NP-OSPF综合实验配置（一）
今天完成一个
OSPF
的综合实验，利用所学知识实战一下：
这里借用以下工大瑞普的
OSPF
综合实验拓扑图，感谢工大瑞普的分享。
废话不多说，实验开始（每个路由器的接口的
IP
地址配置省略）
1．
配置帧中继交换机PVC
链路
将图中
R9
模拟配置成帧中继交换机
首先，应该在全局配置模式下输入
frame-relay switching
开启帧中继交换功能
S1/0
、S1/1
、S1/2
配置如下
：
interface Serial1/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
//
接口封装帧中继
shutdown
serial restart-delay 0
clock rate 64000
//
配置时钟，用于同步数据传输的速率
frame-relay lmi-type cisco
//
配置帧中继
LMI
（本地管理接口）封装类型
frame-relay intf-type dce
//
配置帧中继接口类型
frame-relay route 203 interface Serial1/1 302
frame-relay route 204 interface Serial1/2 402
//
配置
DLCI
的路由，在这个配置中意思是从
DLCI
为
204
的数据从
s1/2
口转发出去，并且从
402 DLCI
到达目的地。这条
PVC
由
DLCI 204
和
402
来标识
!
interface Serial1/1
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
shutdown
serial restart-delay 0
clock rate 64000
frame-relay lmi-type cisco
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 302 interface Serial1/0 203
!
interface Serial1/2
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
shutdown
serial restart-delay 0
clock rate 64000
frame-relay lmi-type cisco
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 402 interface Serial1/0 204
OK
，这样就把
R9
模拟成帧中继交换机，实验继续
2
．配置area 0
区域，指定合适的DR
路由器，并且要求自动形成邻居关系。
这里我将帧中继网路类型配置成point to multipoint
类型，因此不选举DR/BDR
R2:
interface Serial1/2
ip address 172.17.1.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay map ip 172.17.1.2 203 broadcast
frame-relay map ip 172.17.1.3 204 broadcast
no frame-relay inverse-arp
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 10.1.1 .0 0.0.0.255 area 1
network 172.17.1.0 0.0.0 .255 area 0
R3:
interface Serial1/2
ip address 172.17.1.2 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay map ip 172.17.1.1 302 broadcast
no frame-relay inverse-arp
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 10.1.2 .0 0.0.0.255 area 4
network 172.17.1.0 0.0.0 .255 area 0
R4:
interface Serial1/2
ip address 172.17.1.3 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay map ip 172.17.1.1 402 broadcast
no frame-relay inverse-arp
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 10.1.3 .0 0.0.0.255 area 2
network 172.17.1.0 0.0.0 .255 area 0
我们来看下结果
：
r2#sh ip os nei
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
172.17.1.3 0 FULL/ - 00:01:47 172.17.1.3 Serial1/2
172.17.1.2 0 FULL/ - 00:01:31 172.17.1.2 Serial1/2
172.16.3.1 1 FULL/ - 00:00:34 10.1.1 .1 Serial1/0
实验成功
3.
配置虚链路解决区域分割问题
先来看看
R4
路由器上的路由条目
r4#sh ip rou
172.17.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
C 172.17.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/2
O 172.17.1.1/32 [110/64] via 172.17.1.1, 00:51:01, Serial1/2
O 172.17.1.2/32 [110/128] via 172.17.1.1, 00:51:01, Serial1/2
172.16.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O IA 172.16.1.1 [110/129] via 172.17.1.1, 00:49:06, Serial1/2
O IA 172.16.0.1 [110/129] via 172.17.1.1, 00:49:06, Serial1/2
O IA 172.16.3.1 [110/129] via 172.17.1.1, 00:49:06, Serial1/2
O IA 172.16.2.1 [110/129] via 172.17.1.1, 00:49:06, Serial1/2
172.19.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O IA 172.19.0.1 [110/193] via 172.17.1.1, 00:49:06, Serial1/2
O IA 172.19.1.1 [110/193] via 172.17.1.1, 00:49:06, Serial1/2
172.18.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O 172.18.1.1 [110/65] vi a 10.1.3 .2, 00:49:06, Serial1/1
O 172.18.0.1 [110/65] vi a 10.1.3 .2, 00:49:06, Serial1/1
10.0.0 .0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C 10.1.3 .0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O IA 10.1.2 .0 [110/192] via 172.17.1.1, 00:49:06, Serial1/2
O IA 10.1.1 .0 [110/128] via 172.17.1.1, 00:49:06, Serial1/2
可以看出R4
路由表没有到达区域3
的路由信息，造成这种情况的由于区域3
没有和主干区域0
相连，我们知道OSPF
采用层次设计时，非主干区域都必须和主干区域相连，当非主干区域没有和主干区域相连时，OSPF
提供了一种解决方法，那就是配置Virtual-link
。
Virtual-link
配置命令为在路由配置命令下输入
area area-di virtual-link neighbor-id
r4(config)#router os 1
r4(config-router)#area 2 virtual-link 172.18.1.1
r7(config)#router os 1
r7(config-router)#area 2 virtual-link 172.17.1.3
查看下结果：
r4#sh ip ospf virtual-links
Virtual Link OSPF_VL1 to router 172.18.1.1 is up
Run as demand circuit
DoNotAge LSA allowed.
Transit area 2, via interface Serial1/1, Cost of using 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:01
Adjacency State FULL (Hello suppressed)
Index 2/3, retransmission queue length 0, number of retransmission 1
First 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last retransmission scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last retransmission scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
r4#sh ip rou
172.17.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
C 172.17.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/2
O 172.17.1.1/32 [110/64] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:39, Serial1/2
O 172.17.1.2/32 [110/128] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:39, Serial1/2
172.16.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O IA 172.16.1.1 [110/129] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:39, Serial1/2
O IA 172.16.0.1 [110/129] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:39, Serial1/2
O IA 172.16.3.1 [110/129] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:39, Serial1/2
O IA 172.16.2.1 [110/129] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:39, Serial1/2
172.19.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O IA 172.19.0.1 [110/193] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:39, Serial1/2
O IA 172.19.1.1 [110/193] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:39, Serial1/2
172.18.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O 172.18.1.1 [110/65] vi a 10.1.3 .2, 00:03:50, Serial1/1
O 172.18.0.1 [110/65] vi a 10.1.3 .2, 00:03:50, Serial1/1
172.20.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O IA 172.20.1.1 [110/129] vi a 10.1.3 .2, 00:03:40, Serial1/1
O IA 172.20.0.1 [110/129] vi a 10.1.3 .2, 00:03:40, Serial1/1
O IA 172.20.3.1 [110/129] vi a 10.1.3 .2, 00:03:40, Serial1/1
O IA 172.20.2.1 [110/129] vi a 10.1.3 .2, 00:03:40, Serial1/1
10.0.0 .0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
C 10.1.3 .0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O IA 10.1.2 .0 [110/192] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:40, Serial1/2
O IA 10.1.1 .0 [110/128] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:40, Serial1/2
O IA 10.1.4 .0 [110/128] vi a 10.1.3 .2, 00:03:40, Serial1/1
Ok
，实验成功。