精妙的SQL和SQL SERVER 与ACCESS、EXCEL的数据导入导出转换
今天做个行列转换 找到的好语句 解决了我的问题
*
说明：复制表(只复制结构,源表名：a 新表名：b)
select
*
into
b
from
a
where
1
<>
1
*
说明：拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名：a 目标表名：b)
insert
into
b(a, b, c)
select
d,e,f
from
b;
*
说明：显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间
select
a.title,a.username,b.adddate
from
table
a,(
select
max
(adddate) adddate
from
table
where
table
.title
=
a.title) b
*
说明：外连接查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)
select
a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f
from
a
LEFT
OUT
JOIN
b
ON
a.a
=
b.c
*
说明：日程安排提前五分钟提醒
select
*
from
日程安排
where
datediff
(
'
minute
'
,f开始时间,
getdate
())
>
5
*
说明：两张关联表，删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息
delete
from
info
where
not
exists
(
select
*
from
infobz
where
info.infid
=
infobz.infid )
*
说明：
--
SQL:
SELECT
A.NUM, A.NAME, B.UPD_DATE, B.PREV_UPD_DATE
FROM
TABLE1,
(
SELECT
X.NUM, X.UPD_DATE, Y.UPD_DATE PREV_UPD_DATE
FROM
(
SELECT
NUM, UPD_DATE, INBOUND_QTY, STOCK_ONHAND
FROM
TABLE2
WHERE
TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,
'
YYYY/MM
'
)
=
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,
'
YYYY/MM
'
)) X,
(
SELECT
NUM, UPD_DATE, STOCK_ONHAND
FROM
TABLE2
WHERE
TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,
'
YYYY/MM
'
)
=
TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,
'
YYYY/MM
'
)
||
'
/01
'
,
'
YYYY/MM/DD
'
)
-
1
,
'
YYYY/MM
'
) ) Y,
WHERE
X.NUM
=
Y.NUM （
+
）
AND
X.INBOUND_QTY
+
NVL(Y.STOCK_ONHAND,
0
)
<>
X.STOCK_ONHAND ) B
WHERE
A.NUM
=
B.NUM
*
说明：
--
select
*
from
studentinfo
where
not
exists
(
select
*
from
student
where
studentinfo.id
=
student.id)
and
系名称
=
'
"&strdepartmentname&"
'
and
专业名称
=
'
"&strprofessionname&"
'
order
by
性别,生源地,高考总成绩
*
从数据库中去一年的各单位电话费统计(电话费定额贺电化肥清单两个表来源）
SELECT
a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
yyyy
'
)
AS
telyear,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
01
'
, a.factration))
AS
JAN,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
02
'
, a.factration))
AS
FRI,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
03
'
, a.factration))
AS
MAR,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
04
'
, a.factration))
AS
APR,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
05
'
, a.factration))
AS
MAY,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
06
'
, a.factration))
AS
JUE,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
07
'
, a.factration))
AS
JUL,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
08
'
, a.factration))
AS
AGU,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
09
'
, a.factration))
AS
SEP,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
10
'
, a.factration))
AS
OCT,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
11
'
, a.factration))
AS
NOV,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
12
'
, a.factration))
AS
DEC
FROM
(
SELECT
a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, b.telfeedate, b.factration
FROM
TELFEESTAND a, TELFEE b
WHERE
a.tel
=
b.telfax) a
GROUP
BY
a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
yyyy
'
)
*
说明：四表联查问题
select
*
from
a
left
inner
join
b
on
a.a
=
b.b
right
inner
join
c
on
a.a
=
c.c
inner
join
d
on
a.a
=
d.d
where
..
