Spark修炼之道(进阶篇)——Spark入门到精通:第十二节 Spark Streaming—— DStream Window操作

作者:周志湖
微信号:zhouzhihubeyond

本节主要内容

  1. Window Operation
  2. 入门案例

1. Window Operation

Spark Streaming提供窗口操作(Window Operation),如下图所示:
Spark修炼之道(进阶篇)——Spark入门到精通:第十二节 Spark Streaming—— DStream Window操作_第1张图片
上图中,红色实线表示窗口当前的滑动位置,虚线表示前一次窗口位置,窗口每滑动一次,落在该窗口中的RDD被一起同时处理,生成一个窗口DStream(windowed DStream),窗口操作需要设置两个参数:
(1)窗口长度(window length),即窗口的持续时间,上图中的窗口长度为3
(2)滑动间隔(sliding interval),窗口操作执行的时间间隔,上图中的滑动间隔为2
这两个参数必须是原始DStream 批处理间隔(batch interval)的整数倍(上图中的原始DStream的batch interval为1)

2. 入门案例

  1. WindowWordCount——reduceByKeyAndWindow方法使用
import org.apache.spark.{SparkContext, SparkConf}
import org.apache.spark.storage.StorageLevel
import org.apache.spark.streaming._
import org.apache.spark.streaming.StreamingContext._

object WindowWordCount {
  def main(args: Array[String]) {
    //传入的参数为localhost 9999 30 10
    if (args.length != 4) {
      System.err.println("Usage: WindowWorldCount <hostname> <port> <windowDuration> <slideDuration>")
      System.exit(1)
    }
    StreamingExamples.setStreamingLogLevels()

    val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("WindowWordCount").setMaster("local[4]")
    val sc = new SparkContext(conf)

    // 创建StreamingContext,batch interval为5秒
    val ssc = new StreamingContext(sc, Seconds(5))


    //Socket为数据源
    val lines = ssc.socketTextStream(args(0), args(1).toInt, StorageLevel.MEMORY_ONLY_SER)

    val words = lines.flatMap(_.split(" "))

    // windows操作,对窗口中的单词进行计数
    val wordCounts = words.map(x => (x , 1)).reduceByKeyAndWindow((a:Int,b:Int) => (a + b), Seconds(args(2).toInt), Seconds(args(3).toInt))

    wordCounts.print()
    ssc.start()
    ssc.awaitTermination()
  }
}

通过下列代码启动netcat server

root@sparkmaster:~# nc -lk 9999

再运行WindowWordCount
输入下列语句

root@sparkmaster:~# nc -lk 9999
Spark is a fast and general cluster computing system for Big Data. It provides

观察执行情况:

------------------------------------------- Time: 1448778805000 ms(10秒,第一个滑动窗口时间) -------------------------------------------
(provides,1)
(is,1)
(general,1)
(Big,1)
(fast,1)
(cluster,1)
(Data.,1)
(computing,1)
(Spark,1)
(a,1)
... ------------------------------------------- Time: 1448778815000 ms(10秒后,第二个滑动窗口时间) -------------------------------------------
(provides,1)
(is,1)
(general,1)
(Big,1)
(fast,1)
(cluster,1)
(Data.,1)
(computing,1)
(Spark,1)
(a,1)
... ------------------------------------------- Time: 1448778825000 ms(10秒后,第三个滑动窗口时间) -------------------------------------------
(provides,1)
(is,1)
(general,1)
(Big,1)
(fast,1)
(cluster,1)
(Data.,1)
(computing,1)
(Spark,1)
(a,1)
... ------------------------------------------- Time: 1448778835000 ms(再经10秒后,超出window length窗口长度,不在计数范围内) -------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------- Time: 1448778845000 ms -------------------------------------------


同样的语句输入两次

root@sparkmaster:~# nc -lk 9999
Spark is a fast and general cluster computing system for Big Data. It provides
Spark is a fast and general cluster computing system for Big Data. It provides
Spark is a fast and general cluster computing system for Big Data. It provides

观察执行结果如下:

Time: 1448779205000 ms -------------------------------------------
(provides,2)
(is,2)
(general,2)
(Big,2)
(fast,2)
(cluster,2)
(Data.,2)
(computing,2)
(Spark,2)
(a,2)
... 

