ASP.NET MVC4+EF4.1+WCF RESTful 实战(一)

你还在用webforms拖拉控件，你还在用拖拉Ajax Control Toolkit，甚或DeveloperExpress，你Out了，快快跟我学习MVC4。

本节本人主要让那些觉得MVC比较难学的人明白，只要你想到了，就一般能做到。光有思想也不行，技术上一定要达到才行，那我问你个问题，Excel导入的时候，你怎么判断数据类型和长度？慢慢想吧！看看思想重要，还是技术重要。

首先我想上一张图，如下，还是调动一下胃口，因为无图无真相，谁看你写的博客

 看见了吧，一个纯手工打造的，没有Jquery EasyUI，没有Ajax，普通的一个界面，就这一个普通的界面，所涉及的内容可不少呢。我们先看看界面代码

@using MVCRestServiceDemo.Models.Response;
@using MVCRestServiceDemo.Models;
@model DataResponse<person_info>;
<script type="text/javascript">
    jQuery(document).ready(function () {
        setRowBackColor();
        $("#btnQuery").click(function () { /*查询*/
            var pageIndex = 1;
            var pageSize = 12;
            var no = $("#txtNo").val();
            var name = $("#txtName").val();
            var sex = $("#ddlSex").val();
            var condition = pageIndex + "_" + pageSize + "_" + no + "|" + name + "|" + sex;
            window.location.href = "/Home/GetArchiveInfoByCondition/" + condition;
        });
        $("#btnDelete").click(function () {  /*批量删除*/
            var checkedCount = $("#tabArchiveInfo input[type='checkbox'][name!='chk_all'][checked]").length;
            if (checkedCount == 0) {
                alert("请选择要删除的数据!");
                return;
            }
            $("#archiveInfoForm").submit(); /*提交Form*/
        });
    });
    function checkall() {   /*全选*/
        if ($("#chkall").attr("checked")) {
            $(".mytable :checkbox").attr("checked", true);
        }
        else {
            $(".mytable :checkbox").attr("checked", false);
        }
    }
    function setRowBackColor() /*隔行变色*/ {
        var t = document.getElementById("tabArchiveInfo").getElementsByTagName("tr");
        for (var i = 0; i < t.length; i++) {
            t[i].style.backgroundColor = (t[i].sectionRowIndex % 2 == 0) ? "#b7b3b3" : "#fff";
        }
    }
    function setCheck(id) /*点击行选中或取消选中行首复选框*/ {
        $("#chk_" + id).attr("checked", !$("#chk_" + id).attr("checked"));
    }
</script>
<section class="features">
    @using (Html.BeginForm("Delete", "Home", FormMethod.Post, new { id = "archiveInfoForm" }))
    {
        <table style="width: 96%; margin-bottom: 3px">
            <tr>
                <td align="right">档案编号: </td>
                <td align="left">
                    @Html.TextBox("no", (ViewBag.No as string), new { id = "txtNo" })
                </td>
                <td align="right">姓名: </td>
                <td align="left">
                    @Html.TextBox("name", (ViewBag.Name as string), new { id = "txtName" })
                </td>
                <td align="right">性别: </td>
                <td align="left">
                    @Html.DropDownList("sex", (TempData["selectList"] as SelectList), new { id = "ddlSex" })
                </td>
                <td aling="center">
                    <input id="btnQuery" type="button" value="查询" style="width: 80px" />
                </td>
            </tr>
        </table>
        <table class="mytable" id="tabArchiveInfo">
            <tr>
                <th>
                    <center>
                    @Html.CheckBox("chk_all", new { id = "chkall", onclick = "checkall()" })
                </center>
                </th>
                <th>
                    <center>档案编号</center>
                </th>
                <th>
                    <center>姓名</center>
                </th>
                <th>
                    <center>性别</center>
                </th>
                <th>
                    <center>身份证号</center>
                </th>
                <th>
                    <center>出生日期</center>
                </th>
                <th>
                    <center>毕业院校</center>
                </th>
                <th>
                    <center>学历</center>
                </th>
                <th>
                    <center>专业</center>
                </th>
                <th>
                    <center>操作</center>
                </th>
            </tr>
            @foreach (var personInfo in Model.DataList)
            {
                <tr onclick="setCheck('@personInfo.id')">
                    <td style="text-align: center;">
                        @Html.CheckBox(string.Concat("chk_", personInfo.id), false, new { id = string.Concat("chk_", personInfo.id), onclick = "setCheck('" + personInfo.id + "')" })
                        @Html.Hidden(string.Concat("hfd_", personInfo.id), personInfo.id)
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        @personInfo.no
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        @personInfo.name
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        @(personInfo.sex == "1" ? "男" : "女")
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        @personInfo.id_card
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        @personInfo.birth
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        @personInfo.graduate_school
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        @personInfo.education_level
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        @personInfo.professional
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <button type="submit" style="width: 60px; margin-right: 3px">修改</button>
                        <button type="submit" style="width: 60px">删除</button>
                    </td>
                </tr>
            }
        </table>
        <div class="divpager">
            共有 <font color="red" id="ft">@Model.TotalCount</font>条记录 当前是第 <font color="red">@Model.PageIndex</font>
            页 共<font color="red">@Model.TotalPages</font>页&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            @if (Model.HasPreviousPage)
            {
                @Html.ActionLink("首页", "GetArchiveInfoByCondition", new { id = string.Join("_", "1", Model.PageSize, ViewBag.Conition) })<label>&nbsp;
                </label>
                @Html.ActionLink("上一页", "GetArchiveInfoByCondition", new { id = string.Join("_", Model.PageIndex - 1, Model.PageSize, ViewBag.Conition) })<label>&nbsp;
                </label>
            }
            else
            {
                <a>首页&nbsp;</a>
                <a>上一页&nbsp;</a>
            }
            @if (Model.HasNextPage)
            {
                @Html.ActionLink("下一页", "GetArchiveInfoByCondition", new { id = string.Join("_", Model.PageIndex + 1, Model.PageSize, ViewBag.Conition) })<label>&nbsp;
                </label>
                @Html.ActionLink("末页", "GetArchiveInfoByCondition", new { id = string.Join("_", Model.TotalPages, Model.PageSize, ViewBag.Conition) })
            }
            else
            {
                <a>下一页&nbsp;</a>
                <a>末页&nbsp;</a>
            }
        </div>
        <div style="width: 96%; margin-top: 5px" align="right">
            <button type="button" style="width: 80px;">增加</button>
            <button type="button" style="width: 80px" id="btnDelete">删除</button>
        </div>
    }
</section>