*
说明：得到表中最小的未使用的ID号
*
SELECT
(
CASE
WHEN
EXISTS
(
SELECT
*
FROM
Handle b
WHERE
b.HandleID
=
1
)
THEN
MIN
(HandleID)
+
1
ELSE
1
END
)
as
HandleID
FROM
Handle
WHERE
NOT
HandleID
IN
(
SELECT
a.HandleID
-
1
FROM
Handle a)
*
一个SQL语句的问题:行列转换
select
*
from
v_temp
上面的视图结果如下:
user_name
role_name
--
-----------------------
系统管理员 管理员
feng 管理员
feng 一般用户
test 一般用户
想把结果变成这样:
user_name
role_name
--
-------------------------
系统管理员 管理员
feng 管理员,一般用户
test 一般用户
===================
create
table
a_test(name
varchar
(
20
),role2
varchar
(
20
))
insert
into
a_test
values
(
'
李
'
,
'
管理员
'
)
insert
into
a_test
values
(
'
张
'
,
'
管理员
'
)
insert
into
a_test
values
(
'
张
'
,
'
一般用户
'
)
insert
into
a_test
values
(
'
常
'
,
'
一般用户
'
)
create
function
join_str(
@content
varchar
(
100
))
returns
varchar
(
2000
)
as
begin
declare
@str
varchar
(
2000
)
set
@str
=
''
select
@str
=
@str
+
'
,
'
+
rtrim
(role2)
from
a_test
where
[
name
]
=
@content
select
@str
=
right
(
@str
,
len
(
@str
)
-
1
)
return
@str
end
go
--
调用：
select
[
name
]
,dbo.join_str(
[
name
]
) role2
from
a_test
group
by
[
name
]
--
select distinct name,dbo.uf_test(name) from a_test
*
快速比较结构相同的两表
结构相同的两表，一表有记录3万条左右，一表有记录2万条左右，我怎样快速查找两表的不同记录？
============================
给你一个测试方法，从northwind中的orders表取数据。
select
*
into
n1
from
orders
select
*
into
n2
from
orders
select
*
from
n1
select
*
from
n2
--
添加主键，然后修改n1中若干字段的若干条
alter
table
n1
add
constraint
pk_n1_id
primary
key
(OrderID)
alter
table
n2
add
constraint
pk_n2_id
primary
key
(OrderID)
select
OrderID
from
(
select
*
from
n1
union
select
*
from
n2) a
group
by
OrderID
having
count
(
*
)
>
1
应该可以，而且将不同的记录的ID显示出来。
下面的适用于双方记录一样的情况，
select
*
from
n1
where
orderid
in
(
select
OrderID
from
(
select
*
from
n1
union
select
*
from
n2) a
group
by
OrderID
having
count
(
*
)
>
1
)
至于双方互不存在的记录是比较好处理的
--
删除n1,n2中若干条记录
delete
from
n1
where
orderID
in
(
'
10728
'
,
'
10730
'
)
delete
from
n2
where
orderID
in
(
'
11000
'
,
'
11001
'
)
--
*************************************************************
--
双方都有该记录却不完全相同
select
*
from
n1
where
orderid
in
(
select
OrderID
from
(
select
*
from
n1
union
select
*
from
n2) a
group
by
OrderID
having
count
(
*
)
>
1
)
union
--
n2中存在但在n1中不存的在10728,10730
select
*
from
n1
where
OrderID
not
in
(
select
OrderID
from
n2)
union
--
n1中存在但在n2中不存的在11000,11001
select
*
from
n2
where
OrderID
not
in
(
select
OrderID
from
n1)
*
四种方法取表里n到m条纪录：
1
.
select
top
m
*
into
临时表(或表变量)
from
tablename
order
by
columnname
--
将top m笔插入
set
rowcount
n
select
*
from
表变量
order
by
columnname
desc
2
.
select
top
n
*
from
(
select
top
m
*
from
tablename
order
by
columnname) a
order
by
columnname
desc
3
.如果tablename里没有其他identity列，那么：
select
identity
(
int
) id0,
*
into
#
temp
from
tablename
取n到m条的语句为：
select
*
from
#
temp
where
id0
>=
n
and
id0
<=
m
如果你在执行select
identity
(
int
) id0,
*
into
#
temp
from
tablename这条语句的时候报错,那是因为你的DB中间的select
into
/
bulkcopy属性没有打开要先执行：
exec
sp_dboption 你的DB名字,
'
select into/bulkcopy
'
,true
4
.如果表里有identity属性，那么简单：
select
*
from
tablename
where
identitycol
between
n
and
m
*
如何删除一个表中重复的记录？
create
table
a_dist(id
int
,name
varchar
(
20
))
insert
into
a_dist
values
(
1
,
'
abc
'
)
insert
into
a_dist
values
(
1
,
'
abc
'
)
insert
into
a_dist
values
(
1
,
'
abc
'
)
insert
into
a_dist
values
(
1
,
'
abc
'
)
exec
up_distinct
'
a_dist
'
,
'
id
'
select
*
from
a_dist
create
procedure
up_distinct(
@t_name
varchar
(
30
),
@f_key
varchar
(
30
))
--
f_key表示是分组字段﹐即主键字段
