在学习了iOS7新出的Text Kit的基础知识后,开始着手编写基于Text Kit的电子书阅读器程序。
首先是搭建程序的基本结构:RootView(导航视图)——BookListView(书本目录表视图)——ReadingView(阅读视图)——URLInteractionView(网页浏览视图)。
其中ReadingView是核心视图,几乎所有的阅读都在该页面中展开。
目前有很多电子书阅读器应用,大多数都有非常棒的翻页效果功能,而且,如果文本非常的长,用户只能通过滚动条来浏览电子书,这样的用户体验不好。所以我打算做成带翻页效果的阅读界面。
明显,翻页效果基于电子书分页,所以首先要进行电子书分页。
其实在iOS提供的sdk中就提供了UIPageViewController这个类来提供动态的翻页效果,但是在配置datasource时,必须静态配置好每一页的数据和总页数等,这种做法略显不够灵。而且我对该类的使用也不够熟悉,加上我想自己尝试去写出翻页效果的实现,最后我放弃了使用UIPageViewController。
(一)电子书分页
开始的分页方案是先计算文本总长度,然后设定一个每页字符数的标准,从而计算出总页数以及得出每页显示的文字及其范围。但是每页字符数的标准很难定下来,于是参考网上的文章进行了改进:http://mobile.51cto.com/iphone-227245.htm
该网页提供的参考代码如下:
// Implement viewDidLoad to do additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib. - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // totalPages = 0; currentPage = 0; // textLabel.numberOfLines = 0; // if (!text) { // 从文件里加载文本串 [self loadString]; // 计算文本串的大小尺寸 CGSize totalTextSize = [text sizeWithFont:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:FONT_SIZE_MAX] constrainedToSize:CGSizeMake(textLabel.frame.size.width, CGFLOAT_MAX) lineBreakMode:UILineBreakModeWordWrap]; // 如果一页就能显示完,直接显示所有文本串即可。 if (totalTextSize.height < textLabel.frame.size.height) { texttextLabel.text = text; } else { // 计算理想状态下的页面数量和每页所显示的字符数量,只是拿来作为参考值用而已! NSUInteger textLength = [text length]; referTotalPages = (int)totalTextSize.height/(int)textLabel.frame.size.height+1; referCharatersPerPage = textLength/referTotalPages; // 申请最终保存页面NSRange信息的数组缓冲区 int maxPages = referTotalPages; rangeOfPages = (NSRange *)malloc(referTotalPages*sizeof(NSRange)); memset(rangeOfPages, 0x0, referTotalPages*sizeof(NSRange)); // 页面索引 int page = 0; for (NSUInteger location = 0; location < textLength; ) { // 先计算临界点(尺寸刚刚超过UILabel尺寸时的文本串) NSRange range = NSMakeRange(location, referCharatersPerPage); // reach end of text ? NSString *pageText; CGSize pageTextSize; while (range.location + range.length < textLength) { pageText = [text substringWithRange:range]; pageTextSize = [pageText sizeWithFont:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:FONT_SIZE_MAX] constrainedToSize:CGSizeMake(textLabel.frame.size.width, CGFLOAT_MAX) lineBreakMode:UILineBreakModeWordWrap]; if (pageTextSize.height > textLabel.frame.size.height) { break; } else { range.length += referCharatersPerPage; } } if (range.location + range.length >= textLength) { range.length = textLength - range.location; } // 然后一个个缩短字符串的长度,当缩短后的字符串尺寸小于textLabel的尺寸时即为满足 while (range.length > 0) { pageText = [text substringWithRange:range]; pageTextSize = [pageText sizeWithFont:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:FONT_SIZE_MAX] constrainedToSize:CGSizeMake(textLabel.frame.size.width, CGFLOAT_MAX) lineBreakMode:UILineBreakModeWordWrap]; if (pageTextSize.height <= textLabel.frame.size.height) { range.length = [pageText length]; break; } else { range.length -= 2; } } // 得到一个页面的显示范围 if (page >= maxPages) { maxPages += 10; rangeOfPages = (NSRange *)realloc(rangeOfPages, maxPages*sizeof(NSRange)); } rangeOfPages[page++] = range; // 更新游标 location += range.length; } // 获取最终页面数量 totalPages = page; // 更新UILabel内容 textLabel.text = [text substringWithRange:rangeOfPages[currentPage]]; } } // 显示当前页面进度信息,格式为:"8/100" pageInfoLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d/%d", currentPage+1, totalPages]; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // 上一页 - (IBAction)actionPrevious:(id)sender { if (currentPage > 0) { currentPage--; NSRange range = rangeOfPages[currentPage]; NSString *pageText = [text substringWithRange:range]; textLabel.text = pageText; // pageInfoLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d/%d", currentPage+1, totalPages]; } } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // 下一页 - (IBAction)actionNext:(id)sender { if (currentPage < totalPages-1) { currentPage++; NSRange range = rangeOfPages[currentPage]; NSString *pageText = [text substringWithRange:range]; textLabel.text = pageText; // pageInfoLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d/%d", currentPage+1, totalPages]; } }这篇文章的分页算法的基本思想就是:先计算文本总尺寸
