友情提醒:本文实验环境 centos 6.6 X86_64 + vmware 10,文中命令请谨慎使用
一 关于keepalived的理论
待补
二 实验拓扑和实验环境设定:
主机 |
主机名和IP |
角色 |
Test06 |
Test06.lijun.com eth2:172.16.100.6/24 |
后台web服务器,提供HTTPD服务 |
Test07 |
Test07.lijun.com eth2:172.16.100.7/24 |
后台web服务器,提供HTTPD服务 |
Test03 |
Test03.lijun.com eth1:192.168.100.3/24 eth2:172.16.100.3/24 |
前台调度器 |
Test04 |
Test04.lijun.com eth1:192.168.100.4/24 eth2:172.16.100.4/24 |
前台调度器 |
client |
192.168.100.100/24 |
测试机 |
IP:192.168.100.10/24 虚拟的后台web资源IP,是client访问的唯一地址 IP:172.16.100.10/24 下文lvs高可用时虚拟的DIP地址 |
实验拓扑:
三 keepalived实现LVS调度器高可用
*lvs使用NET网络模型
1)后台web服务器设定:
Test07上:
#关闭iptables和selinux防止干扰实验 [root@Test07 ~]#serivce iptables stop [root@Test07 ~]#setenforce 0 #设定ip [root@Test07 ~]#ip link set up dev eth2 [root@Test07 ~]#ip addr 172.16.100.7/24 dev eth2 #因做的lvs的nat模型,故设定该路由 [root@Test07 ~]#ip route add default via 172.16.100.10 #安装httpd软件,并设定主页内容 [root@Test07 ~]#yum -y install httpd [root@Test07 ~]#echo "<h1>Test07,ip address is 100.7</h1>">/var/www/html/index.html #启动httpd服务 [root@Test07 ~]#service httpd start
Test06 上:
#同上不解释 [root@Test06 ~]#serivce iptables stop [root@Test06 ~]#setenforce 0 [root@Test06 ~]#ip link set up dev eth2 [root@Test06 ~]#ip addr 172.16.100.6/24 dev eth2 [root@Test06 ~]#ip route add default via 172.16.100.10 [root@Test06 ~]#yum -y install httpd [root@Test06 ~]#echo "<h1>This is Test06,my ip address is 172.16.100.6</h1>">/var/www/html/index.html [root@Test06 ~]#service httpd start
2)Test03调度器环境的设定:
#关闭iptables和selinux放置干扰实验,另做为lvs调度器必须清空input链规则 [root@Test03 ~]#service iptables stop [root@Test03 ~]#setenforce 0 #因为做lvs nat模型调度器故设定IPv4的数据包转发 [root@Test03 ~]#echo 1>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward #设定IP地址 [root@Test03 ~]#ip addr add 172.16.100.3/24 dev eth2 [root@Test03 ~]#ip addr add 192.168.100.3/24 dev eth1 #增加kpadmin用户,用来接受邮件使用 [root@Test03 ~]#useradd kpadmin [root@Test03 ~]#echo 'redhat' | passwd --stdin kpadmin
测试同后台web服务器的连通性:
3)Test03上keepalived的设定:
#从centos6.4开始keepalive就成为系统安装树的成员,这样使用yum直接安装 [root@Test03 ~]#yum -y install keepalived [root@Test03 ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/ #备份配置文件,这是一个好习惯 [root@Test03 keepalived]# cp keepalived.conf{,.bak}
[root@Test03 keepalived]#vim keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived #全局设定,关于警示邮件的发送设定 global_defs { notification_email { [email protected] } notification_email_from [email protected] smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVSFOR80 } #定义对lvs调度器本身的检查方式 vrrp_script chk_mt_down { script "[[ -f /var/lock/subsys/lvsdown ]] && exit 1 || exit 0" interval 1 weight -5 } #定义vrrp虚拟资源组,很明显这台机器做主节点 vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth1 virtual_router_id 57 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass VI1pass } #因为是lvs nat模型,故这里的资源IP设定2个一个是vip一个是dip virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.100.10/24 dev eth1 label eth1:0 172.16.100.10/24 dev eth2 label eth2:0 } track_script { chk_mt_down } } #这里定义lvs的集群 virtual_server 192.168.100.10 80 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind NAT nat_mask 255.255.255.0 protocol TCP real_server 172.16.100.6 80 { weight 1 #使用HTTP_GET方式检查后台服务器的存活 HTTP_GET { url { path /index.html status_code 200 } connect_timeout 2 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 1 } } real_server 172.16.100.7 80 { weight 1 HTTP_GET { url { path /index.html status_code 200 } connect_timeout 2 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 1 } } } [root@Test03 keepalived]#service keepalived start
观察资源Ip的设定:
4)Test04调度器上环境设定:
#同上2)不解释 [root@Test04 ~]#service iptables stop [root@Test04 ~]#setenforce 0 [root@Test04 ~]#echo 1>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward [root@Test04 ~]#ip addr add 172.16.100.4/24 dev eth2 [root@Test04 ~]#ip addr add 192.168.100.4/24 dev eth1 [root@Test04 ~]#useradd kpadmin [root@Test04 ~]#echo 'redhat' | passwd --stdin kpadmin
5)Test04上keepalived的设定:
[root@Test04 ~]#yum -y install keepalived #为保证配置文件中特殊部分的设定,这里直接copyTest03的配置,并进行更改 [root@Test04 ~]#scp 192.168.100.3:/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
[root@Test04 ~]#vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { [email protected] } notification_email_from [email protected] smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVSFOR80 } vrrp_script chk_mt_down { script "[[ -f /var/lock/subsys/lvsdown ]] && exit 1 || exit 0" interval 1 weight -5 } #Test03是主节点,这台Test04做辅助节点使用 vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface eth1 virtual_router_id 57 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass VI1pass } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.100.10/24 dev eth1 label eth1:0 172.16.100.10/24 dev eth2 label eth2:0 } track_script { chk_mt_down } } virtual_server 192.168.100.10 80 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind NAT nat_mask 255.255.255.0 protocol TCP real_server 172.16.100.6 80 { weight 1 HTTP_GET { url { path /index.html status_code 200 } connect_timeout 2 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 1 } } real_server 172.16.100.7 80 { weight 1 HTTP_GET { url { path /index.html status_code 200 } connect_timeout 2 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 1 } } } [root@Test04 ~]#service keepalived start
6)客户端访问观察:
7)在主节点Test03上建立lvsdown文件观察资源IP的转移情况
8)客户端访问测试:
9)在主节点Test03上删除lvsdown文件,观察资源IP的是否会转移:
10)将后台web服务停止一台,看下客户端通过lvs能访问什么呢:
四 keepalived 实现nginx代理调度器的高可用
*这里nginx只实现简单的代理功能
实验环境接上文
11)设定nginx 的代理功能:
nginx的安装这里忽略,请自行准备,这里给出nginx的配置文件,莫喷我,懒!!!