as
begin
declare
@max
integer
,
@id
varchar
(
30
) ,
@sql
varchar
(
7999
) ,
@type
integer
select
@sql
=
'
declare cur_rows cursor for select
'
+
@f_key
+
'
,count(*) from
'
+
@t_name
+
'
group by
'
+
@f_key
+
'
having count(*) > 1
'
exec
(
@sql
)
open
cur_rows
fetch
cur_rows
into
@id
,
@max
while
@@fetch_status
=
0
begin
select
@max
=
@max
-
1
set
rowcount
@max
select
@type
=
xtype
from
syscolumns
where
id
=
object_id
(
@t_name
)
and
name
=
@f_key
if
@type
=
56
select
@sql
=
'
delete from
'
+
@t_name
+
'
where
'
+
@f_key
+
'
=
'
+
@id
if
@type
=
167
select
@sql
=
'
delete from
'
+
@t_name
+
'
where
'
+
@f_key
+
'
=
'
+
''''
+
@id
+
''''
exec
(
@sql
)
fetch
cur_rows
into
@id
,
@max
end
close
cur_rows
deallocate
cur_rows
set
rowcount
0
end
select
*
from
systypes
select
*
from
syscolumns
where
id
=
object_id
(
'
a_dist
'
)
*
查询数据的最大排序问题（只能用一条语句写）
CREATE
TABLE
hard (qu
char
(
11
) ,co
char
(
11
) ,je numeric(
3
,
0
))
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
A
'
,
'
1
'
,
3
)
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
A
'
,
'
2
'
,
4
)
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
A
'
,
'
4
'
,
2
)
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
A
'
,
'
6
'
,
9
)
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
B
'
,
'
1
'
,
4
)
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
B
'
,
'
2
'
,
5
)
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
B
'
,
'
3
'
,
6
)
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
C
'
,
'
3
'
,
4
)
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
C
'
,
'
6
'
,
7
)
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
C
'
,
'
2
'
,
3
)
要求查询出来的结果如下：
qu co je
--
--------- ----------- -----
A
6
9
A
2
4
B
3
6
B
2
5
C
6
7
C
3
4
就是要按qu分组，每组中取je最大的前2位！！
而且只能用一句sql语句！！！
select
*
from
hard a
where
je
in
(
select
top
2
je
from
hard b
where
a.qu
=
b.qu
order
by
je)
*
求删除重复记录的sql语句？
怎样把具有相同字段的纪录删除，只留下一条。
例如，表test里有id,name字段
如果有name相同的记录 只留下一条，其余的删除。
name的内容不定，相同的记录数不定。
有没有这样的sql语句？
==============================
A:一个完整的解决方案：
将重复的记录记入temp1表:
select
[
标志字段id
]
,
count
(
*
)
into
temp1
from
[
表名
]
group
by
[
标志字段id
]
having
count
(
*
)
>
1
2
、将不重复的记录记入temp1表:
insert
temp1
select
[
标志字段id
]
,
count
(
*
)
from
[
表名
]
group
by
[
标志字段id
]
having
count
(
*
)
=
1
3
、作一个包含所有不重复记录的表：
select
*
into
temp2
from
[
表名
]
where
标志字段id
in
(
select
标志字段id
from
temp1)
4
、删除重复表:
delete
[
表名
]
5
、恢复表：
insert
[
表名
]
select
*
from
temp2
6
、删除临时表:
drop
table
temp1
drop
table
temp2
================================
B:
create
table
a_dist(id
int
,name
varchar
(
20
))
insert
into
a_dist
values
(
1
,
'
abc
'
)
insert
into
a_dist
values
(
1
,
'
abc
'
)
insert
into
a_dist
values
(
1
,
'
abc
'
)
insert
into
a_dist
values
(
1
,
'
abc
'
)
exec
up_distinct
'
a_dist
'
,
'
id
'
select
*
from
a_dist
create
procedure
up_distinct(
@t_name
varchar
(
30
),
@f_key
varchar
(
30
))
--
f_key表示是分组字段﹐即主键字段
as
begin
declare
@max
integer
,
@id
varchar
(
30
) ,
@sql
varchar
(
7999
) ,
@type
integer
select
@sql
=
'
declare cur_rows cursor for select
'
+
@f_key
+
'
,count(*) from
'
+
@t_name
+
'
group by
'
+
@f_key
+
'
having count(*) > 1
'
exec
(
@sql
)
open
cur_rows
fetch
cur_rows
into
@id
,
@max
while
@@fetch_status
=
0
begin
select
@max
=
@max
-
1
set
rowcount
@max
select
@type
=
xtype
from
syscolumns
where
id
=
object_id
(
@t_name
)
and
name
=
@f_key
if
@type
=
56
select
@sql
=
'
delete from
'
+
@t_name
+
'
where
'
+