// 计算文本串的大小尺寸 CGSize totalTextSize = [text sizeWithFont:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:FONT_SIZE_MAX] constrainedToSize:CGSizeMake(textLabel.frame.size.width, CGFLOAT_MAX) lineBreakMode:UILineBreakModeWordWrap];再根据textview的高度计算理想状态下的总页数和每页的字符数:
// 计算理想状态下的页面数量和每页所显示的字符数量,只是拿来作为参考值用而已! NSUInteger textLength = [text length]; referTotalPages = (int)totalTextSize.height/(int)textLabel.frame.size.height+1; referCharatersPerPage = textLength/referTotalPages;接下来再根据referCharatersPerPage产生的文本尺寸结合textview的高度进行动态调整,使每一页的字符刚好铺满整个textview页面,并且将每页的字符范围存储到事先设定好的rangeOfPages指针所指定的内存区域当中。
在下面翻页时只需直接在referCharatersPerPage中取得文本范围并加载就可以了。
的确,这样的分页效果非常好,每一页的文字都刚好布满整个textview,页与页之间的连贯性非常好,而且在翻页时获取指定页的文本范围非常的简单。但是非常糟糕的是这种分页算法的效率可谓奇低,例如对一篇最后分成4页的文本要几秒,对一篇分成200多页的文本可能要几分钟。另外,为了存储rangeOfPages,需要申请预定的内存空间,这又进一步增大了程序的开销。
尽管如此,该算法的思想还是可取的。
下面是我的分页的代码:
/* 判断是否需要分页和进行分页 */ -(BOOL)paging { /* 获取文本内容的string值 */ NSString *text = [bookItem.content string]; /* 获取Settings中设定好的字体(主要是获取字体大小) */ static const CGFloat textScaleFactor = 1.; // 设置文字比例 NSString *textStyle = [curPageView.textView tkd_textStyle]; // 设置文字样式 preferredFont_ = [UIFont tkd_preferredFontWithTextStyle:textStyle scale:textScaleFactor]; //设置prferredFont(包括样式和大小) NSLog(@"paging: %@", preferredFont_.fontDescriptor.fontAttributes); // 在控制台中输出字体的属性字典 /* 设定每页的页面尺寸 */ NSUInteger width = (int)self.view.bounds.size.width - 20.0; // 页面的宽度 NSUInteger height = (int)self.view.bounds.size.height - 40.0; // 页面的高度 /* 计算文本串的总大小尺寸 Deprecated in iOS 7.0 */ CGSize totalTextSize = [text sizeWithFont:preferredFont_ constrainedToSize:CGSizeMake(width, CGFLOAT_MAX) lineBreakMode:NSLineBreakByWordWrapping]; NSLog(@"totalTextSize:w = %f,h = %f", totalTextSize.width, totalTextSize.height); /* 开始分页 */ if (totalTextSize.height < height) { /* 如果一页就能显示完,直接显示所有文本 */ totalPages_ = 1; // 设定总页数为1 charsPerPage_ = [text length]; // 设定每页的字符数 textLength_ = [text length]; // 设定文本总长度 return NO; // 不用分页 } else { /* 计算理想状态下的页面数量和每页所显示的字符数量,用来作为参考值用 */ textLength_ = [text length]; // 文本的总长度 NSUInteger referTotalPages = (int)totalTextSize.height / (int)height + 1; // 理想状态下的总页数 NSUInteger referCharactersPerPage = textLength_ / referTotalPages; // 理想状态下每页的字符数 // 输出理想状态下的参数信息 NSLog(@"textLength = %d", textLength_); NSLog(@"referTotalPages = %d", referTotalPages); NSLog(@"referCharactersPerPage = %d", referCharactersPerPage); /* 根据referCharactersPerPage和text view的高度开始动态调整每页的字符数 */ // 如果referCharactersPerPage过大,则直接调整至下限值,减少调整的时间 if (referCharactersPerPage > 600) { referCharactersPerPage = 600; } // 获取理想状态下的每页文本的范围和pageText及其尺寸 NSRange range = NSMakeRange(referCharactersPerPage, referCharactersPerPage); // 一般第一页字符数较少,所以取第二页的文本范围作为调整的参考标准 NSString *pageText = [text substringWithRange:range]; // 获取该范围内的文本 NSLog(@"%@", pageText); CGSize pageTextSize = [pageText sizeWithFont:preferredFont_ constrainedToSize:CGSizeMake(width, CGFLOAT_MAX) lineBreakMode:NSLineBreakByWordWrapping]; // 获取pageText的尺寸 // 若pageText超出text view的显示范围,则调整referCharactersPerPage NSLog(@"height = %d", height); while (pageTextSize.height > height) { NSLog(@"pageTextSize.height = %f", pageTextSize.height); referCharactersPerPage -= 2; // 每页字符数减2 range = NSMakeRange(0, referCharactersPerPage); // 重置每页字符的范围 pageText = [text substringWithRange:range]; // 重置pageText pageTextSize = [pageText sizeWithFont:preferredFont_ constrainedToSize:CGSizeMake(width, CGFLOAT_MAX) lineBreakMode:NSLineBreakByWordWrapping]; // 获取pageText的尺寸 } // 根据调整后的referCharactersPerPage设定好charsPerPage_ charsPerPage_ = referCharactersPerPage; NSLog(@"cpp: %d", charsPerPage_); // 计算totalPages_ totalPages_ = (int)text.length / charsPerPage_ + 1; NSLog(@"ttp: %d", totalPages_); // 计算最后一页的字符数,防止范围溢出 charsOfLastPage_ = textLength_ - (totalPages_ - 1) * charsPerPage_; NSLog(@"colp: %d", charsOfLastPage_); // 分页完成 return YES; } }我还是遵照了我最初的思路,在找每页显示的字符数的标准时则参考了网上那篇文章的思想:首先计算理想状态下每页的字符数并计算其尺寸,若其高度大于text view的高度,则减少每页的字符数,直至其高度符合标准,从而在一个text view中显示尽量多而又不超过视图范围的文字。
