采用fdisk在linux进行分区操作
采用fdisk在linux进行分区操作
在virtualBox中创建一个新的磁盘，登入到系统，执行fdisk -l（需要root权限）来查看磁盘信息。
root@mhchen-VirtualBox:~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x7845e939 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 * 2048 999423 997376 487M 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda2 1001470 16775167 15773698 7.5G 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1001472 16775167 15773696 7.5G 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
列出了两块磁盘信息，sda和sdb，分别为8G的磁盘空间，可以看出sdb为一块新创建的磁盘。
为sdb进行分区操作。通过执行 fdisk /dev/sdb命令
root@mhchen-VirtualBox:~# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.25.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Device does not contain a recognized partition table. Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0bbd6176. Command (m for help):
进入到command模式，输入m可查看帮助（以下为Ubuntu系统显示信息）
Command (m for help): m Help: DOS (MBR) a toggle a bootable flag b edit nested BSD disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag Generic d delete a partition l list known partition types n add a new partition p print the partition table t change a partition type v verify the partition table Misc m print this menu u change display/entry units x extra functionality (experts only) Save & Exit w write table to disk and exit q quit without saving changes Create a new label g create a new empty GPT partition table G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table o create a new empty DOS partition table s create a new empty Sun partition table Command (m for help):
n创建一个新的分区，p查看分区信息，t修改分区类型。执行如下步骤：n来创建一个新的分区，p创建主分区，p查看刚才分区信息。
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-16777215, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-16777215, default 16777215): =^H+2g
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 2 GiB.
Command (m for help):p
Disk /dev/sdb: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0bbd6176
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 4196351 4194304 2G 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): e
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (4196352-16777215, default 4196352):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (4196352-16777215, default 16777215):
Created a new partition 2 of type 'Extended' and of size 6 GiB.
Command (m for help):n
Partition type
p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (4198400-16777215, default 4198400):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (4198400-16777215, default 16777215): +2g
Created a new partition 5 of type 'Linux' and of size 2 GiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0bbd6176
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 4196351 4194304 2G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 4196352 16777215 12580864 6G 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 4198400 8392703 4194304 2G 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2,5, default 5): 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 83
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux'.
Command (m for help):w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
最后通过w来将以上的操作保存至硬盘中，也可通过q命令来放弃以上的分区操作。
最后通过执行ls /dev/sdb*来查看刚才的操作，partprobe命令更新下硬盘信息。
root@mhchen-VirtualBox:~# partprobe root@mhchen-VirtualBox:~# ls /dev/sdb* /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb5
root@mhchen-VirtualBox:~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x7845e939 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 * 2048 999423 997376 487M 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda2 1001470 16775167 15773698 7.5G 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1001472 16775167 15773696 7.5G 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x0bbd6176 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 2048 4196351 4194304 2G 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 4196352 16777215 12580864 6G 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 4198400 8392703 4194304 2G 83 Linux
root@mhchen-VirtualBox:~# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 11 0 1048575 sr0 8 0 8388608 sda 8 1 498688 sda1 8 5 7886848 sda5 8 16 8388608 sdb 8 17 2097152 sdb1 8 21 2097152 sdb5
通过以上3种命令都可以查看到刚才的分区操作结果。
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