@f_key
+
'
=
'
+
@id
if
@type
=
167
select
@sql
=
'
delete from
'
+
@t_name
+
'
where
'
+
@f_key
+
'
=
'
+
''''
+
@id
+
''''
exec
(
@sql
)
fetch
cur_rows
into
@id
,
@max
end
close
cur_rows
deallocate
cur_rows
set
rowcount
0
end
select
*
from
systypes
select
*
from
syscolumns
where
id
=
object_id
(
'
a_dist
'
)
*
行列转换
--
普通
假设有张学生成绩表(CJ)如下
Name Subject Result
张三 语文
80
张三 数学
90
张三 物理
85
李四 语文
85
李四 数学
92
李四 物理
82
想变成
姓名 语文 数学 物理
张三
80
90
85
李四
85
92
82
declare
@sql
varchar
(
4000
)
set
@sql
=
'
select Name
'
select
@sql
=
@sql
+
'
,sum(case Subject when
'''
+
Subject
+
'''
then Result end) [
'
+
Subject
+
'
]
'
from
(
select
distinct
Subject
from
CJ)
as
a
select
@sql
=
@sql
+
'
from test group by name
'
exec
(
@sql
)
行列转换
--
合并
有表A,
id pid
1
1
1
2
1
3
2
1
2
2
3
1
如何化成表B:
id pid
1
1
,
2
,
3
2
1
,
2
3
1
创建一个合并的函数
create
function
fmerg(
@id
int
)
returns
varchar
(
8000
)
as
begin
declare
@str
varchar
(
8000
)
set
@str
=
''
select
@str
=
@str
+
'
,
'
+
cast
(pid
as
varchar
)
from
表A
where
id
=
@id
set
@str
=
right
(
@str
,
len
(
@str
)
-
1
)
return
(
@str
)
End
go
--
调用自定义函数得到结果
select
distinct
id,dbo.fmerg(id)
from
表A
*
如何取得一个数据表的所有列名
方法如下：先从SYSTEMOBJECT系统表中取得数据表的SYSTEMID,然后再SYSCOLUMN表中取得该数据表的所有列名。
SQL语句如下：
declare
@objid
int
,
@objname
char
(
40
)
set
@objname
=
'
tablename
'
select
@objid
=
id
from
sysobjects
where
id
=
object_id
(
@objname
)
select
'
Column_name
'
=
name
from
syscolumns
where
id
=
@objid
order
by
colid
或
SELECT
*
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE
TABLE_NAME
=
'
users
'
*
通过SQL语句来更改用户的密码
修改别人的,需要sysadmin role
EXEC
sp_password
NULL
,
'
newpassword
'
,
'
User
'
如果帐号为SA执行EXEC sp_password
NULL
,
'
newpassword
'
, sa
*
怎么判断出一个表的哪些字段不允许为空？
select
COLUMN_NAME
from
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
where
IS_NULLABLE
=
'
NO
'
and
TABLE_NAME
=
tablename
*
如何在数据库里找到含有相同字段的表？
a. 查已知列名的情况
SELECT
b.name
as
TableName,a.name
as
columnname
From
syscolumns a
INNER
JOIN
sysobjects b
ON
a.id
=
b.id
AND
b.type
=
'
U
'
AND
a.name
=
'
你的字段名字
'
*
未知列名查所有在不同表出现过的列名
Select
o.name
As
tablename,s1.name
As
columnname
From
syscolumns s1, sysobjects o
Where
s1.id
=
o.id
And
o.type
=
'
U
'
And
Exists
(
Select
1
From
syscolumns s2
Where
s1.name
=
s2.name
And
s1.id
<>
s2.id
)
*
查询第xxx行数据
假设id是主键：
select
*
from
(
select
top
xxx
*
from
yourtable) aa
where
not
exists
(
select
1
from
(
select
top
xxx
-
1
*
from
yourtable) bb
where
aa.id
=
bb.id)
如果使用游标也是可以的
fetch
absolute
[
number
]
from
[
cursor_name
]
行数为绝对行数
*
SQL Server日期计算
a. 一个月的第一天
SELECT
DATEADD
(mm,
DATEDIFF
(mm,
0
,
getdate
()),
0
)
b. 本周的星期一
SELECT
DATEADD
(wk,
DATEDIFF
(wk,
0
,
getdate
()),
0
)
c. 一年的第一天
SELECT
DATEADD
(yy,
DATEDIFF
(yy,
0
,
getdate
()),
0
)
d. 季度的第一天
SELECT
DATEADD
(qq,
DATEDIFF
(qq,
0
,
getdate
()),
0
)
e. 上个月的最后一天
SELECT
dateadd
(ms,
-
3
,
DATEADD
(mm,
DATEDIFF
(mm,
0
,
getdate
()),
0
))
f. 去年的最后一天
SELECT
dateadd
(ms,
-
3
,
DATEADD
(yy,
DATEDIFF
(yy,
0
,
getdate
()),
0
))
g. 本月的最后一天
SELECT
dateadd
(ms,
-
3
,
DATEADD
(mm,
DATEDIFF
(m,
0
,
getdate
())
+
1
,
0
))
h. 本月的第一个星期一
select
DATEADD
(wk,
DATEDIFF
(wk,
0
,
dateadd
(dd,
6
-
datepart
(
day
,
getdate
()),
getdate
())
),
0
)
i. 本年的最后一天
SELECT
dateadd
(ms,
-
3
,
DATEADD
(yy,
DATEDIFF
(yy,
0
,
getdate
())
+
1
,
0
))。
*
获取表结构
[
把 'sysobjects' 替换 成 'tablename' 即可
]
SELECT
CASE
IsNull
(I.name,
''
)
When
''
Then
''
Else
'
*
'
End
as
IsPK,
Object_Name
(A.id)
as
t_name,
A.name
as
c_name,
IsNull
(
SubString
(M.