// 如果referCharactersPerPage过大,则直接调整至下限值,减少调整的时间 if (referCharactersPerPage > 600) { referCharactersPerPage = 600; }如果每页的字符数过大,则快速调整至下限值。
referCharactersPerPage -= 2; // 每页字符数减2若每页的文本尺寸大于text view的高度需要调整时,每页的字符数减2,这样递减的调整速度比-1快一倍,最差的预期是在text view中显示少一个文字。这样对文本的显示基本没有影响却换来一倍的效率。
对比之前的算法,由于不需要预先申请存储页面范围的内存空间,所以系统开销减小。更重要的是分页所需的时间大大减小。
使用也是非常简便,而且不需预先申请空间保存各页面的范围:
// set text in curPageView if (currentPage_ == totalPages_ - 1) { [curPageView.textView.textStorage setAttributedString:[[bookItem.content attributedSubstringFromRange:NSMakeRange(currentPage_ * charsPerPage_, charsOfLastPage_)] mutableCopy]]; } else { [curPageView.textView.textStorage setAttributedString:[[bookItem.content attributedSubstringFromRange:NSMakeRange(currentPage_ * charsPerPage_, charsPerPage_)] mutableCopy]]; } curPageView.textView.font = preferredFont_;直接用
NSMakeRange(currentPage_ * charsPerPage_, charsOfLastPage_)]存取即可。
不足之处:
1.对于近80000字符数的文本的加载可能也需要3秒左右时间加载,明显不够快,在此我的进一步改进的设想是将首次加载文本时时计算好的charsPerPage和对应的电子书名保存起来,在下次加载时直接从保存好的数据中加载charsPerPage,这样非首次加载文本就可以免去分页计算的时间。但是我还没想好用哪种方法保存数据,有待改进。
2.最大的不足是由于限定了每页的字符数,所以难免会出现每页的显示会出现参差不齐,例如每页显示的文本高度不同,页与页之间的连贯性不够好,等等。
3.sizeWithFont:constrainedToSize:lineBreakMode:方法已经被iOS 7.0建议Deprecated。
/* 计算文本串的总大小尺寸 Deprecated in iOS 7.0 */ CGSize totalTextSize = [text sizeWithFont:preferredFont_ constrainedToSize:CGSizeMake(width, CGFLOAT_MAX) lineBreakMode:NSLineBreakByWordWrapping];
可以用iOS7新出的方法来代替:
- (CGRect)boundingRectWithSize:(CGSize)size options:(NSStringDrawingOptions)options attributes:(NSDictionary *)attributes context:(NSStringDrawingContext *)context NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);
(二)字体调整
若用户在Settings中调整字体时,text view中的字体要作出相应的变化。
其实也非常简单,首先在消息中心注册消息接受者:
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(preferredContentSizeChanged:) name:UIContentSizeCategoryDidChangeNotification object:nil]; // 当不同类别的字体大小发生变化时发送消息给self实现方法:
// 当消息中心收到用户在settings中调整字体大小的消息 -(void)preferredContentSizeChanged:(NSNotification *)noti { static const CGFloat textScaleFactor = 1.; // 设置文字显示比例 NSString *textStyle = [curPageView.textView tkd_textStyle]; // 设置文字样式 preferredFont_ = [UIFont tkd_preferredFontWithTextStyle:textStyle scale:textScaleFactor]; // 设置preferredFont_(包括样式和大小) NSLog(@"%@", preferredFont_.fontDescriptor.fontAttributes); curPageView.textView.font = preferredFont_; // 设置text view中的字体 }
由于preferredFont_是私有变量,可以在整个.m文件中实现,所以在以上的实现方法中可以设定preferredFont_为调整后的字体。
addPageView.textView.font = preferredFont_;
为了制造翻页效果,所以我将PageView和ReadingViewController独立开来,ReadingViewController在self.view中加入PageView来实现多个页面视图的加载。
首先看看PageView的接口部分:
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @class TextStorage; @interface PageView : UIView @property (strong, nonatomic) UITextView *textView; @property (nonatomic, strong) TextStorage *textStorage; @endPageView包含了textView和用于保存文字的textStorage。
然后是实现部分的初始化方法:
- (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame { self = [super initWithFrame:frame]; if (self) { CGRect textViewRect = CGRectInset(self.frame, 10.0, 20.0); // NSTextContainer NSTextContainer *container = [[NSTextContainer alloc] initWithSize:CGSizeMake(textViewRect.size.width, CGFLOAT_MAX)]; // new in iOS 7.0 container.widthTracksTextView = YES; // Controls whether the receiveradjusts the width of its bounding rectangle when its text view is resized // NSLayoutManager NSLayoutManager *layoutManager = [[NSLayoutManager alloc] init]; // new in iOS 7.0 [layoutManager addTextContainer:container]; // NSTextStorage subclass self.textStorage = [[TextStorage alloc] init]; // new in iOS 7.0 [self.textStorage addLayoutManager:layoutManager]; // set TextStorage [textStorage beginEditing]; /* New letterpress text style added to iOS 7 */ /* NSDictionary *attrsDic = @{NSTextEffectAttributeName: NSTextEffectLetterpressStyle}; UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const NSTextEffectAttributeName NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0); // NSString, default