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大家在Android项目中或多或少的都会使用数据库,为了提高我们的开发效率,当然少不了数据库ORM框架了,尤其是某些数据库操作特别频繁的app;本篇博客将详细介绍ORMLite的简易用法。
下面开始介绍ORMLite的入门用法~
首先去ORMLite官网下载jar包,对于Android为:ormlite-android-4.48.jar 和 ormlite-core-4.48.jar ;
ps:访问不了的朋友,文章末尾会把jar、源码、doc与本篇博客例子一起打包提供给大家下载。
有了jar,我们直接新建一个项目为:zhy_ormlite,然后把jar拷贝到libs下。
然后新建一个包:com.zhy.zhy_ormlite.bean专门用于存放项目中的Bean,首先新建一个User.java
package com.zhy.zhy_ormlite.bean; import com.j256.ormlite.field.DatabaseField; import com.j256.ormlite.table.DatabaseTable; @DatabaseTable(tableName = "tb_user") public class User { @DatabaseField(generatedId = true) private int id; @DatabaseField(columnName = "name") private String name; @DatabaseField(columnName = "desc") private String desc; public User() { } public User(String name, String desc) { this.name = name; this.desc = desc; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getDesc() { return desc; } public void setDesc(String desc) { this.desc = desc; } }
然后分别在属性上添加@DatabaseField(columnName = "name") ,columnName的值为该字段在数据中的列名
@DatabaseField(generatedId = true) ,generatedId 表示id为主键且自动生成
原生的数据库操作,需要继承SQLiteOpenHelper,这里我们需要继承OrmLiteSqliteOpenHelper,看代码:
package com.zhy.zhy_ormlite.db; import java.sql.SQLException; import android.content.Context; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import com.j256.ormlite.android.apptools.OrmLiteSqliteOpenHelper; import com.j256.ormlite.dao.Dao; import com.j256.ormlite.support.ConnectionSource; import com.j256.ormlite.table.TableUtils; import com.zhy.zhy_ormlite.bean.User; public class DatabaseHelper extends OrmLiteSqliteOpenHelper { private static final String TABLE_NAME = "sqlite-test.db"; /** * userDao ,每张表对于一个 */ private Dao<User, Integer> userDao; private DatabaseHelper(Context context) { super(context, TABLE_NAME, null, 2); } @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase database, ConnectionSource connectionSource) { try { TableUtils.createTable(connectionSource, User.class); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase database, ConnectionSource connectionSource, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { try { TableUtils.dropTable(connectionSource, User.class, true); onCreate(database, connectionSource); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private static DatabaseHelper instance; /** * 单例获取该Helper * * @param context * @return */ public static synchronized DatabaseHelper getHelper(Context context) { if (instance == null) { synchronized (DatabaseHelper.class) { if (instance == null) instance = new DatabaseHelper(context); } } return instance; } /** * 获得userDao * * @return * @throws SQLException */ public Dao<User, Integer> getUserDao() throws SQLException { if (userDao == null) { userDao = getDao(User.class); } return userDao; } /** * 释放资源 */ @Override public void close() { super.close(); userDao = null; } }
这里我们需要继承OrmLiteSqliteOpenHelper,其实就是间接继承了SQLiteOpenHelper
然后需要实现两个方法:
1、onCreate(SQLiteDatabase database,ConnectionSource connectionSource)
创建表,我们直接使用ormlite提供的TableUtils.createTable(connectionSource, User.class);进行创建~
2、onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase database, ConnectionSource connectionSource, int oldVersion, int newVersion)
更新表,使用ormlite提供的TableUtils.dropTable(connectionSource, User.class, true);进行删除操作~
删除完成后,别忘了,创建操作:onCreate(database, connectionSource);
然后使用单例公布出一个创建实例的方法,getHelper用于获取我们的help实例;
最后我们可能会有很多表嘛,每个表一般我们都会单独写个Dao用于操作,这里为了简单我并没有抽取出来,直接写在helper中:
比如UserDao的获取:
/** * 获得userDao * * @return * @throws SQLException */ public Dao<User, Integer> getUserDao() throws SQLException { if (userDao == null) { userDao = getDao(User.class); } return userDao; }
最后是测试,我们直接创建了一个测试类进行测试~~~
package com.zhy.zhy_ormlite.test; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.List; import com.zhy.zhy_ormlite.bean.User; import com.zhy.zhy_ormlite.db.DatabaseHelper; import android.test.AndroidTestCase; import android.util.Log; public class OrmLiteDbTest extends AndroidTestCase { public void testAddUser() { User u1 = new User("zhy", "2B青年"); DatabaseHelper helper = DatabaseHelper.getHelper(getContext()); try { helper.getUserDao().create(u1); u1 = new User("zhy2", "2B青年"); helper.getUserDao().create(u1); u1 = new User("zhy3", "2B青年"); helper.getUserDao().create(u1); u1 = new User("zhy4", "2B青年"); helper.getUserDao().create(u1); u1 = new User("zhy5", "2B青年"); helper.getUserDao().create(u1); u1 = new User("zhy6", "2B青年"); helper.getUserDao().create(u1); testList(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void testDeleteUser() { DatabaseHelper helper = DatabaseHelper.getHelper(getContext()); try { helper.getUserDao().deleteById(2); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void testUpdateUser() { DatabaseHelper helper = DatabaseHelper.getHelper(getContext()); try { User u1 = new User("zhy-android", "2B青年"); u1.setId(3); helper.getUserDao().update(u1); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void testList() { DatabaseHelper helper = DatabaseHelper.getHelper(getContext()); try { User u1 = new User("zhy-android", "2B青年"); u1.setId(2); List<User> users = helper.getUserDao().queryForAll(); Log.e("TAG", users.toString()); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
用起来是不是还是非常方便的,不过还是建议大家例如User的数据库操作,单独抽取出来为UserDao,如下:
package com.zhy.zhy_ormlite.db; import java.sql.SQLException; import android.content.Context; import com.zhy.zhy_ormlite.bean.User; public class UserDao { private Context context; public UserDao(Context context) { this.context = context; } public void add(User user) { try { DatabaseHelper.getHelper(context).getUserDao().create(user); } catch (SQLException e) { } }//...... }
上面简单介绍了如何使用ORMLite框架,Android 快速开发系列 ORMLite 框架的使用 将对其用法进行深入的介绍。
源码点击下载