text
,
1
,
254
),
''
)
as
pbc_init,
T.name
as
F_DataType,
CASE
IsNull
(
TYPEPROPERTY
(T.name,
'
Scale
'
),
''
)
WHEN
''
Then
Cast
(A.prec
as
varchar
)
ELSE
Cast
(A.prec
as
varchar
)
+
'
,
'
+
Cast
(A.scale
as
varchar
)
END
as
F_Scale,
A.isnullable
as
F_isNullAble
FROM
Syscolumns
as
A
JOIN
Systypes
as
T
ON
(A.xType
=
T.xUserType
AND
A.Id
=
Object_id
(
'
sysobjects
'
) )
LEFT
JOIN
( SysIndexes
as
I
JOIN
Syscolumns
as
A1
ON
( I.id
=
A1.id
and
A1.id
=
object_id
(
'
sysobjects
'
)
and
(I.status
&
0x800
)
=
0x800
AND
A1.colid
<=
I.keycnt) )
ON
( A.id
=
I.id
AND
A.name
=
index_col
(
'
sysobjects
'
, I.indid, A1.colid) )
LEFT
JOIN
SysComments
as
M
ON
( M.id
=
A.cdefault
and
ObjectProperty
(A.cdefault,
'
IsConstraint
'
)
=
1
)
ORDER
BY
A.Colid
ASC
*
提取数据库内所有表的字段详细说明的SQL语句
SELECT
(
case
when
a.colorder
=
1
then
d.name
else
''
end
) N
'
表名
'
,
a.colorder N
'
字段序号
'
,
a.name N
'
字段名
'
,
(
case
when
COLUMNPROPERTY
( a.id,a.name,
'
IsIdentity
'
)
=
1
then
'
√
'
else
''
end
) N
'
标识
'
,
(
case
when
(
SELECT
count
(
*
)
FROM
sysobjects
WHERE
(name
in
(
SELECT
name
FROM
sysindexes
WHERE
(id
=
a.id)
AND
(indid
in
(
SELECT
indid
FROM
sysindexkeys
WHERE
(id
=
a.id)
AND
(colid
in
(
SELECT
colid
FROM
syscolumns
WHERE
(id
=
a.id)
AND
(name
=
a.name)))))))
AND
(xtype
=
'
PK
'
))
>
0
then
'
√
'
else
''
end
) N
'
主键
'
,
b.name N
'
类型
'
,
a.length N
'
占用字节数
'
,
COLUMNPROPERTY
(a.id,a.name,
'
PRECISION
'
)
as
N
'
长度
'
,
isnull
(
COLUMNPROPERTY
(a.id,a.name,
'
Scale
'
),
0
)
as
N
'
小数位数
'
,
(
case
when
a.isnullable
=
1
then
'
√
'
else
''
end
) N
'
允许空
'
,
isnull
(e.
text
,
''
) N
'
默认值
'
,
isnull
(g.
[
value
]
,
''
)
AS
N
'
字段说明
'
FROM
syscolumns a
left
join
systypes b
on
a.xtype
=
b.xusertype
inner
join
sysobjects d
on
a.id
=
d.id
and
d.xtype
=
'
U
'
and
d.name
<>
'
dtproperties
'
left
join
syscomments e
on
a.cdefault
=
e.id
left
join
sysproperties g
on
a.id
=
g.id
AND
a.colid
=
g.smallid
order
by
object_name
(a.id),a.colorder
*
快速获取表test的记录总数
[
对大容量表非常有效
]
快速获取表test的记录总数:
select
rows
from
sysindexes
where
id
=
object_id
(
'
test
'
)
and
indid
in
(
0
,
1
)
update
2
set
KHXH
=
(ID
+
1
)\
2
2行递增编号
update
[
23
]
set
id1
=
'
No.
'
+
right
(
'
00000000
'
+
id,
6
)
where
id
not
like
'
No%
'
//
递增
update
[
23
]
set
id1
=
'
No.
'
+
right
(
'
00000000
'
+
replace
(id1,
'
No.
'
,
''
),
6
)
//
补位递增
delete
from
[
1
]
where
(id
%
2
)
=
1
奇数
*
替换表名字段
update
[
1
]
set
domurl
=
replace
(domurl,
'
Upload/Imgswf/
'
,
'
Upload/Photo/
'
)
where
domurl
like
'
%Upload/Imgswf/%
'
*
截位
SELECT
LEFT
(表名,
5
)
熟悉SQL SERVER 2000的数据库管理员都知道，其DTS可以进行数据的导入导出，其实，我们也可以使用Transact
-
SQL语句进行导入导出操作。在 Transact
-
SQL语句中，我们主要使用OpenDataSource函数、
OPENROWSET
函数，关于函数的详细说明，请参考SQL联机帮助。利用下述方法，可以十分容易地实现SQL SERVER、ACCESS、EXCEL数据转换，详细说明如下：
一、SQL SERVER 和ACCESS的数据导入导出
常规的数据导入导出：
使用DTS向导迁移你的Access数据到SQL Server，你可以使用这些步骤:
○1在SQL SERVER企业管理器中的Tools（工具）菜单上，选择Data Transformation
○2Services（数据转换服务），然后选择 czdImport Data（导入数据）。
○3在Choose a Data Source（选择数据源）对话框中选择Microsoft Access
as
the Source，然后键入你的.mdb数据库(.mdb文件扩展名)的文件名或通过浏览寻找该文件。
○4在Choose a Destination（选择目标）对话框中，选择Microsoft OLE DB Prov ider
for
SQL Server，选择数据库服务器，然后单击必要的验证方式。
○5在Specify
Table
Copy（指定表格复制）或Query（查询）对话框中，单击Copy tables（复制表格）。
○6在Select Source Tables（选择源表格）对话框中，单击Select
All
（全部选定）。下一步，完成。
Transact
-
SQL语句进行导入导出：
1
.在SQL SERVER里查询access数据:
SELECT
*
FROM
OpenDataSource
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
Data Source="c:\DB.mdb";User ID=Admin;Password=
'
)表名
2
.将access导入SQL server
在SQL SERVER 里运行:
SELECT
*
INTO
newtable
FROM
OPENDATASOURCE
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
Data Source="c:\DB.mdb";User ID=Admin;Password=
'
)表名
3
.将SQL SERVER表里的数据插入到Access表中
在SQL SERVER 里运行：
insert
into
OpenDataSource
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
Data Source=" c:\DB.mdb";User ID=Admin;Password=
'
)表名 (列名1,列名2)
select
列名1,列名2
from
sql表
实例：
insert
into
OPENROWSET
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
C:\db.mdb
'
;
'
admin
'
;
''