nil: no text effect NSMutableAttributedString *mutableAttrString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"Letterpress" attributes:attrsDic]; NSAttributedString *appendAttrString = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@" Append:Letterpress"]; [mutableAttrString appendAttributedString:appendAttrString]; [_textStorage setAttributedString:mutableAttrString]; */ /* Dynamic Coloring Text */ textStorage.tokens = @{@"Alice" : @{NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor] }, @"Rabbit" : @{NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor greenColor]}, DefaultTokenName: @{NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blackColor]} }; [textStorage endEditing]; // UITextView UITextView *newTextView = [[UITextView alloc] initWithFrame:textViewRect textContainer:container]; newTextView.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleHeight | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth; newTextView.keyboardDismissMode = UIScrollViewKeyboardDismissModeOnDrag; newTextView.dataDetectorTypes = UIDataDetectorTypeAll; newTextView.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; newTextView.hidden = NO; newTextView.editable = NO; newTextView.pagingEnabled = YES; newTextView.scrollEnabled = YES; newTextView.userInteractionEnabled = YES; newTextView.selectable = YES; self.textView = newTextView; [self addSubview:self.textView]; } return self; }
再看看ReadingViewController的viewDidLoad方法部分代码:
// 各页面视图初始化 curPageView = [[PageView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds]; addPageView = [[PageView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds]; backPageView = [[PageView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds]; // 设置各页面视图的委托 curPageView.textView.delegate = self; addPageView.textView.delegate = self; backPageView.textView.delegate = self; // 设置初始值 currentPage_ = 0; totalPages_ = 0; charsPerPage_ = 0; textLength_ = 0; curoffset_ = 0.; alertDelegate_ = -1; minoffset_ = self.view.bounds.size.width / 5; // 判断是否需要分页并设置currPage的内容 if ([self paging] == NO) { // 如果不需要分页,直接在当前页的textView中加载书的内容 [curPageView.textView.textStorage setAttributedString:bookItem.content]; } else { // 如果需要分页 [curPageView.textView.textStorage setAttributedString:[[bookItem.content attributedSubstringFromRange:NSMakeRange(0, charsPerPage_)] mutableCopy]]; } [self.view addSubview:curPageView]; curPageView.clipsToBounds = YES; curPageView.textView.font = preferredFont_; curPageView.textView.keyboardDismissMode = UIScrollViewKeyboardDismissModeOnDrag; curPageView.textView.dataDetectorTypes = UIDataDetectorTypeAll; backPageView.textView.text = @"TagTagTagTagTagTagTagTagTagTagTagTagTagTagTagTagTagTagTagTagTagTagTagTagTagTagTag"; backPageView.clipsToBounds = YES;curPageView,addPageView,backPageView都是PageView对象,其中curPageView用于当前页面,addPageView用于加载新加入的页面,backPageView用于翻页时的背面视图。
为了翻页效果根据用户的手势触点动态变化,需要在以下方法中实现:
-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event -(void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event -(void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event首先是触摸开始:
-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { //记录手势起点的x值 UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject]; startX_ = [touch locationInView:self.view].x; }用于记录手势起点。
接着是触摸移动:
-(void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { //将视图中已经存在的渐变或页边阴影去掉 if (shadow) { [shadow removeFromSuperlayer]; } if (margin) { [margin removeFromSuperlayer]; } //获取当前手势触点的x值 UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject]; float x = [touch locationInView:self.view].x; if (x - startX_ >= 0) { curoffset_ = x - startX_; } else { curoffset_ = startX_ - x; } // 设定翻转页面的矩形范围 CGRect rect = self.view.bounds; if (x >= 160) { rect.size.width = (320 / x - 1) * 160; rect.origin.x = x - rect.size.width; } else { rect.size.width = 320 - x; rect.origin.x = x - rect.size.width; } int tempX = rect.origin.x; //保存翻转页面起点的x值 backPageView.frame = rect; //rect用于设定翻页时左边页面的范围 