LVM管理

1.LVM是什么

         LVM是一个Linux操作系统的逻辑卷管理器,现在有两个版本的LVMLVM2是目前最新的版本,LVM 2是几乎完全向后兼容卷LVM

PS:LVM升级到LVM2需要删除快照。

2.使用LVM的优点

2.1逻辑卷管理提供了一个高级的较为磁盘管理,我们能够更灵活地分配存储空间(动态扩容,数据迁移,自定义卷组名,而不是以传统物理磁盘命名sd[a-z])

          2.2某分区空间紧缺,比如/home目录空间紧缺,使用传统的分区,解决此问题需要花费很大精力;但是使用LVM可以很快解决问题(在线扩容)

3.缺点

          因为使用LVM(分区,pv,vg,lv,格式化挂载)比传统文件系统管理多出了3个节点,性能必有所损失。

3.LVM的主要组成元素

          PE(physicalextent), physical volume(PV), volume group(VG), logical extent(LE), logicalvolume (LV).

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1. lvm创建

1.1. 分区

1.2. 调整分区类型

1.3. 创建

1.4. 格式化挂载

2. LVM相关信息查看(逻辑,卷组,物理卷)

2.1. 逻辑卷查看

2.2. 卷组查看

2.3.  物理卷查看

3. LVM扩容

3.1. 磁盘分区

3.2. 创建物理卷

3.3. 扩展卷组

3.4. lvm扩容

3.5. 重新刷新大小

4. LVM缩减

4.1. 卸载文件系统

4.2. df   -h查看文件系统已经成功卸载

4.3. 对文件系统进行强制检测

4.4. 缩减文件系统到10G

4.5. 缩减LVM到10G

4.6. 重新挂载文件系统

4.7. 查看开机是否自动挂载

5. 移除LVM

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1.lvm创建

---

 

1.1分区

[root@www ~]#   fdisk /dev/sdc

Welcome to fdisk   (util-linux 2.23.2).

 

Changes will   remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before   using the write command.

 

 

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

   p     primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

   e     extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default   1): 1

First sector   (2048-41943039, default 2048):

Using default   value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or   +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +5G

Partition 1 of   type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set

 

Command (m for help): N

Partition type:

   p     primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)

   e     extended

Select (default p): p

Using default   response p

Partition number   (2-4, default 2):

First sector   (10487808-41943039, default 10487808):

Using default   value 10487808

Last sector, +sectors or   +size{K,M,G} (10487808-41943039, default 41943039): +5G

Partition 2 of   type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set

 

Command (m for   help): N

Partition type:

   p     primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)

   e     extended

Select (default p): P

Partition number   (3,4, default 3):

First sector   (20973568-41943039, default 20973568):

Using default   value 20973568

Last sector, +sectors or   +size{K,M,G} (20973568-41943039, default 41943039): +2G

Partition 3 of   type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set

 

Command (m for help): N

Partition type:

   p     primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)

   e     extended

Select (default e): E

Selected   partition 4

First sector   (25167872-41943039, default 25167872):

Using default   value 25167872

Last sector, +sectors or   +size{K,M,G} (25167872-41943039, default 41943039): +3G

Partition 4 of   type Extended and of size 3 GiB is set

 

Command (m for   help): N

All primary   partitions are in use

Adding logical   partition 5

First sector   (25169920-31459327, default 25169920):

Using default   value 25169920

Last sector, +sectors or   +size{K,M,G} (25169920-31459327, default 31459327):

Using default   value 31459327

Partition 5 of   type Linux and of size 3 GiB is set

 

Command (m for help): W

The partition   table has been altered!

 

==================================================

1.2调整分区类型

---

改变分区类型(8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-5, default   5):

Hex code (type L to list all   codes): 8e

Changed type of   partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

 

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-5, default   5): 1

Hex code (type L to list all   codes): 8e

Changed type of   partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

 

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-5, default   5): 2

Hex code (type L to list all   codes): 8e

Changed type of   partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

 

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-5, default   5): 3

Hex code (type L to list all   codes): 8e

Changed type of   partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

 

Command (m for   help): t

Partition number (1-5,   default 5): 5

Hex code (type L to list all   codes): 8e

 

You cannot change   a partition into an extended one or vice versa.

Delete it first.

 

Type of partition   4 is unchanged: Extended

 

Command (m for help): w

The partition   table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl()   to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

######################################################################

1.3 创建

[root@www ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc{1..3}

  Physical   volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created

  Physical   volume "/dev/sdc2" successfully created

  Physical   volume "/dev/sdc3" successfully created

[root@www ~]# vgcreate vg0 /dev/sdc{1..3}

  Volume   group "vg0" successfully created

[root@www ~]# lvcreate -L 10g -n lv0 vg0

  Logical   volume "lv0" created.