 通过界面代码，我们可以知道，我这个界面实现了界面上的隔行变色，全选/非全选，删除，查询(增加和修改功能将在下一节使用Ajax的时候介绍)功能。首先我们看第一段js。jQuery(document).ready这个函数里面实现的是隔行变色，查询，删除功能。我们先来看这个查询功能，设置window.location.href来实现页面刷新，达到查询效果。这个很容易理解，我们来看看查询代码

public ViewResult GetArchiveInfoByCondition(string id)
        {
            string[] pageValues = id.Split("_".ToCharArray());
            int pageIndex = int.Parse(pageValues.ElementAt(0));
            int pageSize = int.Parse(pageValues.ElementAt(1));
            string[] searchValues = pageValues[2].Split("|".ToCharArray());
            string no = searchValues.ElementAt(0) ?? string.Empty;
            string name = searchValues.ElementAt(1) ?? string.Empty;
            string sex = searchValues.ElementAt(2) ?? string.Empty;
            PersonRequest request = new PersonRequest()
            {
                No = no.Trim(),
                Name = name.Trim(),
                Sex = sex.Trim(),
                PageSize = pageSize,
                PageIndex = pageIndex
            };
            ViewBag.No = request.No;
            ViewBag.Name = request.Name;
            ViewBag.Conition = string.Join("|", no.Trim(), name.Trim(), sex.Trim());
            this.GetSexList(sex);
            string uri = baseAddress + "PersonInfo/GetByCondition";
            DataResponse<person_info> personInfoList = dataService.GetData<DataResponse<person_info>, PersonRequest>(uri, request);
            return View("~/Views/Home/Index.cshtml", personInfoList);
        }