再输入一次

root@sparkmaster:~# nc -lk 9999
Spark is a fast and general cluster computing system for Big Data. It provides
Spark is a fast and general cluster computing system for Big Data. It provides
Spark is a fast and general cluster computing system for Big Data. It provides
Spark is a fast and general cluster computing system for Big Data. It provides

计算结果如下:


------------------------------------------- Time: 1448779215000 ms -------------------------------------------
(provides,3)
(is,3)
(general,3)
(Big,3)
(fast,3)
(cluster,3)
(Data.,3)
(computing,3)
(Spark,3)
(a,3)
... 

再输入一次

root@sparkmaster:~# nc -lk 9999
Spark is a fast and general cluster computing system for Big Data. It provides
Spark is a fast and general cluster computing system for Big Data. It provides
Spark is a fast and general cluster computing system for Big Data. It provides
Spark is a fast and general cluster computing system for Big Data. It provides
Spark is a fast and general cluster computing system for Big Data. It provides

计算结果如下:


------------------------------------------- Time: 1448779225000 ms -------------------------------------------
(provides,4)
(is,4)
(general,4)
(Big,4)
(fast,4)
(cluster,4)
(Data.,4)
(computing,4)
(Spark,4)
(a,4)
... ------------------------------------------- Time: 1448779235000 ms -------------------------------------------
(provides,2)
(is,2)
(general,2)
(Big,2)
(fast,2)
(cluster,2)
(Data.,2)
(computing,2)
(Spark,2)
(a,2)
... ------------------------------------------- Time: 1448779245000 ms -------------------------------------------
(provides,1)
(is,1)
(general,1)
(Big,1)
(fast,1)
(cluster,1)
(Data.,1)
(computing,1)
(Spark,1)
(a,1)
... ------------------------------------------- Time: 1448779255000 ms -------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------- Time: 1448779265000 ms -------------------------------------------

2 WindowWordCount——countByWindow方法使用


import org.apache.spark.{SparkContext, SparkConf}
import org.apache.spark.storage.StorageLevel
import org.apache.spark.streaming._
import org.apache.spark.streaming.StreamingContext._

object WindowWordCount {
  def main(args: Array[String]) {
    if (args.length != 4) {
      System.err.println("Usage: WindowWorldCount <hostname> <port> <windowDuration> <slideDuration>")
      System.exit(1)
    }
    StreamingExamples.setStreamingLogLevels()

    val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("WindowWordCount").setMaster("local[2]")
    val sc = new SparkContext(conf)

    // 创建StreamingContext
    val ssc = new StreamingContext(sc, Seconds(5))
    // 定义checkpoint目录为当前目录
    ssc.checkpoint(".")


    val lines = ssc.socketTextStream(args(0), args(1).toInt, StorageLevel.MEMORY_ONLY_SER)
    val words = lines.flatMap(_.split(" "))

    //countByWindowcountByWindow方法计算基于滑动窗口的DStream中的元素的数量。
    val countByWindow=words.countByWindow(Seconds(args(2).toInt), Seconds(args(3).toInt))

    countByWindow.print()
    ssc.start()
    ssc.awaitTermination()
  }
}

启动

root@sparkmaster:~# nc -lk 9999

然后运行WindowWordCount
输入

root@sparkmaster:~# nc -lk 9999
Spark is a fast and general cluster computing system for Big Data

察看运行结果:

------------------------------------------- Time: 1448780625000 ms -------------------------------------------
0

------------------------------------------- Time: 1448780635000 ms -------------------------------------------
12

------------------------------------------- Time: 1448780645000 ms -------------------------------------------
12

------------------------------------------- Time: 1448780655000 ms -------------------------------------------
12

------------------------------------------- Time: 1448780665000 ms -------------------------------------------
0

------------------------------------------- Time: 1448780675000 ms -------------------------------------------
0

