GNU coreutils，被遗忘的角落。

每个linux的学习者都知道GNU/Linux是什么意思！那么我们在使用LINUX的过程中，到底感受的那个更多些？
我们在大学计算机的入门教程中，知道了什么叫“裸机”，没有操作系统的计算机硬件，也没有加电！除非其全部被重置。我的类比理解就是这样。
    比如我们日常所用的如题的软件套件集合，正如我们错误的将之遗忘一样！提起它，让它见到光明！

[root@localhost home]# rpm -qi coreutils-5.97-12.1.el5
Name        : coreutils                    Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version     : 5.97                              Vendor: Red Hat, Inc.
Release     : 12.1.el5                      Build Date: Tue 28 Nov 2006 12:47:12 AM CST
Install Date: Thu 19 Feb 2009 11:00:38 PM CST      Build Host: hs20-bc1-7.build.redhat.com
Group       : System Environment/Base       Source RPM: coreutils-5.97-12.1.el5.src.rpm
Size        : 9014708                          License: GPL
Signature   : DSA/SHA1, Thu 18 Jan 2007 12:58:22 AM CST, Key ID 5326810137017186
Packager    : Red Hat, Inc. < http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla>
URL         : http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/
Summary     : The GNU core utilities: a set of tools commonly used in shell scripts
Description :
These are the GNU core utilities.  This package is the combination of
the old GNU fileutils, sh-utils, and textutils packages.

它包含有三个基本的套件，文件、shell、文本，各包含的程序如下：

1、文件套件

• chgrp - Changes file group ownership.
• chown - Changes file ownership.
• chmod - Changes file permissions.
• cp - Copies files.
• dd - Copies and converts a file.
• df - Shows disk free space on filesystems.
• dir - Gives a brief directory listing.
• dircolors - Setup program for the color output of GNU ls.
• du - Shows disk usage on filesystems.
• install - Copies file and sets its permissions.
• ln - Creates file links.
• ls - Lists directory contents.
• mkdir - Creates directories.
• mkfifo - Creates FIFOs (named pipes).
• mknod - Creates special files.
• mv - Moves files.
• rm - Removes (deletes) files.
• rmdir - Removes empty directories.
• shred - Destroy data in files.
• sync - Synchronizes filesystem buffers and disk.
• touch - Changes file timestamps.
• vdir - Long directory listing.

2、shell套件

• [ - Check file types and compare values
• basename - Removes the path prefix from a given pathname.
• chroot - Changes the root directory.
• date - Prints/sets the system date and time.
• dirname - Removes the last level or filename from a given pathname.
• echo - Prints a line of text.
• env - Displays/modifies the environment.
• expr - Evaluates expressions.
• factor - Prints prime factors.
• false - Returns an unsuccessful exit status.
• groups - Print the groups that the user is a member of.
• hostid - Print the numeric identifier for the current host
• hostname - Print or set the machine name.
• id - Print real/effective uid/gid.
• logname - Print current login name.
• nice - Modify scheduling priority.
• nohup - Allows a command to continue running after logging out.
• pathchk - Check file name portability.
• pinky - Lightweight finger
• printenv - Prints environment variables.
• printf - Formats and prints data.
• pwd - Print the current working directory.
• seq - Print numeric sequences.
• sleep - Suspends execution for a specified time.
• stty - Print/change terminal settings.
• su - Allows you to adopt the id of another user or superuser.
• tee - Sends output to multiple files.
• test - Evaluates an expression.
• true - Returns a successful exit status.
• tty - Print terminal name.
• uname - Print system information.
• users - Print current user names.
• who - Print a list of all users currently logged in.
• whoami - Print effective user id.
• yes - Print a string repeatedly.

3、文本操作套件

• cat - concatenate files and print to the standard output
• cksum - checksum and count the bytes in a file
• comm - compare two sorted files line by line
• csplit - split a file into sections determined by context lines
• cut - remove sections from each line of files
• expand - convert tabs to spaces
• fmt - simple optimal text formatter
• fold - wrap each input line to fit in specified width
• join - join lines of two files on a common field
• md5sum - compute and check MD5 message digest
• nl - number lines of files
• od - dump files in octal and other formats
• paste - merge lines of files
• pr - convert text files for printing
• ptx - produce a permuted index of file contents
• sort - sort lines of text files
• split - split a file into pieces
• sum - checksum and count the blocks in a file
• tac - concatenate and print files in reverse
• tail - output the last part of files
• tr - translate or delete characters
• tsort - perform topological sort
• unexpand - convert spaces to tabs
• uniq - remove duplicate lines from a sorted file
• wc - print the number of bytes, words, and lines in files
• head - output the first part of files

看着这些工具，熟悉的面孔，每一个linux fans的基本技能！