在这里我要说明的是MVC和Webforms不一样，当你刷新界面的时候，文本框和下拉的值都会被刷掉，所以在这里我们有ViewBag.No = request.No;  ViewBag.Name = request.Name;意思是再把这些值重新帮回到页面，避免值被刷的情况。ViewBag.Conition = string.Join("|", no.Trim(), name.Trim(), sex.Trim());这个则是用来分页的时候传递的，因为分页的时候也要带上查询参数。至于这个DropDownList，

private void GetSexList(string selectedValue = "")
        {
            string uri = baseAddress + "PersonInfo/GetSexList";
            List<codes> codeList = dataService.GetData<List<codes>>(uri);
            codeList.Insert(0, new codes() { data = string.Empty, display_content = "---请选择---" });
            SelectList selectList = new SelectList(codeList, "data", "display_content", selectedValue);
            TempData["selectList"] = selectList;
        }

因为它在往页面返的时候就要设置选定(selectedvalue),SelectList的第四个参数。这个方法的参数selectedValue 是可选参数，4.0的新特性。所以这个无需放置在ViewBag中。我们来看看这个方法对应的WCF Restful

[OperationContract]
        [WebInvoke(UriTemplate = "Personinfo/GetByCondition", Method = "POST"
            , RequestFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json
            , ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json
            , BodyStyle = WebMessageBodyStyle.Bare)]
        DataResponse<person_info> GetPersonInfoByCondition(PersonRequest request);

/// <summary>
        /// 根据查询条件获取
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="request"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public DataResponse<person_info> GetPersonInfoByCondition(PersonRequest request)
        {
            IQueryable<person_info> personInfos = misInfoEntities.person_info.Where(p =>
                 (string.IsNullOrEmpty(request.Name) ? true : p.name.Contains(request.Name.Trim()))
                 && (string.IsNullOrEmpty(request.No) ? true : p.no.Contains(request.No.Trim()))
                 && (string.IsNullOrEmpty(request.Sex) ? true : p.sex.Equals(request.Sex)));
            DataResponse<person_info> response = new DataResponse<person_info>();
            response.TotalCount = personInfos.Count();
            response.TotalPages = response.TotalCount % request.PageSize == 0 ? (response.TotalCount / request.PageSize) : (response.TotalCount / request.PageSize + 1);
            response.DataList = personInfos.AsEnumerable().OrderBy(p => p.no).Skip(request.PageSize * (request.PageIndex - 1)).Take(request.PageSize).ToList();
            response.PageIndex = request.PageIndex;
            response.PageSize = request.PageSize;
            return response;
        }

在这里我们一次性把相关的数据都加载到了response 中，在这里我解释下RequestFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json这个和Response设置的一致，都是json格式，也就是请求和返回所传送的数据格式都是Json,WebMessageFormat是个枚举，另一个枚举值是Xml。还有WebMessageBodyStyle，在这里我选择Bare，选择不包裹，如果包裹，意味着传递给客户端的json格式就会找不到序列化对象，假如是个对象，那么就变为{"service方法名":{"键":"值"}}这种格式，导致客户端找不到反序列化对象。在这里我们还用到了另一个对象dataService，我们来看看

public class DataService
    {
        public T GetData<T, P>(string url, P parameter) where T : class, new()
        {
            DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(T));
            HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(url);
            httpWebRequest.Method = "POST";
            httpWebRequest.ContentType = "application/json";
            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
            {
                if (parameter != null)
                {
                    DataContractJsonSerializer parameterSerializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(P));
                    Stream requestStream = httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream();
                    parameterSerializer.WriteObject(ms, parameter);
                    byte[] byt = ms.ToArray();
                    requestStream.Write(byt, 0, byt.Length);
                }
                HttpWebResponse httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
                Stream responseStream = httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream();
                T tObj = serializer.ReadObject(responseStream) as T;
                return tObj;
            }
        }

        public T DealData<T, P>(string url, P parameter) where T : struct
        {
            DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(T));
            HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(url);
            httpWebRequest.Method = "POST";
            httpWebRequest.ContentType = "application/json";
            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
            {
                if (parameter != null)
                {
                    DataContractJsonSerializer parameterSerializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(P));
                    Stream requestStream = httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream();
                    parameterSerializer.WriteObject(ms, parameter);
                    byte[] byt = ms.ToArray();
                    requestStream.Write(byt, 0, byt.Length);
                }
                HttpWebResponse httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
                Stream responseStream = httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream();
                T tObj = (T)serializer.ReadObject(responseStream);
                return tObj;
            }
        }

        public T GetData<T>(string url) where T : class,new()
        {
            DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(T));
            HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(url);
            httpWebRequest.Method = "Get";
            HttpWebResponse httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
            Stream responseStream = httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream();
            T tObj = serializer.ReadObject(responseStream) as T;
            return tObj;
        }
    }