#######################################################################

1.4格式化挂载

===

a.格式化

[root@www ~]# mkfs.ext4   /dev/vg0/lv0

mke2fs 1.42.9   (28-Dec-2013)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096   (log=2)

Fragment   size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks,   Stripe width=0 blocks

655360 inodes,   2621440 blocks

131072 blocks   (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data   block=0

Maximum   filesystem blocks=2151677952

80 block groups

32768 blocks per   group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per   group

Superblock   backups stored on blocks:

32768,   98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

 

Allocating group   tables: done                           

Writing inode   tables: done                           

Creating journal   (32768 blocks): done

Writing   superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

===========================================

b.挂载

[root@www ~]#   mkdir /mnt/lv_test

[root@www ~]#   mount /dev/vg0/lv0 /mnt/lv_test

开机自动挂载

[root@www ~]#   echo "/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 /mnt/lv_test ext4 defaults 0 0"   >>/etc/fstab

[root@www ~]#   tail -1 /etc/fstab

/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0   /mnt/lv_test ext4 defaults 0 0

 

 

 

######################################################

 

2. LVM相关信息查看(逻辑,卷组,物理卷)

---------------------------------------

2.1.逻辑卷查看

[root@www ~]#   lvdisplay /dev/vg0/lv0

  --- Logical volume ---

  LV Path                /dev/vg0/lv0

  LV Name                lv0

  VG Name                vg0

  LV UUID                  BebWlW-fUxw-se8Q-BfQp-Aodo-1hYT-YbrCQr

  LV Write Access        read/write

  LV Creation host, time www.centos.com, 2015-09-15 19:20:07 -0400

  LV Status              available

  # open                 0

  LV Size                10.00 GiB

  Current LE             2560

  Segments               3

  Allocation             inherit

  Read ahead sectors     auto

  - currently set to     8192

  Block device           253:2

----------------------------------------

[root@www ~]#   lvscan

  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/swap' [2.00 GiB]   inherit

  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/root' [17.47 GiB]   inherit

  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg0/lv0' [10.00 GiB]   inherit

====================================

2.2. 卷组查看

[root@www ~]#   vgscan

  Reading all physical volumes.  This may take a while...

  Found volume group "centos"   using metadata type lvm2

    Found volume group "vg0" using metadata type lvm2

[root@www ~]#   vgdisplay /dev/vg0

  --- Volume group ---

  VG Name               vg0

  System ID            

  Format                lvm2

  Metadata Areas        3

  Metadata Sequence No  2

  VG Access             read/write

  VG Status             resizable

  MAX LV                0

  Cur LV                1

  Open LV               1

  Max PV                0

  Cur PV                3

  Act PV                3

  VG Size               11.99 GiB

  PE Size               4.00 MiB

  Total PE              3069

  Alloc PE / Size       2560 / 10.00 GiB

  Free    PE / Size       509 / 1.99 GiB

  VG UUID                 ZWKv1x-v4Ns-FfWl-hqmq-RCGI-1OZD-Olm7za

==========================================================

2.3. 物理卷查看

[root@www ~]#   pvscan

  PV /dev/sda2   VG centos   lvm2 [19.51 GiB / 40.00 MiB free]

    PV /dev/sdc1   VG vg0      lvm2 [5.00 GiB / 0    free]

    PV /dev/sdc2   VG vg0      lvm2 [5.00 GiB / 0    free]

    PV /dev/sdc3   VG vg0      lvm2 [2.00 GiB / 1.99 GiB free]

[root@www ~]#   pvdisplay

 ... ... ... ...

 --- Physical volume ---

  PV Name               /dev/sdc1

  VG Name               vg0

  PV Size               5.00 GiB / not usable 4.00   MiB

  Allocatable           yes (but full)

  PE Size               4.00 MiB

  Total PE              1279

  Free PE               0

  Allocated PE          1279

  PV UUID                 glzMi3-UYaV-YzRF-5Cx8-lwPA-pP6e-Tsx0I6

  

  --- Physical volume ---

  PV Name               /dev/sdc2

  VG Name               vg0

  PV Size               5.00 GiB / not usable 4.00   MiB

  Allocatable           yes (but full)

  PE Size               4.00 MiB

  Total PE              1279

  Free PE               0

  Allocated PE          1279

  PV UUID                 hcYMzv-IPik-vEI0-pwEW-wo9l-4HCs-zINuRA

 ... ... ... ...

 

################################################

3.LVM扩容

-----

3.1. 磁盘分区

... ...  参照1.1 ...   ...