3 WindowWordCount——reduceByWindow方法使用

//reduceByWindow方法基于滑动窗口对源DStream中的元素进行聚合操作,返回包含单元素的一个新的DStream。
 val reduceByWindow=words.map(x=>1).reduceByWindow(_+_,_-_Seconds(args(2).toInt), Seconds(args(3).toInt))

上面的例子其实是countByWindow的实现,可以在countByWindow源码实现中得到验证

def countByWindow( windowDuration: Duration, slideDuration: Duration): DStream[Long] = ssc.withScope {
    this.map(_ => 1L).reduceByWindow(_ + _, _ - _, windowDuration, slideDuration)
  }

而reduceByWindow又是通过reduceByKeyAndWindow方法来实现的,具体代码如下

def reduceByWindow( reduceFunc: (T, T) => T, invReduceFunc: (T, T) => T, windowDuration: Duration, slideDuration: Duration ): DStream[T] = ssc.withScope {
      this.map(x => (1, x))
          .reduceByKeyAndWindow(reduceFunc, invReduceFunc, windowDuration, slideDuration, 1)
          .map(_._2)
  }

与前面的例子中的reduceByKeyAndWindow方法不同的是这里的reduceByKeyAndWindow方法多了一个invReduceFunc参数,方法完整源码如下:

 /**
   * Return a new DStream by applying incremental `reduceByKey` over a sliding window.
   * The reduced value of over a new window is calculated using the old window's reduced value :
   *  1. reduce the new values that entered the window (e.g., adding new counts)
   *
   *  2. "inverse reduce" the old values that left the window (e.g., subtracting old counts)
   *
   * This is more efficient than reduceByKeyAndWindow without "inverse reduce" function.
   * However, it is applicable to only "invertible reduce functions".
   * Hash partitioning is used to generate the RDDs with Spark's default number of partitions.
   * @param reduceFunc associative reduce function
   * @param invReduceFunc inverse reduce function
   * @param windowDuration width of the window; must be a multiple of this DStream's
   *                       batching interval
   * @param slideDuration  sliding interval of the window (i.e., the interval after which
   *                       the new DStream will generate RDDs); must be a multiple of this
   *                       DStream's batching interval
   * @param filterFunc     Optional function to filter expired key-value pairs;
   *                       only pairs that satisfy the function are retained
   */
  def reduceByKeyAndWindow(
      reduceFunc: (V, V) => V,
      invReduceFunc: (V, V) => V,
      windowDuration: Duration,
      slideDuration: Duration = self.slideDuration,
      numPartitions: Int = ssc.sc.defaultParallelism,
      filterFunc: ((K, V)) => Boolean = null
    ): DStream[(K, V)] = ssc.withScope {
    reduceByKeyAndWindow(
      reduceFunc, invReduceFunc, windowDuration,
      slideDuration, defaultPartitioner(numPartitions), filterFunc
    )
  }

具体来讲,下面两个方法得到的结果是一样的,只是效率不同,后面的方法方式效率更高:

//以过去5秒钟为一个输入窗口,每1秒统计一下WordCount,本方法会将过去5秒钟的每一秒钟的WordCount都进行统计
//然后进行叠加,得出这个窗口中的单词统计。 这种方式被称为叠加方式,如下图左边所示
val wordCounts = words.map(x => (x, 1)).reduceByKeyAndWindow(_ + _, Seconds(5s),seconds(1))

//计算t+4秒这个时刻过去5秒窗口的WordCount,可以将t+3时刻过去5秒的统计量加上[t+3,t+4]的统计量
//再减去[t-2,t-1]的统计量,这种方法可以复用中间三秒的统计量,提高统计的效率。 这种方式被称为增量方式,如下图的右边所示
val wordCounts = words.map(x => (x, 1)).reduceByKeyAndWindow(_ + _, _ - _, Seconds(5s),seconds(1))

Spark修炼之道(进阶篇)——Spark入门到精通:第十二节 Spark Streaming—— DStream Window操作_第2张图片

DStream支持的全部Window操作方法如下:
Spark修炼之道(进阶篇)——Spark入门到精通:第十二节 Spark Streaming—— DStream Window操作_第3张图片

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