三个方法，第一个主要是执行POST方式的数据获取，第二个是执行POST方式的删除，修改，第三个则是执行Get方式。第三个方式的参数都是在URI中，所以无一和二那种POST序列化传值。Get典型的应用就是

public ActionResult Index()
        {
            ViewBag.Message = "WelCome to lilei's Mvc Demo!";
            this.GetSexList();
            return RedirectToAction("GetArchiveInfo");
        }

        public ViewResult GetArchiveInfo()
        {
            string uri = string.Format(baseAddress + "PersonInfo/GetAll/{0}/{1}", 1, 12);
            ViewBag.Conition = string.Join("|", string.Empty, string.Empty, string.Empty);
            DataResponse<person_info> personInfoList = dataService.GetData<DataResponse<person_info>>(uri);
            return View("~/Views/Home/Index.cshtml", personInfoList);
        }

程序进来以后，先获取下拉列表数据，在跳转至GetArchiveInfo这个Action，看到了，它的URI传值是追在斜杠后面的。在这里我要说下这个TempData，这个东西在控制器只传递一次就销毁了，所以我在Index中获取的 TempData["selectList"] = selectList;再传到GetArchiveInfo是不会丢失的。我们来看看这个Get的Service

[OperationContract]
        [WebGet(UriTemplate = "PersonInfo/GetAll/{pageIndex}/{pageSize}", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]
        DataResponse<person_info> GetPersonInfoList(string pageIndex,string pageSize);

采用的WebGet属性标注，在这里方法中的和URI中的参数名一定要匹配，而且get方式的参数一定要定义成string类型。OK，最后我们展望一下我们的删除，就洗洗睡了。看代码Service

[OperationContract]
        [WebInvoke(UriTemplate = "PersonInfo/Delete"
            ,BodyStyle=WebMessageBodyStyle.Bare
            ,RequestFormat=WebMessageFormat.Json
            ,ResponseFormat=WebMessageFormat.Json)]
        int Delete(List<string> ids);

public int Delete(List<string> ids)
        {
            foreach (var id in ids)
            {
                person_info personInfo = misInfoEntities.person_info.Find(id);
                if (personInfo != null)
                {
                    misInfoEntities.person_info.Remove(personInfo);
                }
            }
            return misInfoEntities.SaveChanges();
        }

OK，很简单就不解释了，我们看看控制器，这是关键

public RedirectToRouteResult Delete(FormCollection fc)
        {
            string[] keys = fc.AllKeys;
            string[] chkKeys=keys.Where(k=>k.Contains("chk")&&k!="chk_all").ToArray();
            List<string> idList = new List<string>();
            foreach (var key in chkKeys)
            {
                if (fc[key].ToUpper().Contains("TRUE"))
                {
                    idList.Add(fc[key.Replace("chk","hfd")]);
                }
            }
            string uri = baseAddress + "PersonInfo/Delete";
            dataService.DealData<Int32, List<string>>(uri, idList);
            this.GetSexList();
            return RedirectToAction("GetArchiveInfo");
        }

看到了吧，我解释一下，Form提交，表单元素被提交到FormCollection(键值对)，在这里我先获取所有Key，然后筛选出checkBox，循环遍历，如果包含值TRUE，注意这里如果checkbox选中，其值是"false,true"，如果未选中其值是"false"。这个是MVC所决定的，我管不了。前台$("#tabArchiveInfo input[type='checkbox'][name!='chk_all'][checked]")这个意思是在id为tabArchiveInfo 的table元素中查找checkbox name不为chk_all并且状态是选中的Checkbox。如果没看懂，下一个Jquery 中文手册。OK，今天的内容就这么多，下次实战进入我们的Microsoft Ajax阶段。如果想要源码，请加入群205217091，里面很多高手，期待你的加入。