, Test)
select
id,name
from
Test
INSERT
INTO
OPENROWSET
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
c:\trade.mdb
'
;
'
admin
'
;
''
, 表名)
SELECT
*
FROM
sqltablename
二、SQL SERVER 和EXCEL的数据导入导出
1
、在SQL SERVER里查询Excel数据:
SELECT
*
FROM
OpenDataSource
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
Data Source="c:\book1.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0
'
)
[
Sheet1$
]
下面是个查询的示例，它通过用于 Jet 的 OLE DB 提供程序查询 Excel 电子表格。
SELECT
*
FROM
OpenDataSource
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
Data Source="c:\Finance\account.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0
'
)xactions
2
、将Excel的数据导入SQL server :
SELECT
*
into
newtable
FROM
OpenDataSource
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
Data Source="c:\book1.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0
'
)
[
Sheet1$
]
实例:
SELECT
*
into
newtable
FROM
OpenDataSource
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
Data Source="c:\Finance\account.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0
'
)xactions
3
、将SQL SERVER中查询到的数据导成一个Excel文件
T
-
SQL代码：
EXEC
master..xp_cmdshell
'
bcp 库名.dbo.表名out c:\Temp.xls -c -q -S"servername" -U"sa" -P""
'
参数：S 是SQL服务器名；U是用户；P是密码
说明：还可以导出文本文件等多种格式
实例:
EXEC
master..xp_cmdshell
'
bcp saletesttmp.dbo.CusAccount out c:\temp1.xls -c -q -S"pmserver" -U"sa" -P"sa"
'
EXEC
master..xp_cmdshell
'
bcp "SELECT au_fname, au_lname FROM pubs..authors ORDER BY au_lname" queryout C:\ authors.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword
'
在VB6中应用ADO导出EXCEL文件代码：
Dim cn
As
New ADODB.Connection
cn.
open
"Driver
=
{SQL Server};Server
=
WEBSVR;
DataBase
=
WebMis;UID
=
sa;WD
=
123
;"
cn.
execute
"master..xp_cmdshell
'
bcp "SELECT col1, col2 FROM 库名.dbo.表名" queryout E:\DT.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword
'
"
4
、在SQL SERVER里往Excel插入数据:
insert
into
OpenDataSource
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
Data Source="c:\Temp.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0
'
)table1 (A1,A2,A3)
values
(
1
,
2
,
3
)
T
-
SQL代码：
INSERT
INTO
OPENDATASOURCE
(
'
Microsoft.JET.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;Data source=C:\training\inventur.xls
'
)
[
Filiale1$
]
(bestand, produkt)
VALUES
(
20
,
'
Test
'
)
总结：利用以上语句，我们可以方便地将SQL SERVER、ACCESS和EXCEL电子表格软件中的数据进行转换，为我们提供了极大方便！
*
说明：复制表(只复制结构,源表名：a 新表名：b)
select
*
into
b
from
a
where
1
<>
1
*
说明：拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名：a 目标表名：b)
insert
into
b(a, b, c)
select
d,e,f
from
b;
*
说明：显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间
select
a.title,a.username,b.adddate
from
table
a,(
select
max
(adddate) adddate
from
table
where
table
.title
=
a.title) b
*
说明：外连接查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)
select
a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f
from
a
LEFT
OUT
JOIN
b
ON
a.a
=
b.c
*
说明：日程安排提前五分钟提醒
select
*
from
日程安排
where
datediff
(
'
minute
'
,f开始时间,
getdate
())
>
5
*
说明：两张关联表，删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息
delete
from
info
where
not
exists
(
select
*
from
infobz
where
info.infid
=
infobz.infid )
*
说明：
--
SQL:
SELECT
A.NUM, A.NAME, B.UPD_DATE, B.PREV_UPD_DATE
FROM
TABLE1, (
SELECT
X.NUM, X.UPD_DATE, Y.UPD_DATE PREV_UPD_DATE
FROM
(
SELECT
NUM, UPD_DATE, INBOUND_QTY, STOCK_ONHAND
FROM
TABLE2
WHERE
TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,
'
YYYY/MM
'
)
=
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,
'
YYYY/MM
'
)) X, (
SELECT
NUM, UPD_DATE, STOCK_ONHAND
FROM
TABLE2
WHERE
TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,
'
YYYY/MM
'
)
=
TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,
'
YYYY/MM
'
)
||
'
/01
'
,
'
YYYY/MM/DD
'
)
-
1
,
'
YYYY/MM
'
) ) Y,
WHERE
X.NUM
=
Y.NUM （
+
）
AND
X.INBOUND_QTY
+
NVL(Y.STOCK_ONHAND,
0
)
<>
X.STOCK_ONHAND ) B
WHERE
A.NUM
=
B.NUM
*
说明：
--
select
*
from
studentinfo
where
not
exists
(
select
*
from
student
where
studentinfo.id
=
student.id)
and
系名称
=
'
"&strdepartmentname&"
