数据库练习集1--读书笔记
SQL SERVER 2005练习集1
入门篇
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% : 表示0~n个任意字符
_ : 表示单个任意字符
[] :表示在括号里列出的任意字符
[^]:表示任意个没有在括号中列出的字符
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系统数据库
MASTER数据库:
记录着SQL SERVER2005系统中的所有系统级别的信息,包括所有的登录帐户和系统配置以及所包含的数据库、
数据文件的位置；是SQL SERVER启动的第一个入口，是所有系统数据库中的重中之重，一但损坏就无法启动SQL
SERVER。
MODEL数据库：
是新建数据库的模板。
TEMPDB数据库：
保存了所有的临时表和临时存储过程。
MSDB数据库：
提供了SQL SERVER2005代理程序调度、报警、作业以及记录操作员等活动。
/////////////////////////////////////////
use demo
go
/*创建用户自定义(newtype)数据类型*/
/*exec sp_addtype newtype ,"char(10)"
go*/
/*删除自定义(newtype)数据类型*/
/*exec sp_droptype newtype
go*/
/*更改表的属性*/
/*alter table family
alter column id int not null
go*/
/*创建一个存储员工信息的表*/
/*create table employee
(
/*为表列产生一个自动生成的序号*/
id int identity(1,1),
[name] char(20),
gender char(4)
)
go*/
/*查看表的属性*/
execute sp_help employee
go
////////////////////////////////////////////
use school
go
/*create table student
(
id int not null,--学号
[name] char(20),
gender char(2),--性别
age smallint,
grade smallint,--年级
class smallint,
tercher_id int,
parents_id int,
)
on students --将信息创建在students文件组上
go*/
/*create table teachers
(
id int not null,
[name] char(20),
gender char(2),
age smallint,
subject char(20),
teaching_age smallint,--教学年龄
position char(20)--教师职位
)
on teachers
go*/
/*create table parents
(
id int,
father char(20),
mother char(20),
f_telephone char(20),
m_telephone char(20),
phone char(20),--固话
f_company varchar(50),
m_company varchar(50),
f_position char(20),--职位
m_position char(20)
)
on parents
go*/
/*带空格的表格名称的用法*/
create table [学 生]
(
学生编号 int,
学生姓名 char(20),
学生性别 char(2),
学生年龄 smallint,
学生所在年级 smallint,
学生所在班级 smallint,
老师的编号 int,
家长的编号 int
)
on students
go
/* 录入家长的基本信息*/
insert into parents
(
id,father,mother,f_telephone,m_telephone,phone,f_company,m_company,f_position,m_position
)
values
(
2001,'Edd.Cott','Rose.Li','989001','338453',null,'IBM','BMW','Engineer','Worker'
)
go
insert into parents
(
id,father,mother,f_telephone,m_telephone,phone,f_company,m_company,f_position,m_position
)
values
(
2002,'Jack.Chen','Lily','757980',null,'00-76876','Oracle',null,'Mgr.',null
)
go
insert into parents
(
id,father,mother,f_telephone,m_telephone,phone,f_company,m_company,f_position,m_position
)
values
(
2003,'Tom.Wang','Misto','991871','777444','00-23534','HP',null,'Worker',null
)
go
insert into parents
(
id,father,mother,f_telephone,m_telephone,phone,f_company,m_company,f_position,m_position
)
values
(
2004,'Peter.Zhang',null,'887653','597555','00-45654','Microsoft','Ebay','Engineer','Engineer'
)
go
select * from parents
go
/*insert into teachers
(
id,[name],gender,age,subject,teaching_age,position
)
values
(
101,'MS.Zhang','女','30','语文','10','特级教师'
)
go
insert into teachers
(
id,[name],gender,age,subject,teaching_age,position
)
values
(
102,'SongDan','女','23','法语','1','初级教师'
)
go
insert into teachers
(
id,[name],gender,age,subject,teaching_age,position
)
values
(
103,'Jacky','男','50','数学','31','学年组长'
)
go
insert into teachers
(
id,[name],gender,age,subject,teaching_age,position
)
values
(
103,'CoCo','女','48','化学','25','特级教师'
)
go*/
select * from teachers
go
//////////////////////////////////
use school
go
/*按着性别统计分组(group by)*/
select count(id),gender
from student
group by gender
go
/*按着性别统计分组(group by)*/
select count(id),gender
from student
group by gender
having count(id)>2 --统计人数超过2人的数据
go
select * from student
order by name desc--排序
go
/*select top 2 *--查找头两个
from student
go*/
/*查找不重复的信息distinct*/
select distinct teacher_id
from student
go
--IN字句
select * from parents
where f_position
in
(
'worker',
'engineer'
)
与上面的效果相同
select * from parents
where f_position='worker' or f_position='engineer'
--not in 字句
select * from parents
where f_position
not in
(
'worker',
'engineer'
)
--计算总数
select id,f_telephone,m_telephone
from parents
order by id
compute count(f_telephone),count(m_telephone)
go
--compute by 字句,分类计算总数
select f_position,f_telephone,m_telephone
from parents
order by f_position
compute count(f_telephone),count(m_telephone)
by f_position
go
--表数据量的统计
select count(*) as 全表数据量统计
from parents
go
select count(phone) as 家庭电话数据量统计
from parents
go
--笛卡尔乘积
select student.name,parents.father,parents.mother
from student,parents
go
--避免笛卡尔乘积