rect = self.view.bounds; rect.size.width = x; // 判断手势并设定页面,制造翻页效果 if (x - startX_ > 0) {//向右划的手势,上一页 next_ = NO; if (currentPage_ == 0) { return; // 如果是第一页则不接受手势 } else { addPageView.frame = rect; [addPageView.textView.textStorage setAttributedString:[[bookItem.content attributedSubstringFromRange:NSMakeRange((currentPage_ - 1) * charsPerPage_, charsPerPage_)] mutableCopy]]; addPageView.textView.font = preferredFont_; addPageView.clipsToBounds = YES; [self.view insertSubview:addPageView aboveSubview:curPageView]; [self.view insertSubview:backPageView aboveSubview:addPageView]; } } else {//向左划的手势,下一页 next_ = YES; if (currentPage_ == totalPages_ - 1) { return; // 如果到达最后一页则不接受手势 } else { curPageView.frame = rect; if (currentPage_ == totalPages_ - 2) { [addPageView.textView.textStorage setAttributedString:[[bookItem.content attributedSubstringFromRange:NSMakeRange((currentPage_ + 1) * charsPerPage_, charsOfLastPage_)] mutableCopy]]; } else { [addPageView.textView.textStorage setAttributedString:[[bookItem.content attributedSubstringFromRange:NSMakeRange((currentPage_ + 1) * charsPerPage_, charsPerPage_)] mutableCopy]]; } addPageView.textView.font = preferredFont_; [self.view insertSubview:addPageView belowSubview:curPageView]; [self.view insertSubview:backPageView aboveSubview:curPageView]; } } //设定翻页时backPage视图两边的渐变阴影效果 shadow = [[CAGradientLayer alloc] init]; shadow.colors = [NSArray arrayWithObjects: (id)[UIColor colorWithRed:1.0 green:1.0 blue:1.0 alpha:0.1].CGColor, (id)[UIColor colorWithRed:0.0 green:0.0 blue:0.0 alpha:0.2].CGColor, (id)[UIColor colorWithRed:1.0 green:1.0 blue:1.0 alpha:0.1].CGColor, nil]; rect = self.view.bounds; rect.size.width = 50; rect.origin.x = x - 25; shadow.frame = rect; shadow.startPoint = CGPointMake(0.0, 0.5); shadow.endPoint = CGPointMake(1.0, 0.5); [self.view.layer addSublayer:shadow]; margin = [[CAGradientLayer alloc] init]; margin.colors = [NSArray arrayWithObjects: (id)[UIColor colorWithRed:1.0 green:1.0 blue:1.0 alpha:0.2].CGColor, (id)[UIColor colorWithRed:0.0 green:0.0 blue:0.0 alpha:0.3].CGColor, nil]; margin.frame = CGRectMake(tempX - 35, 0, 50, self.view.bounds.size.height); margin.startPoint = CGPointMake(0.0, 0.5); margin.endPoint = CGPointMake(1.0, 0.5); [self.view.layer addSublayer:margin]; }加载新视图addPageView,并随着手势的触摸点的x值而移动。为了使翻转页面宽度动态变化,使用以下方法实现:
// 设定翻转页面的矩形范围 CGRect rect = self.view.bounds; if (x >= 160) { rect.size.width = (320 / x - 1) * 160; rect.origin.x = x - rect.size.width; } else { rect.size.width = 320 - x; rect.origin.x = x - rect.size.width; } int tempX = rect.origin.x; //保存翻转页面起点的x值 backPageView.frame = rect; //rect用于设定翻页时左边页面的范围 rect = self.view.bounds; rect.size.width = x;
这样一来,翻转页面的宽度在160到320之间非线性缓慢增大至160,在0到160之间线性增大320(超出视图左边的部分我们看不见)。
为了制造页面翻转的效果,要添加两个CAGradientLayer:shadow和margin。如下:
//设定翻页时backPage视图两边的渐变阴影效果 shadow = [[CAGradientLayer alloc] init]; shadow.colors = [NSArray arrayWithObjects: (id)[UIColor colorWithRed:1.0 green:1.0 blue:1.0 alpha:0.1].CGColor, (id)[UIColor colorWithRed:0.0 green:0.0 blue:0.0 alpha:0.2].CGColor, (id)[UIColor colorWithRed:1.0 green:1.0 blue:1.0 alpha:0.1].CGColor, nil]; rect = self.view.bounds; rect.size.width = 50; rect.origin.x = x - 25; shadow.frame = rect; shadow.startPoint = CGPointMake(0.0, 0.5); shadow.endPoint = CGPointMake(1.0, 0.5); [self.view.layer addSublayer:shadow]; margin = [[CAGradientLayer alloc] init]; margin.colors = [NSArray arrayWithObjects: (id)[UIColor colorWithRed:1.0 green:1.0 blue:1.0 alpha:0.2].CGColor, (id)[UIColor colorWithRed:0.0 green:0.0 blue:0.0 alpha:0.3].CGColor, nil]; margin.frame = CGRectMake(tempX - 35, 0, 50, self.view.bounds.size.height); margin.startPoint = CGPointMake(0.0, 0.5); margin.endPoint = CGPointMake(1.0, 0.5); [self.view.layer addSublayer:margin];
shadow用于展示阴影效果(Tag页面右边缘),margin用于展示页边效果(Tag页面左边缘):
为了防止触摸移动过程中的layer停留在页面中,首先要移除视图中的layer:
//将视图中已经存在的渐变或页边阴影去掉 if (shadow) { [shadow removeFromSuperlayer]; } if (margin) { [margin removeFromSuperlayer]; }