'
and
专业名称
=
'
"&strprofessionname&"
'
order
by
性别,生源地,高考总成绩
*
从数据库中去一年的各单位电话费统计(电话费定额贺电化肥清单两个表来源）
SELECT
a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
yyyy
'
)
AS
telyear,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
01
'
, a.factration))
AS
JAN,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
02
'
, a.factration))
AS
FRI,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
03
'
, a.factration))
AS
MAR,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
04
'
, a.factration))
AS
APR,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
05
'
, a.factration))
AS
MAY,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
06
'
, a.factration))
AS
JUE,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
07
'
, a.factration))
AS
JUL,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
08
'
, a.factration))
AS
AGU,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
09
'
, a.factration))
AS
SEP,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
10
'
, a.factration))
AS
OCT,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
11
'
, a.factration))
AS
NOV,
SUM
(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
mm
'
),
'
12
'
, a.factration))
AS
DEC
FROM
(
SELECT
a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, b.telfeedate, b.factration
FROM
TELFEESTAND a, TELFEE b
WHERE
a.tel
=
b.telfax) a
GROUP
BY
a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate,
'
yyyy
'
)
*
说明：四表联查问题
select
*
from
a
left
inner
join
b
on
a.a
=
b.b
right
inner
join
c
on
a.a
=
c.c
inner
join
d
on
a.a
=
d.d
where
..
*
说明：得到表中最小的未使用的ID号
*
SELECT
(
CASE
WHEN
EXISTS
(
SELECT
*
FROM
Handle b
WHERE
b.HandleID
=
1
)
THEN
MIN
(HandleID)
+
1
ELSE
1
END
)
as
HandleID
FROM
Handle
WHERE
NOT
HandleID
IN
(
SELECT
a.HandleID
-
1
FROM
Handle a)
*
一个SQL语句的问题:行列转换
select
*
from
v_temp 上面的视图结果如下:
user_name
role_name
--
-----------------------
系统管理员 管理员 feng 管理员 feng 一般用户 test 一般用户 想把结果变成这样:
user_name
role_name
--
-------------------------
系统管理员 管理员 feng 管理员,一般用户 test 一般用户
===================
create
table
a_test(name
varchar
(
20
),role2
varchar
(
20
))
insert
into
a_test
values
(
'
李
'
,
'
管理员
'
)
insert
into
a_test
values
(
'
张
'
,
'
管理员
'
)
insert
into
a_test
values
(
'
张
'
,
'
一般用户
'
)
insert
into
a_test
values
(
'
常
'
,
'
一般用户
'
)
create
function
join_str(
@content
varchar
(
100
))
returns
varchar
(
2000
)
as
begin
declare
@str
varchar
(
2000
)
set
@str
=
''
select
@str
=
@str
+
'
,
'
+
rtrim
(role2)
from
a_test
where
[
name
]
=
@content
select
@str
=
right
(
@str
,
len
(
@str
)
-
1
)
return
@str
end
go
--
调用：
select
[
name
]
,dbo.join_str(
[
name
]
) role2
from
a_test
group
by
[
name
]
--
select distinct name,dbo.uf_test(name) from a_test
*
快速比较结构相同的两表 结构相同的两表，一表有记录3万条左右，一表有记录2万条左右，我怎样快速查找两表的不同记录？
============================
给你一个测试方法，从northwind中的orders表取数据。
select
*
into
n1
from
orders
select
*
into
n2
from
orders
select
*
from
n1
select
*
from
n2
--
添加主键，然后修改n1中若干字段的若干条
alter
table
n1
add
constraint
pk_n1_id
primary
key
(OrderID)
alter
table
n2
add
constraint
pk_n2_id
primary
key
(OrderID)
select
OrderID
from
(
select
*
from
n1
union
select
*
from
n2) a
group
by
OrderID
having
count
(
*
)
>
1
应该可以，而且将不同的记录的ID显示出来。 下面的适用于双方记录一样的情况，
select
*
from
n1
where
orderid
in
(
select
OrderID
from
(
select
*
from
n1
union
select
*
from
n2) a
group
by
OrderID
having
count
(
*
)
>
1
) 至于双方互不存在的记录是比较好处理的
--
删除n1,n2中若干条记录
delete
from
n1
where
orderID
in
(
'
10728
'
,
'
10730
'
)
delete
from
n2
where
orderID
in
(
'
11000
'
,
'
11001
'
)
--
*************************************************************
--
双方都有该记录却不完全相同
select
*
from
n1
where
orderid
in
(
select
OrderID
from
(
select
*
from
n1
union
select
*
from
n2) a
group
by
OrderID
having
count
(
*
)
>
1
)
union
--
n2中存在但在n1中不存的在10728,10730
select
*
from
n1
where
OrderID
not
in
(
select
OrderID
from
n2)
union
--
n1中存在但在n2中不存的在11000,11001
select
*
from
n2
where
OrderID
not
in
(
select
OrderID
from
n1)
*
四种方法取表里n到m条纪录：
1
.
