#include <stdio.h>//标准输入输出
#include <stdlib.h>//C标准函数库
#include <unistd.h>//Unix类系统定义符号常量
#include <fcntl.h>//定义了很多宏和open,fcntl函数原型
#define BUFFERSIZE 4096//定义存储器容量
#define COPYMODE 0644//定义复制的长度
void oops(char *, char *);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int in_fd, out_fd, n_chars;//三个描述符值
char buf[BUFFERSIZE];//存储器位置
/*cp的参数有两个,分别是要复制的文件,和目的目录,这样一共应该是有三个操作数 所以要先检查argc的值是否为三,如果不是,返回标准错误*/
if (argc != 3) {
fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s source destination\n", *argv);
exit(1);
}/*检查cp的第一个参数,要复制的文件,用open打开,in_fd为open返回的描述符 如果返回-1,代表打开失败,提示错误*/
if ((in_fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) == -1)
oops("Cannot open ", argv[1]);
/*检查cp的第二个参数,复制的目的地址,用create在目的地址创建新文件,out_fd为open返回的描述符 如果返回-1,代表创建失败,提示错误*/
if ((out_fd = creat(argv[2], COPYMODE)) == -1)
oops("Cannot creat", argv[2]);
while ((n_chars = read(in_fd, buf, BUFFERSIZE)) > 0)
if (write(out_fd, buf, n_chars) != n_chars)
oops("Write error to ", argv[2]);
if (n_chars == -1)
oops("Read error from ", argv[1]);
if (close(in_fd) == -1 || close(out_fd) == -1)
oops("Error closing files", "");
}/*这个是用来输出错误信息的函数*/
void oops(char *s1, char *s2)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s ", s1);
error(s2);//用来将上一个函数发生错误的原因输出到标准设备(stderr)
exit(1);
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <termios.h>
int main()
{
struct termios info;
int rv;
rv = tcgetattr( 0, &info ); /* read values from driver */
if ( rv == -1 ){
perror( "tcgetattr");
exit(1);
}
if ( info.c_lflag & ECHO )
printf(" echo is on , since its bit is 1\n");
else
printf(" echo is OFF, since its bit is 0\n");
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
void show_stat_info(char *, struct stat *);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct stat info;
if (argc>1)
{
if( stat(argv[1], &info) != -1 ){
show_stat_info( argv[1], &info );
return 0;
}
else
perror(argv[1]);
}
return 1;
}
void show_stat_info(char *fname, struct stat *buf)
{
printf(" mode: %o\n", buf->st_mode);
printf(" links: %d\n", buf->st_nlink);
printf(" user: %d\n", buf->st_uid);
printf(" group: %d\n", buf->st_gid);
printf(" size: %d\n", (int)buf->st_size);
printf("modtime: %d\n", (int)buf->st_mtime);
printf(" name: %s\n", fname );
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
int main()
{
struct stat infobuf;
if ( stat( "/etc/passwd", &infobuf) == -1 )
perror("/etc/passwd");
else
printf(" The size of /etc/passwd is %d\n", infobuf.st_size );
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <dirent.h>
void do_ls(char []);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
/*如果操作数只有1个,表明ls后面没有带参数,默认为当前目录,.表示当前目录。*/
if ( argc == 1 )
do_ls( "." );
/*如果ls后面有参数,就把参数读入argv中。*/
else
while ( --argc ){
printf("%s:\n", *++argv );
do_ls( *argv );
}
return 0;
}/*因为ls和dir功能相近,用dir来实现ls*/
void do_ls( char dirname[] )
{
DIR *dir_ptr;
struct dirent *direntp;
/*如果没有指向的那个地址,报错*/
if ( ( dir_ptr = opendir( dirname ) ) == NULL )
fprintf(stderr,"ls1: cannot open %s\n", dirname);
else
{
/*递归的方式来读取*/
while ( ( direntp = readdir( dir_ptr ) ) != NULL )
printf("%s\n", direntp->d_name );
closedir(dir_ptr);
}
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <termios.h>
#define oops(s,x) { perror(s); exit(x); }
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct termios info;
if ( argc == 1 )
exit(0);
if ( tcgetattr(0,&info) == -1 ) /* get attribs */
oops("tcgettattr", 1);
if ( argv[1][0] == 'y' )
info.c_lflag |= ECHO ; /* turn on bit *//*打开提示符*/
else
info.c_lflag &= ~ECHO ; /* turn off bit *//*隐藏提示符*/
if ( tcsetattr(0,TCSANOW,&info) == -1 ) /* set attribs */
oops("tcsetattr",2);
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <dirent.h>
ino_t get_inode(char *);
void printpathto(ino_t);
void inum_to_name(ino_t , char *, int );
int main()
{
printpathto( get_inode( "." ) );
putchar('\n');
return 0;
}
void printpathto( ino_t this_inode )
{
ino_t my_inode ;
char its_name[BUFSIZ];
if ( get_inode("..") != this_inode )
{
chdir( ".." );
inum_to_name(this_inode,its_name,BUFSIZ);
my_inode = get_inode( "." );
printpathto( my_inode );
printf("/%s", its_name );
}
}
void inum_to_name(ino_t inode_to_find , char *namebuf, int buflen)
{
DIR *dir_ptr;
struct dirent *direntp;
dir_ptr = opendir( "." );
if ( dir_ptr == NULL ){
perror( "." );
exit(1);
}
while ( ( direntp = readdir( dir_ptr ) ) != NULL )
if ( direntp->d_ino == inode_to_find )
{
strncpy( namebuf, direntp->d_name, buflen);
namebuf[buflen-1] = '\0';
closedir( dir_ptr );
return;
}
fprintf(stderr, "error looking for inum %d\n", (int) inode_to_find);
exit(1);
}
ino_t get_inode( char *fname )
{
struct stat info;
if ( stat( fname , &info ) == -1 ){
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot stat ");
perror(fname);
exit(1);
}
return info.st_ino;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
int main()
{
struct winsize size;
if( isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) == 0)
exit(1);
if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &size) < 0) {
perror("ioctl TIOCGWINSZ error");
exit(1);
}
printf("%d rows %d columns\n", size.ws_row, size.ws_col);
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <utmp.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define SHOWHOST
int show_info( struct utmp *utbufp )
{
printf("%-8.8s", utbufp->ut_name);
printf(" ");
printf("%-8.8s", utbufp->ut_line);
printf(" ");
printf("%10ld", utbufp->ut_time);
printf(" ");
#ifdef SHOWHOST
printf("(%s)", utbufp->ut_host);
#endif
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
int main()
{
struct utmp current_record;
int utmpfd;
int reclen = sizeof(current_record);
/*打开UTMP_FILE读取信息,如果打开失败则输出失败信息。*/
if ( (utmpfd = open(UTMP_FILE, O_RDONLY)) == -1 ){
perror( UTMP_FILE );
exit(1);
}
/*读取信息到存储器中,reclen就是是读的字节数,然后再调用函数打印出来。*/
while ( read(utmpfd, ¤t_record, reclen) == reclen )
show_info(¤t_record);
close(utmpfd);
return 0;
}