings: not authorized on admin to execute command { getLog: "startupWarnings" } mongos> show collections; 2014-08-03T12:02:48.535+0800 error: { "$err" : "not authorized for query on test.system.namespaces", "code" : 13 } at src/mongo/shell/query.js:131 mongos> use uba switched to db uba mongos> db uba mongos> show collections; 2014-08-03T12:03:10.923+0800 error: { "$err" : "not authorized for query on uba.system.namespaces", "code" : 13 } at src/mongo/shell/query.js:131
账户认证后状态
#admin库认证 [root@master ~]# mongo localhost:20000/admin -u admin -p allentuns MongoDB shell version: 2.6.1 connecting to: localhost:20000/admin mongos> show collections; system.indexes system.users system.version #uba库认证 读写权限用户 [root@master ~]# mongo localhost:20000/uba -u sa -p 123root MongoDB shell version: 2.6.1 connecting to: localhost:20000/uba Error while trying to show server startup warnings: not authorized on admin to execute command { getLog: "startupWarnings" } mongos> show collections; system.indexes table1 mongos> db.table1.count() 0 mongos> for (var i = 1; i <= 1000; i++)db.table1.save({id:i,name:"username"+i,age:i}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) mongos> db.table1.count() 1000 mongos> db.table1.findOne() { "_id" : ObjectId("53ddb52a65bb900f61e458a1"), "id" : 1, "name" : "username1", "age" : 1 } mongos> db.auth('sa','123root') 1 #uba库 只读权限用户 [root@master ~]# mongo localhost:20000/uba -u sa_read -p 123root_read MongoDB shell version: 2.6.1 connecting to: localhost:20000/uba Error while trying to show server startup warnings: not authorized on admin to execute command { getLog: "startupWarnings" } mongos> db.auth('sa_read','123root_read') 1 mongos> db uba mongos> for (var i = 1; i <= 1000; i++)db.table1.save({id:i,name:"username"+i,age:i}); WriteResult({ "writeError" : { "code" : 13, "errmsg" : "not authorized on uba to execute command { insert: \"table1\", documents: [ { id: 1000.0, name: \"username1000\", age: 1000.0, _id: ObjectId('53ddb5d62390d9a487087c87') } ], ordered: true }" } }) mongos> db.table1.findOne() { "_id" : ObjectId("53ddb52a65bb900f61e458a1"), "id" : 1, "name" : "username1", "age" : 1 } mongos> db.table1.count() 1000
验证主从切换,现在在192.168.0.180 slave1集群上停掉22001端口的服务,看master是否能接替slave1主的工作
[root@slave1 ~]# netstat -tnlp |grep mongo tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22001 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1955/mongod tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22002 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2019/mongod tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22003 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2081/mongod tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:20000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1870/mongos tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:21000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1847/mongod [root@slave1 ~]# kill 1955 [root@slave1 ~]# netstat -tnlp |grep mongo tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22002 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2019/mongod tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22003 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2081/mongod tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:20000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1870/mongos tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:21000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1847/mongod [root@slave1 ~]# mongo 192.168.0.178:22001/admin MongoDB shell version: 2.6.1 connecting to: 192.168.0.178:22001/admin Welcome to the MongoDB shell. For interactive help, type "help". For more comprehensive documentation, see http://docs.mongodb.org/ Questions? Try the support group http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user Error while trying to show server startup warnings: not authorized on admin to execute command { getLog: "startupWarnings" } shard1:PRIMARY> ^C bye [root@slave1 ~]# mongo 192.168.0.178:22002/admin MongoDB shell version: 2.6.1 connecting to: 192.168.0.178:22002/admin Error while trying to show server startup warnings: not authorized on admin to execute command { getLog: "startupWarnings" } shard2:ARBITER> ^C bye [root@slave1 ~]# mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard1 --port 22001 --keyFile /data/mongodb/shard1/data/keyfile --dbpath /data/mongodb/shard1/data --logpath /data/mongodb/shard1/log/shard1.log --fork --nojournal --oplogSize 10 about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 2641 child process started successfully, parent exiting [root@slave1 ~]# mongo 192.168.0.180:22001/admin MongoDB shell version: 2.6.1 connecting to: 192.168.0.180:22001/admin Error while trying to show server startup warnings: not authorized on admin to execute command { getLog: "startupWarnings" } shard1:SECONDARY>