3.2. 创建物理卷

[root@www ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc{5..6}     //创建物理卷

  Physical volume "/dev/sdc5"   successfully created

  Physical volume "/dev/sdc6"   successfully created

[root@www ~]# pvscan     //查看刚创建的物理卷

  PV /dev/sda2   VG centos   lvm2 [19.51 GiB / 40.00 MiB free]

  PV /dev/sdc1   VG vg0      lvm2 [5.00 GiB / 0    free]

  PV /dev/sdc2   VG vg0      lvm2 [5.00 GiB / 0    free]

  PV /dev/sdc3   VG vg0      lvm2 [2.00 GiB / 1.99 GiB free]

  PV /dev/sdc5               lvm2 [2.00 GiB]

  PV /dev/sdc6               lvm2 [6.00 GiB]

----

3.3. 扩展卷组

[root@www ~]#   vgextend vg0 /dev/sdc5 /dev/sdc6

  Volume group "vg0" successfully   extended

[root@www ~]#   vgdisplay /dev/vg0

  --- Volume group ---

  VG Name               vg0

  System ID            

  Format                lvm2

  Metadata Areas        5

  Metadata Sequence No  3

  VG Access             read/write

  VG Status             resizable

  MAX LV                0

  Cur LV                1

  Open LV               1

  Max PV                0

  Cur PV                5

  Act PV                5

  VG Size               19.98 GiB

  PE Size               4.00 MiB

  Total PE              5115

  Alloc PE / Size       2560 / 10.00 GiB

  Free    PE / Size       2555 / 9.98 GiB

  VG UUID                 ZWKv1x-v4Ns-FfWl-hqmq-RCGI-1OZD-Olm7za

----

3.4. lvm扩容

[root@www ~]#   lvextend -L +5g /dev/vg0/lv0

  Size of logical volume vg0/lv0 changed   from 10.00 GiB (2560 extents) to 15.00 GiB (3840 extents).

  Logical volume lv0 successfully resized

----

3.5. 重新刷新大小

[root@www ~]#   resize2fs /dev/vg0/lv0

resize2fs 1.42.9   (28-Dec-2013)

Filesystem at   /dev/vg0/lv0 is mounted on /mnt/lv_test; on-line resizing required

old_desc_blocks =   2, new_desc_blocks = 2

The filesystem on   /dev/vg0/lv0 is now 3932160 blocks long.

################################################################

4. LVM缩减

---

4.1. 卸载文件系统

[root@www ~]#   umount /dev/vg0/lv0

---

4.2. df -h查看文件系统已经成功卸载

---

4.3. 对文件系统进行强制检测

[root@www ~]#   e2fsck -f /dev/vg0/lv0

e2fsck 1.42.9   (28-Dec-2013)

Pass 1: Checking   inodes, blocks, and sizes

Pass 2: Checking   directory structure

Pass 3: Checking   directory connectivity

Pass 4: Checking   reference counts

Pass 5: Checking   group summary information

/dev/vg0/lv0:   15/983040 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 105181/3932160 blocks

---

4.4. 缩减文件系统到10G

[root@www ~]#   resize2fs /dev/vg0/lv0 10G

resize2fs 1.42.9   (28-Dec-2013)

Resizing the   filesystem on /dev/vg0/lv0 to 2621440 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on   /dev/vg0/lv0 is now 2621440 blocks long.

---

4.5. 缩减LVM10G

[root@www ~]#   lvreduce -L 10G /dev/vg0/lv0

  WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to   10.00 GiB

  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem   etc.)

Do you really   want to reduce lv0? [y/n]: y

  Size of logical volume vg0/lv0 changed   from 15.00 GiB (3840 extents) to 10.00 GiB (2560 extents).

  Logical volume lv0 successfully resized

---

4.6. 重新挂载文件系统,使用df -h查看是否已经看到所挂载的文件系统

[root@www ~]#   mount /dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 /mnt/lv_test

---

4.7. 查看开机是否自动挂载

[root@www ~]#   tail -5 /etc/fstab

#

/dev/mapper/centos-root   /                       xfs     defaults        0 0

UUID=f6e1aeb1-d2c8-46bf-bda0-5541250f8163   /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0

/dev/mapper/centos-swap   swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0   /mnt/lv_test ext4 defaults 0 0

################################################################

 

5.移除LVM

[root@www ~]# lvremove /dev/vg0/lv1   //移除文件系统

Do you really   want to remove active logical volume lv1? [y/n]: y

  Logical volume "lv1"   successfully removed

[root@www ~]# vgremove /dev/vg0   //移除卷组

  Volume group "vg0" successfully   removed

[root@www ~]# pvremove /dev/sdc1 //移除物理卷

  Labels on physical volume   "/dev/sdc1" successfully wiped

=========================================================

 

 


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