Oracle442个应用场景-----------数据库逻辑对象管理 应用场景


应用场景128:创建临时表

创建一个保存临时选择商品信息的临时表temp_goods

CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE temp_goods
(GoodsId   NUMBER,
GoodsNum  NUMBER,
Price   NUMBER)
ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;

创建一个临时表空间

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tbs_t1
TEMPFILE 'tbs_t1.f' SIZE 50m REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON
MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 64K;

在表空间tb_t1中创建temp_goods1;

CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE temp_goods1
(GoodsId   NUMBER,
GoodsNum  NUMBER,
Price   NUMBER)
ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS
TABLESPACE tbs_t1;

应用场景129:查看表信息的系统视图

COL TABLE_NAME FORMAT A10
COL COLUMN_NAME FORMAT A10
COL DATA_TYPE FORMAT A10
SELECT TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME, DATA_TYPE, DATA_LENGTH, LAST_ANALYZED
FROM DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'EMPLOYEES';

应用场景130:在Enterprise Manager中修改表

应用场景131使用DESC语句查看表结果

查看表employee结果的语句如下:

DESC SYSTEM.Employee

使用场景132:使用ALTER TABLE语句向表中添加列

ALTER TABLE SYSTEM.Departments ADD (Description VARCHAR2(1000));

应用场景133:使用ALTER TABLE语句修改列名

ALTER TABLE SYSTEM.Departments
RENAME COLUMN Description TO Descript;

应用场景134:使用ALTER TABLE语句删除队列

ALTER TABLE HRMAN.Departments
RENAME COLUMN Description TO Descript;

应用场景136:创建和验证主键约束

ALTER TABLE HRMAN.Departments ADD (Description varchar2(1000));
DESC HRMAN.Departments;
ALTER TABLE HRMAN.Departments
SET UNUSED (Description);
DESC HRMAN.Departments;
删除表中所有不可用列:
ALTER TABLE HRMAN.Departments
DROP UNUSED COLUMNS;


应用场景137:创建和验证非空约束

创建表user2并指定username列和userpwd列为非空约束

CREATE TABLE HRMAN.Users2
  (UserId    NUMBER,
   UserName       VARCHAR2(40) NOT NULL,
   UserPwd        VARCHAR2(40) NOT NULL,
   CONSTRAINT PK_USERID PRIMARY KEY(UserId)
  );

将约束中的username列设置为 not null

ALTER TABLE HRMAN.Users MODIFY UserName NOT NULL;

使用下面的语句可以将列设置为空:

ALTER TABLE HRMAN.Users MODIFY UserName NULL;

向表user2中插入数据器username值为null:

INSERT INTO HRMAN.Users2 (UserId, UserPwd) VALUES(1,'123456');


应用场景138:创建验证唯一约束

在uername上建立唯一约束:

CREATE TABLE Users3
  (UserId  Number Primary Key,
   UserName       Varchar2(40) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
   UserPwd        Varchar2(40) NOT NULL
  );
创建user4,其结构与表user完全相同:
CREATE TABLE HRMAN.Users4
  (UserId    NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
   UserName       VRCHAR2(40),
   UserPwd        VARCHAR2(40),
   CONSTRAINT UK_USERNAME UNIQUE(UserName)
  );

将表user的username列设置唯一约束:
ALTER TABLE HRMAN. Users
ADD CONSTRAINT UK_USERNAME1
UNIQUE(UserName);

使用insert向表user中插入两条记录使他们列值是重复的:username=test-》

INSERT INTO HRMAN.Users VALUES(100, 'test', 'test');
INSERT INTO HRMAN.Users VALUES(101, 'test', '1234');


应用场景139:创建验证检查约束

在username列上定义检查约束:
CREATE TABLE HRMAN.Users5
  (UserId    number PRIMARY KEY,
   UserName       varchar2(40),
   UserPwd        varchar2(40)
   CONSTRAINT CK_USERPWD CHECK(LENGTH(UserPwd)>=6)
  );

使用alter创建检查约束:

ALTER TABLE HRMAN. Users
ADD CONSTRAINT CK_USERPWD1 CHECK(LENGTH(UserPwd)>=6);

使用insert插入记录是userpwd的列值得长度小于6:

INSERT INTO HRMAN.Users VALUES(102, 'user', 'pwd');

应用场景140:创建和验证外键约束

为表departments的dep_id列和表employee的dep_id列创建外键约束fk_emp_depid:、

ALTER TABLE HRMAN.Employees
ADD CONSTRAINT FK_EMP_DEPID
FOREIGN KEY(Dep_id) REFERENCES HRMAN.Departments(Dep_id);