如果是翻向下一页,那么视图及layer的叠放次序(由下至上)为:
self.view,addPageView,curPageView,backPageView(Tag标识页面),margin,shadow。
如果是翻向上一页,那么视图及layer的叠放次序(由下至上)为:
self.view,curPageView,addPageView,backPageView,margin,shadow。
注意一定要设置好各个视图的clipToBounds属性为YES,防止遮住下层视图:
curPageView.clipsToBounds = YES;
backPageView.clipsToBounds = YES;
addPageView.clipsToBounds = YES;最后是触摸结束:
-(void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { // 如果是第一页并且翻向上一页 if (currentPage_ == 0) { if (next_ == NO) { return; } } // 如果是最后一页并且翻向下一页 if (currentPage_ == totalPages_ - 1) { if (next_ == YES) { UIAlertView *av = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"注意" message:@"已经到达最后一页" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"确定" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil]; [av show]; return; } } if (curoffset_ < minoffset_) { curPageView.frame = self.view.bounds; curPageView.textView.frame = CGRectInset(self.view.bounds, 10.0, 20.0); [curPageView.textView.textStorage setAttributedString:[[bookItem.content attributedSubstringFromRange:NSMakeRange(currentPage_ * charsPerPage_, charsPerPage_)] mutableCopy]]; curPageView.textView.font = preferredFont_; [addPageView removeFromSuperview]; [backPageView removeFromSuperview]; //移除阴影效果 [shadow removeFromSuperlayer]; [margin removeFromSuperlayer]; return; } if (next_ == YES) { // 下一页 currentPage_++; NSLog(@"%d / %d", currentPage_ + 1, totalPages_); // show reading progress showProgressItem.title = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d / %d", currentPage_ + 1, totalPages_]; [curPageView.textView.textStorage setAttributedString:addPageView.textView.textStorage]; curPageView.frame = self.view.bounds; curPageView.textView.frame = CGRectInset(self.view.bounds, 10.0, 20.0); } else { // 上一页 currentPage_--; NSLog(@"%d / %d", currentPage_ + 1, totalPages_); // show reading progress showProgressItem.title = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d / %d", currentPage_ + 1, totalPages_]; [curPageView.textView.textStorage setAttributedString:addPageView.textView.textStorage]; curPageView.frame = self.view.bounds; curPageView.textView.frame = CGRectInset(self.view.bounds, 10.0, 20.0); } [addPageView removeFromSuperview]; [backPageView removeFromSuperview]; //移除阴影效果 [shadow removeFromSuperlayer]; [margin removeFromSuperlayer]; }
触摸结束后首先判断触摸的移动距离是否超过最小移动距离:self.view.frame.width / 5,,如果没有达到则不接受手势,否则翻页成功并加载下一页的内容在curPageView中,移除addPageView和所有layer。
在这里要注意一个问题:由于UITextView无法响应UITouch对象的触摸事件,只有UIView可以响应UITocuh对象的触摸,所以以上基于touchesBegan:,touchesMoved:和touchesEnded:来制造翻页效果的方法只能适用于普通的UIView,UIImageView,UILabel等,而不能用于UITextView,也就是说如果text view铺满整个curPageView,那么将无法响应touch事件的方法,而且为了美观起见,我设定text view的区域范围为:
CGRect textViewRect = CGRectInset(self.frame, 10.0, 20.0);也就是(10.,20.,300.,528.)(4 - inch)。
另外为了扩大touch响应的范围,我又在视图的左右边缘加入了两个标签:
// Add a label in left rect = self.view.bounds; rect.size.width /= 4; rect.size.height -= 100.0; rect.origin.y = 60.0; left_label_ = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:rect]; left_label_.userInteractionEnabled = YES; left_label_.hidden = NO; [curPageView addSubview:left_label_]; UITapGestureRecognizer *tapInLeftLabel = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(hideBars:)]; [left_label_ addGestureRecognizer:tapInLeftLabel]; // Add a label in right rect = self.view.bounds; rect.size.width /= 4; rect.size.height -= 100.0; rect.origin.y = 60.0; rect.origin.x = self.view.bounds.size.width * .75; right_label_ = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:rect]; right_label_.userInteractionEnabled = YES; right_label_.hidden = NO; [curPageView addSubview:right_label_]; UITapGestureRecognizer *tapInRightLabel = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(hideBars:)]; [right_label_ addGestureRecognizer:tapInRightLabel];
记住设置标签的userInteractionEnabled属性为YES就可以了。
标签的action的作用是若工具条出现,轻击标签就可以让工具条隐藏。
另外,若对文字进行编辑则隐藏这两个标签。
对于制造翻页效果,简单来说就是在self.view中按特定的叠加关系添加几个视图和layer,并根据touch的x值来设置视图的位置,从而制造翻页的效果。
(四)页面跳转,书签
为了实现快速的页面跳转,可以唤出带输入框的对话框:
// Turn bar button item: 快速跳转到指定页 -(void)turnTo:(id)sender { alertDelegate_ = 0; UIAlertView *av = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"请输入您想要浏览的页数" message:nil delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"确定" otherButtonTitles:@"取消", nil]; av.alertViewStyle= UIAlertViewStylePlainTextInput; // 设定对话框带有UTTextField类型的文本输入框 UITextField *tf = [av textFieldAtIndex:0]; // 获取输入框 tf.keyboardType = UIKeyboardTypeNumberPad; // 设定键盘类型为数字键盘 tf.keyboardAppearance = UIKeyboardAppearanceLight; // 设定键盘外观 [av show]; }其中UIAlertViewStylePlainTextInput设定对话框带有UTTextField类型的文本输入框。由于可能要多次使用对话框,而不同的场合需要在UIAlertViewDelegate中返回不同的数据,而alertDelegate用于指定委托中不同的处理动作。要从输入框中获得用户输入的页数,这样就要用到UIAlertViewDelegate:
#pragma mark - #pragma mark Alert view delegate -(void)alertView:(UIAlertView *)alertView clickedButtonAtIndex:(NSInteger)buttonIndex { if (buttonIndex == 0) { if (alertDelegate_ == 0) { // 快速页面跳转时输入页数 UITextField *tf = [alertView textFieldAtIndex:0]; currentPage_ = [tf.text integerValue]; NSLog(@"%d", currentPage_); if (currentPage_ <= 0 || currentPage_ > totalPages_) { alertDelegate_ = -2; UIAlertView *warn = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"警告" message:@"您输入的页数错误" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"确定" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil]; [warn show]; return; } // 在工具条的showProgressItem中显示当前阅读进度 showProgressItem.title = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d / %d", currentPage_, totalPages_]; currentPage_--; // set text in curPageView if (currentPage_ == totalPages_ - 1) { [curPageView.textView.textStorage setAttributedString:[[bookItem.content attributedSubstringFromRange:NSMakeRange(currentPage_ * charsPerPage_, charsOfLastPage_)] mutableCopy]]; } else { [curPageView.textView.textStorage setAttributedString:[[bookItem.content attributedSubstringFromRange:NSMakeRange(currentPage_ * charsPerPage_, charsPerPage_)] mutableCopy]]; } curPageView.textView.font = preferredFont_; } else if (alertDelegate_ == 1) { // 新建书签时输入书签名 UITextField *tf = [alertView textFieldAtIndex:0]; NSString *name = tf.text; NSString *page = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", currentPage_ + 1]; // add book mark NSDictionary *dic = @{@"name": name, @"page": page }; [bookmarks addObject:dic]; // save bookmarks data NSLog(@"%@", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ - 第%@页", name, page]); [bookmarksView reloadData]; } else { // 其它情况不返回任何数据 return; }; } }阅读时必须实现最基本的书签功能,书签视图是个表格视图。新建书签时如果要输入书签名,同样要唤出带输入框的对话框输入书签的名字,返回的书签名同样也在上面的UIAlertViewDelegate中实现。唯一需要注意的是在加载表格视图时要设置好表格视图的数据源和委托为自己:
rect = self.view.bounds; rect.origin.y = 20.0; rect.size.height -= 60.0; bookmarksView = [[UITableView alloc] initWithFrame:rect style:UITableViewStylePlain]; bookmarksView.dataSource = self; // 设置表格视图的数据源 bookmarksView.delegate = self; // 设置表格视图的委托
(五)ReadingViewController的几个工具条和标签
界面:
代码:
// Add tool bar on top CGRect rect = self.view.bounds; rect.origin.y = 20.0; rect.size.height = 40.0; topToolbar = [[UIToolbar alloc] initWithFrame:rect]; topToolbar.hidden = NO; // Add bar button items to top tool bar dismissItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"Dismiss" style:UIBarButtonItemStyleDone target:self action:@selector(dismissCurrentView:)]; topLeftFixedSpace = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemFixedSpace target:nil action:nil]; topLeftFixedSpace.width = 20.0; titleItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:bookItem.name style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:nil action:nil]; topItems = @[dismissItem, topLeftFixedSpace, titleItem]; topToolbar.items = topItems; [curPageView addSubview:topToolbar]; // Add tap recognizer to text view UITapGestureRecognizer *tapInTextView = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(hideBars:)]; [curPageView.textView addGestureRecognizer:tapInTextView]; // Add a label at bottom rect = self.view.bounds; rect.origin.y = rect.size.height - 30.0; rect.size.height = 