select student.name,parents.father,parents.mother
from student,parents where student.parents_id=parents.id
go
--内联接(join 联接两个不同的表,on用于给这两个表之间联接条件)
select student.name,parents.father,parents.mother
from student inner join parents
on student.parents_id=parents.id
go
--使用表别名
select s.name as 学生姓名,
p.father as 学生父亲名,
p.mother as 学生母亲名
from student as s inner join parents as p
on s.parents_id=p.id
go
--使用右外联接(right outer join)
select s.name as 学生姓名,
p.father as 学生父亲名,
p.mother as 学生母亲名
from student as s right outer join parents as p
on s.parents_id=p.id
go
--使用左外联接(left outer join)
select s.id as 学生编号,
s.name as 学生姓名,
p.father as 学生父亲名,
p.mother as 学生母亲名
from student as s left outer join parents as p
on s.parents_id=p.id
go
--使用完整外联接(full outer join)
select s.id as 学生编号,
s.name as 学生姓名,
p.father as 学生父亲名,
p.mother as 学生母亲名
from student as s full outer join parents as p
on s.parents_id=p.id
go
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
--自联接
use demo
go
/*SET IDENTITY_INSERT employee ON
insert into employee
(id,[name],gender,manage_id)
values
(1001,'Peter','男',1001)
SET IDENTITY_INSERT employee off
go*/
/*SET IDENTITY_INSERT employee ON
insert into employee
(id,[name],gender,manage_id)
values
(1002,'Alice','女',1001)
SET IDENTITY_INSERT employee off
go
SET IDENTITY_INSERT employee ON
insert into employee
(id,[name],gender,manage_id)
values
(1003,'Tom','男',1002)
SET IDENTITY_INSERT employee off
go
SET IDENTITY_INSERT employee ON
insert into employee
(id,[name],gender,manage_id)
values
(1004,'Jack','男',1001)
SET IDENTITY_INSERT employee off
go*/
/*select e.id as 员工编号,
e.name as 员工姓名,
p.id as 其上司员工编号,
p.name as 其上司姓名
from employee as e
inner join
employee as p
on
e.id=p.manage_id
go*/
/////////////////////////////////////////
--数据导入
insert into 学生
(学生编号,学生姓名,学生性别,学生年龄,学生所在年级,学生所在班级,老师的编号,家长的编号)
select id ,[name],gender,age,grade,class,teacher_id,parents_id
from student where gender='女'
go
--select * from 学生
--修改一行
/*update student
set [name]='Jack.Chen' where id=2006003
go*/
--select * from student where id=2006003
--修改多行
/*update student
set teacher_id=103
where id in
(
2006001,
2006002,
2006003
)*/
--select * from student where teacher_id=103
--删除一行
/*delete from student
where id=2006005
go
select * from student
go*/
--删除多行
delete from student
where id in
(2006001,2006002)
go
select * from student
go
--删除所有
delete from student
select * from student
go
--设主键
/*先将ID的属性变为空*/
alter table dbo.student
alter column id int not null
go
/*设主键*/
alter table dbo.student
add constraint pk_student_id primary key(id)
go
--建一个名为TEST的表,带主键
/*create table test
(
id int primary key,
[name] char(20),
city char(10),
)
go*/
--查看表属性
--execute sp_help test
--go
--创建多列 主键
/*create table book
(
isbn int,
copy_no int,--图书副本号
book_name char(20),
constraint pk_book_isbn_copy_no primary key(isbn,copy_no)--定义表级主键约束
)
go*/
exec sp_help book
go
--成年人读者信息表
/*create table adult_member
(
member_id int, --读者编号
member_name char(10),
member_job char(10),
member_genber char(2),
constraint pk_adult_member_id primary key(member_id)
)
go
--非成年人读者信息
create table junior_member
(
member_id int,
adult_member_id int,
member_name char(10),
member_genber char(2),
constraint pk_junior_member_id primary key(member_id),
constraint fk_junior_member_id foreign key(member_id)
references adult_member(member_id)
)
go
exec sp_help adult_member
go*/
--创建全体读者的信息
create table member
(
member_id int,
member_name char(10),
member_gender char(2),
member_age int,
constraint pk_member_id primary key(member_id)
)
go
--为表adult-member创建一个外键约束
alter table adult_member
add constraint fk_adult_member_id_member_id
foreign key(member_id) references member(member_id)
go
--为表junior-member创建一个外键约束
alter table junior_member
add constraint fk_junior_member_id_member_id
foreign key(member_id) references member(member_id)
go
alter table student
--为学生与家长间建立关联关系
add constraint fk_student_parents_id_parents_id
foreign key(parents_id)
references parents
go
--为学生与老师间建立关联关系
alter table student
add constraint fk_student_tescher_id_teacher_id
foreign key(teacher_id)
references teachers
go
--先删除外键再删除主键
--先将学生表上创建的与家长表关系的外键删除
alter table student
drop constraint fk_student_parents_id_parents_id
go
--删除家长表上的主键
alter table parents
drop constraint pk_parents_id
go