向表中插入一条记录:

INSERT INTO HRMAN.Employees (Emp_id, Emp_name, Dep_id)
VALUES (1, 'Johney', 3);

应用场景141:设置DEFAULT列的属性

创建表users6,设置userpwd的默认值为:11111:

CREATE TABLE HRMAN.Users6
  (UserId         Number Primary Key,
   UserName          Varchar2(40) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
   UserPwd           Varchar2(40) DEFAULT('111111')
   );

向表中插入一条记录:

INSERT INTO HRMAN.Users6 (UserId, UserName) VALUES(1, 'user');

应用场景142:删除表

DROP TABLE HRMAN.USERS;

应用场景143:在Enterprise Manager中查看和管理视图

应用场景144:在Enterprise Manager中创建视图

SELECT e.Emp_Id, e.Emp_Name, d.Dep_Name
FROM HRMAN.Employees e, HRMAN.Departments d
WHERE e.Dep_Id=d.Dep_Id

应用场景145:使用create view

创建视图v_emp1

CREATE VIEW HRMAN.V_EMP
AS
SELECT e.Emp_Id, e.Emp_Name, d.Dep_Name
FROM HRMAN.Employees e, HRMAN.Departments d
WHERE e.Dep_Id=d.Dep_Id;

查看用户hrman的视图以及其定义的文本信息:

SELECT VIEW_NAME, TEXT FROM DBA_VIEWS
WHERE OWNER='HRMAN';


应用场景146:修改视图

修改视图hrman.v_emp1:

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW HRMAN.V_EMP
AS
SELECT e.Emp_Id, e.Emp_Name, e.Sex, e.Wage, d.Dep_Name
FROM HRMAN.Employees e, HRMAN.Departments d
WHERE e.Dep_Id=d.Dep_Id;

应用场景147:删除视图

DROP view HR.v_emp1;

应用场景148:在Enterprise Manager中的索引管理页面

应用场景149:在Enterprise Manager中创建索引

应用场景150:

使用表空间users保存索引:

CREATE INDEX HRMAN.IX_EMPNAME ON HRMAN.EMPLOYEES(EMP_NAME)
TABLESPACE Users;

为表HRMAN。Enmployees的列IDCard创建唯一索引:

CREATE INDEX HRMAN. UQ_IDCARD ON HRMAN.EMPLOYEES(IDCARD)
TABLESPACE Users;

查看hrman所拥有的视图及其定义文本信息:

SELECT INDEX_NAME, TABLE_NAME FROM DBA_INDEXES
WHERE OWNER='HRMAN';

应用场景151:修改索引

ALTER INDEX HRMAN.IX_EMPNAME UNUSABLE;

ALTER INDEX HRMAN.IX_EMPNAME REBUILD;

ALTER INDEX HRMAN.IX_EMPNAME RENAME TO IX_EMPNAME_1;

应用场景152:删除索引

DROP INDEX HRMAN.IX_EMPNAME_1;

应用场景153:在Enterprise Manager中查看和管理实体化视图

应用场景154:在Enterprise Manager中创建视图

应用场景155:使用CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW 语句创建实体化视图

创建实体化mv_emp1:

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW HRMAN.MV_EMP1
REFRESH FORCE
ON DEMAND
AS
SELECT e.Emp_Id, e.Emp_Name, d.Dep_Name
FROM HRMAN.Employees e, HRMAN.Departments d
WHERE e.Dep_Id=d.Dep_Id;

应用场景156:修改视图

将刷新类型设置为CONPLETE:
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW HRMAN.MV_EMP
REFRESH COMPLETE
ON DEMAND;

应用场景157:删除实体化视图

DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW HRMAN.MV_EMP;

 

应用场景158:创建簇

CREATE CLUSTER HRMAN.HrCluster (dep_id NUMBER)
    PCTUSED 80            
    PCTFREE 5             
    SIZE 500              
    TABLESPACE users       
    STORAGE (INITIAL 200K
    NEXT 300K             
    MINEXTENTS 2         
    MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED        
    PCTINCREASE 33);   

应用场景159:创建簇表

在簇HRMAN.HrCluster中创建DeptInfo:

CREATE TABLE HRMAN.DeptInfo
(
   Dep_id   NUMBER  PRIMARY KEY, 
   Dep_name      VARCHAR2(100) NOT NULL
)
CLUSTER HRMAN.HrCluster(Dep_id);