Test03,Test04上均安装nginx,均使用下面的配置文件
# grep -E -v '(^[[:space:]]{0,}#|^$)' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { upstream backwebserver { server 172.16.100.6 weight=1; server 172.16.100.7 weight=1; } include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { proxy_pass http://backwebserver/; } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } } } #/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
12)Test03上的设定keepalived
#恢复机器环境 [root@Test03 ~]#echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward [root@Test03 ~]#ifconfig down eth1 [root@Test03 ~]#ifconfig eth1 192.168.100.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 up [root@Test03 ~]#ifconfig down eth2 [root@Test03 ~]#ifconfig eth2 172.16.100.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 up [root@Test03 ~]#service keepalived stop [root@Test03 ~]# ipvsadm -C
#恢复keepalive的主机环境 [root@Test03 ~]#cd /etc/keepalived/ [root@Test03 keepalived]#rm -rf keepalived.conf [root@Test03 keepalived]#cp keepalived.conf.bak keepalived.conf
#从新定义keepalived
[root@Test03 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
kpadmin@localhost
}
notification_email_from kaadmin@localhost
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVSFOR80
}
#这是定义对nginx的检测,并做为资源IP是否转移的依据
vrrp_script chk_nginx {
script "killall -0 nginx &> /dev/null"
interval 1
weight -5
}
vrrp_instance no1 {
state MASTER
interface eth1
virtual_router_id 57
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass VI1pass
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.100.10/24 dev eth1 label eth1:0
}
track_script {
chk_nginx
}
#这里定义了2个命令,根据nginx的检查结果来执行,使用的脚本见下文
notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"
notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
}
#定义脚本,实现当nginx状态改变后,发送邮件通知
[root@Test03 keepalived]#touch notify.sh && chmod +x notify.sh
[root@Test03 keepalived]# vim notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
#The scripts userd for send mail when nginx change the state
vip=192.168.100.10
contact='kpadmin@localhost'
notify() {
mailsubject="`hostname` to be $1: $vip floating"
mailbody="`date '+%F %H:%M:%S'`: vrrp transition, `hostname` changed to be $1"
echo $mailbody | mail -s "$mailsubject" $contact
}
case "$1" in
master)
notify master
exit 0
;;
backup)
notify backup
exit 0
;;
*)
echo 'Usage: `basename $0` {master|backup}'
exit 1
;;
esac
[root@Test03 keepalived]# service keepalived start
13)Test04上的设定
#恢复环境设定
[root@Test04 ~]#echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward [root@Test04 ~]#ifconfig down eth1 [root@Test04 ~]#ifconfig eth1 192.168.100.4 netmask 255.255.255.0 up [root@Test04 ~]#ifconfig down eth2 [root@Test04 ~]#ifconfig eth2 172.16.100.4 netmask 255.255.255.0 up [root@Test04 ~]#service keepalived stop [root@Test04 ~]# ipvsadm -C [root@Test04 ~]#cd /etc/keepalived/ [root@Test04 keepalived]#rm -rf keepalived.conf [root@Test04 keepalived]#cp keepalived.conf.bak keepalived.conf
#从新定义keepalived
[root@Test04 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
kpadmin@localhost
}
notification_email_from kaadmin@localhost
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVSFOR80
}
vrrp_script chk_nginx {
script "killall -0 nginx &> /dev/null"
interval 1
weight -5
}
vrrp_instance no1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth1
virtual_router_id 57
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass VI1pass
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.100.10/24 dev eth1 label eth1:0
}
track_script {
chk_nginx
}
notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"
notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
}
[root@Test04 keepalived]# vim notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
#The scripts userd for send mail when nginx change the state
vip=192.168.100.10
contact='kpadmin@localhost'
notify() {
mailsubject="`hostname` to be $1: $vip floating"
mailbody="`date '+%F %H:%M:%S'`: vrrp transition, `hostname` changed to be $1"
echo $mailbody | mail -s "$mailsubject" $contact
}
case "$1" in
master)
notify master
exit 0
;;
backup)
notify backup
exit 0
;;
*)
echo 'Usage: `basename $0` {master|backup}'
exit 1
;;
esac
[root@Test04 keepalived]# service keepalived start
14)客户端测试:
15)停止主节点上nginx服务,观察资源IP的转移:
16)观察是否有邮件提醒:
17)启动Test03上的nginx看资源IP的情况
这两天在搞python的面向对象的编程,文章写的有点糙,见谅!!