30.0; bottom_label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:rect]; bottom_label.userInteractionEnabled = YES; UITapGestureRecognizer *tapRecognizer = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(showBars:)]; [bottom_label addGestureRecognizer:tapRecognizer]; [curPageView addSubview:bottom_label]; // Add a tool bar at bottom rect = self.view.bounds; rect.origin.y = rect.size.height - 40.0; rect.size.height = 40.0; bottomToolbar = [[UIToolbar alloc] initWithFrame:rect]; bottomToolbar.hidden = NO; [curPageView addSubview:bottomToolbar]; // Add bar button items to bottom tool bar doneItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"Done" style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(hideBars:)]; turnItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"Turn" style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(turnTo:)]; leftFixedSpace = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemFixedSpace target:nil action:nil]; leftFixedSpace.width = 24.0; NSString *progress = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d / %d", currentPage_ + 1, totalPages_]; showProgressItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:progress style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:nil action:nil]; rightFixedSpace = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemFixedSpace target:nil action:nil]; rightFixedSpace.width = 24.0; editItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemCompose target:self action:@selector(setEdit:)]; bookmarkItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemBookmarks target:self action:@selector(showBookMarks:)]; bottomItems = @[doneItem, turnItem, leftFixedSpace, showProgressItem, rightFixedSpace, editItem, bookmarkItem]; bottomToolbar.items = bottomItems; // load bookmarks from storing data bookmarks = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; // rect = self.view.bounds; rect.origin.y = 20.0; rect.size.height -= 60.0; bookmarksView = [[UITableView alloc] initWithFrame:rect style:UITableViewStylePlain]; bookmarksView.dataSource = self; bookmarksView.delegate = self; rect = self.view.bounds; rect.origin.y = rect.size.height - 40.0; rect.size.height = 40.0; bookmarkToolbar = [[UIToolbar alloc] initWithFrame:rect]; dismissBookMarkItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemDone target:self action:@selector(dismissBookMark:)]; addBookMarkItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemAdd target:self action:@selector(addBookMark:)]; bookmarkItems = @[dismissBookMarkItem, addBookMarkItem]; bookmarkToolbar.items = bookmarkItems; [bookmarksView registerNib:[UINib nibWithNibName:@"TableViewCell" bundle:[NSBundle mainBundle]] forCellReuseIdentifier:@"Cell"];界面主要有一个顶部的工具条,底部的工具条。书签界面唤出一个书签工具条。还有一个底部的标签bottom_label,为了使该标签不被任何视图覆盖,而curPageView一直在当前界面上,所以要设置该标签在curPageView上面。该标签接受一个点击手势用于显示topToolbar和bottomToolbar。 整个界面的布局采用纯代码方法,纯代码加载界面的效率远高于故事板和xib,但是其开发效率的确很低很累,不过可以提高代码的结合度和使组件更便于在代码中其它部分使用。
(六)响应网络链接
主要就是实现UITextViewDelegate中的方法:
#pragma mark - #pragma mark Text view delegate // 当用户在textView中点击特定的链接内容时,程序是否需要作出响应 -(BOOL)textView:(UITextView *)textView shouldInteractWithURL:(NSURL *)URL inRange:(NSRange)characterRange { NSString *urlstr = [URL absoluteString]; // 响应以下前缀或域名的网址链接 if ([[URL host] isEqual:@"www.apple.com"] || [urlstr hasPrefix:@"http://"] || [urlstr hasPrefix:@"https://"] || [urlstr hasPrefix:@"www."]) { AppDelegate *appDelegate = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate]; // appDelegate用于调用全局变量urlvc [self presentViewController:appDelegate.uiVC animated:YES completion:^ { [appDelegate.uiVC.uiView.webView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL]]; // urlView中的webView开始加载链接的网页内容 }]; return NO; } return YES; // 若返回YES,则打开系统中的浏览器转到链接内容 }这个可以看我之前写的TextKit学习(二),这里完全照写了那里的方法和界面布局。
(七)使用NSTextStorage设置和修改文本的属性
另外我独立写了一个UITextStorage的子类TextStorage,要使用该类去修改文本的属性也非常简单,可以参见我之前写的TextKit学习(三)。
由于程序还有很多要修改的地方,而且还有许多功能可以扩展,所以暂时不上传资源来对比看看。我会继续努力改进程序并且扩展功能的,到时再上个资源来分享交流。