DNS

DNS
  DOMAIN (域)
    *zone (正向)
    *zone (反向)
级域
  * 反向域
  * 组域:.com,.org,.net,.gov,.edu,.mil,
* 国家域:.cn,.jp,.tw,.hk,.vk,.iq,.vs
从此图我们可以清楚的看到DNS的递归查询和迭代查询。
DNS 服务器有三种:主DNS,从DNS和仅缓存的。
配置本地DNS
#dig �Ct  NS  .  > /var/named/named.ca ( 这步需在连接互联网时才会有内容)
#cd /var/named
#vim localhost.zone
$TTL    1D
@       1D      IN      SOA     localhost.      root.localhost. (
                                                                2010080301
                                                                3M
                                                                1M
                                                                7D
                                                                1D )
@       IN      NS      localhost.
localhost.      IN      A       127.0.0.1
 
#vi named.local
$TTL    1D
@       1D      IN      SOA     localhost.      root.localhost. (
                                                                2010080301
                                                                3M
                                                                1M
                                                                7D
                                                                1D )
@       IN      NS      localhost.
1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.         IN      PTR     localhost.
 
#vi /etc/named.conf
options {
          directory "/var/named";
        };
zone "." IN {
                type hint;
                file "named.ca";
            };
zone "localhost" IN {
                        type master;
                        file "localhost.zone";
                    };
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
                                   type master;
                                   file "named.local";
                                };
这时还需改权限:
#chgrp named /etc/named.conf
#chgrp named local.zone named.ca named.local
#service named start
下面来创建个主DNS
首先创建的和本地DNS一样,但还需在/etc/named.conf中加入:
zone "example.com" IN {
                         type master;
                         file "example.com.zone";
                      };
zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
                                     type master;
                                     file "192.168.0.zone";
                                 };
 
然后创建区域文件:
#cd /var/named
#vim example.com.zone
$TTL 1D
$ORIGIN  example.com.
@       86400   IN      SOA     ns.example.com.         root.example.com. (
                                                                           2010080301
                                                                           3M
                                                                           1M
                                                                           7D
                                                                           1D )
        IN      NS      ns
        IN      MX      10 mail1
        IN      MX      20 mail2
ns      IN      A       192.168.0.54
mail1   IN      A       192.168.0.55
mail2   IN      A       192.168.0.56
www     IN      A       192.168.0.57
web     IN      CNAME   www
 
#vi  192.168.0.zone
$TTL 1D
$ORIGIN  0.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
@       86400   IN      SOA     ns.example.com.         root.example.com. (
                                                                           2010080301
                                                                           3M
                                                                           1M
                                                                           7D
                                                                           1D )
        IN      NS      ns
54      IN      PTR     ns
55      IN      PTR     mail1
56      IN      PTR     mail2
57      IN      PTR     www
 
#chown  :named example.zone  192.168.0.zone
#service named configtest( 测试语法的)
#service named restart
下面来测试下:
#netstat �Ctunlp | grep 53
#host �Ct  SOA example.com
#dig �Ct axfr example.com
 
DNS的配置:
修改/etc/named.conf中的
zone "example.com" IN {
                         type master;
                         file "example.com.zone";
                         master { 192.168.0.54; };
                      };
zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
                                     type master;
                                     file "192.168.0.zone";
                                     master { 192.168.0.54; };
                                 };
还需在example.zone中添加:
           IN     NS     ns2
ns2        IN     A      192.168.0.78
还要在反向文件192.168.0.zone中添加:
IN     NS     ns2
  78        IN     NS     ns2
  现在可以重启服务器了
#service named restart
这样就把从服务器完成了。
可以通过查看日志的方法来检测主DNS和从DNS数据是否同步了
#tail �Cf  /var/log/messages
在区域中定义: allow-transfer {  192.168.0.54 };
                              allow-query { }
                              allow-notify { }
地址匹配列表: 192.168.1.0 可写成:
                                     192.168.1
                                     192.168.1/24
由于 allow-query { 192.168.0/24; 192.168.1/24; };
         这样写须在每个 zone 中写太麻烦,简单方法:
         acl  “innet” {  192.168.0/24; 192.168.1/24; };
         acl  “trust” { 192.168.3/24; innet; };
这些 acl 须在 options 前面定义,这样你就可以在 zone 中使用 allow-query { innet; }

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