在HRMAN.HrCluster中创建表EmpInfo:

CREATE TABLE HRMAN.EmpInfo
  (
   Emp_id   NUMBER  PRIMARY KEY,
   Emp_name     VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
   Sex        VARCHAR2(2),
   Title        VARCHAR2(50),
   Wage   NUMBER(8, 2),
   IdCard   VARCHAR2(20),
   Dep_id   NUMBER 
  )
CLUSTER HRMAN.HrCluster(Dep_id);

应用场景160:使用DBA_CLUSTERS视图查看簇的信息

查看HRMAN中的簇表列信息:

COL CLUSTER_NAME FORMAT A20
COL OWNER FORMAT A20
COL TABLESPACE_NAME FORMAT A20
SELECT CLUSTER_NAME, OWNER, TABLESPACE_NAME, CLUSTER_TYPE FROM DBA_CLUSTERS;

应用场景161:使用DBA_CLU_COLUMNS视图查看簇表的列信息

COL OWNER FORMAT A10
COL CLUSTER_NAME FORMAT A15
COL CLU_COLUMN_NAME FORMAT A10
COL TABLE_NAME FORMAT A10
COL TAB_COLUMN_NAME FORMAT A15
SELECT * FROM DBA_CLU_COLUMNS
WHERE OWNER='HRMAN';

应用场景162:创建簇索引

在村HRMAN.HrCluster上创建簇索引:

CREATE INDEX HRMAN.IX_EMP_DEPT
    ON CLUSTER HRMAN.HrCluster
    TABLESPACE  users
    STORAGE (INITIAL 50K
    NEXT 50K             
    MINEXTENTS 2         
    MAXEXTENTS 10        
    PCTINCREASE 33);   

应用场景163:修改簇

ALTER CLUSTER HRMAN.HrCluster
    PCTUSED 60
    PCTFREE 30;

应用场景164:删除簇

DROP CLUSTER HRMAN.HrCluster
INCLUDING TABLES
CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;


应用场景165:创建散列簇

在HRMAN方案上创建散列簇HashCluster:

CREATE TABLE HRMAN.Area
(
    AreaId      NUMBER(5, 0)  PRIMARY KEY,
    AreaName     VARCHAR2(200),
    UpperId  NUMBER(5, 0)
)  
CLUSTER HRMAN.HashCluster(AreaId);

在散列簇上创建表area用于保存地域信息

CREATE CLUSTER STCluster (Id NUMBER)
SIZE 512 SINGLE TABLE HASHKEYS 500;

应用场景166:控制散列簇的空间使用

应用场景167:估算散列簇所需要的空间大小

应用场景168:修改和删除散列簇

应用场景169:使用DBA_CLUSTER_HASH_EXPRESSIONS视图查看散列函数

SELECT * FROM DBA_CLUSTER_HASH_EXPRESSIONS;

应用场景170:创建序列

CREATE SEQUENCE HRMAN.EMP_S
MINVALUE 1
NOMAXVALUE
START WITH 1
INCREMENT BY 1
NOCYCLE
CACHE 20;

应用场景171:修改序列

ALTER SEQUENCE HRMAN.EMP_S
MAXVALUE 10000;

应用场景172:删除序列

DROP SEQUENCE HRMAN.EMP_S;

应用场景173:序列的使用

CREATE SEQUENCE HRMAN.USER_S
MINVALUE 1
NOMAXVALUE
START WITH 1
INCREMENT BY 1
NOCYCLE
CACHE 20;

INSERT INTO HRMAN.USERS VALUES(HRMAN.USER_S.NEXTVAL, 'admin', 'pass');

应用场景174:创建同义词

CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM HrEmployees FOR HRMAN.Employees;

应用场景175:使用系统视图DBA_SYNONYMS查看同义词的信息

COL OWNER FORMAT A10
COL SYNONYM_NAME FORMAT A10
COL TABLE_OWNER FORMAT A10
COL TABLE_NAME FORMAT A10
COL DB_LINK FORMAT A10
SELECT * FROM DBA_SYNONYMS
WHERE TABLE_NAME='EMPLOYEES';

应用场景176:在DML语句中使用同义词

COL EMP_NAME FORMAT A20
COL TITLE FORMAT A10
SELECT Emp_name, Title, Wage FROM HrEmployees;


应用场景177:删除同义词

DROP PUBLIC SYNONYM HrEmployees;

 

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