select
top
m
*
into
临时表(或表变量)
from
tablename
order
by
columnname
--
将top m笔插入
set
rowcount
n
select
*
from
表变量
order
by
columnname
desc
2
.
select
top
n
*
from
(
select
top
m
*
from
tablename
order
by
columnname) a
order
by
columnname
desc
3
.如果tablename里没有其他identity列，那么：
select
identity
(
int
) id0,
*
into
#
temp
from
tablename 取n到m条的语句为：
select
*
from
#
temp
where
id0
>=
n
and
id0
<=
m 如果你在执行select
identity
(
int
) id0,
*
into
#
temp
from
tablename这条语句的时候报错,那是因为你的DB中间的select
into
/
bulkcopy属性没有打开要先执行：
exec
sp_dboption 你的DB名字,
'
select into/bulkcopy
'
,true
4
.如果表里有identity属性，那么简单：
select
*
from
tablename
where
identitycol
between
n
and
m
*
如何删除一个表中重复的记录？
create
table
a_dist(id
int
,name
varchar
(
20
))
insert
into
a_dist
values
(
1
,
'
abc
'
)
insert
into
a_dist
values
(
1
,
'
abc
'
)
insert
into
a_dist
values
(
1
,
'
abc
'
)
insert
into
a_dist
values
(
1
,
'
abc
'
)
exec
up_distinct
'
a_dist
'
,
'
id
'
select
*
from
a_dist
create
procedure
up_distinct(
@t_name
varchar
(
30
),
@f_key
varchar
(
30
))
--
f_key表示是分组字段﹐即主键字段
as
begin
declare
@max
integer
,
@id
varchar
(
30
) ,
@sql
varchar
(
7999
) ,
@type
integer
select
@sql
=
'
declare cur_rows cursor for select
'
+
@f_key
+
'
,count(*) from
'
+
@t_name
+
'
group by
'
+
@f_key
+
'
having count(*) > 1
'
exec
(
@sql
)
open
cur_rows
fetch
cur_rows
into
@id
,
@max
while
@@fetch_status
=
0
begin
select
@max
=
@max
-
1
set
rowcount
@max
select
@type
=
xtype
from
syscolumns
where
id
=
object_id
(
@t_name
)
and
name
=
@f_key
if
@type
=
56
select
@sql
=
'
delete from
'
+
@t_name
+
'
where
'
+
@f_key
+
'
=
'
+
@id
if
@type
=
167
select
@sql
=
'
delete from
'
+
@t_name
+
'
where
'
+
@f_key
+
'
=
'
+
''''
+
@id
+
''''
exec
(
@sql
)
fetch
cur_rows
into
@id
,
@max
end
close
cur_rows
deallocate
cur_rows
set
rowcount
0
end
select
*
from
systypes
select
*
from
syscolumns
where
id
=
object_id
(
'
a_dist
'
)
*
查询数据的最大排序问题（只能用一条语句写）
CREATE
TABLE
hard (qu
char
(
11
) ,co
char
(
11
) ,je numeric(
3
,
0
))
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
A
'
,
'
1
'
,
3
)
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
A
'
,
'
2
'
,
4
)
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
A
'
,
'
4
'
,
2
)
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
A
'
,
'
6
'
,
9
)
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
B
'
,
'
1
'
,
4
)
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
B
'
,
'
2
'
,
5
)
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
B
'
,
'
3
'
,
6
)
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
C
'
,
'
3
'
,
4
)
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
C
'
,
'
6
'
,
7
)
insert
into
hard
values
(
'
C
'
,
'
2
'
,
3
) 要求查询出来的结果如下： qu co je
--
--------- ----------- -----
A
6
9
A
2
4
B
3
6
B
2
5
C
6
7
C
3
4
就是要按qu分组，每组中取je最大的前2位！！ 而且只能用一句sql语句！！！
select
*
from
hard a
where
je
in
(
select
top
2
je
from
hard b
where
a.qu
=
b.qu
order
by
je)
*
求删除重复记录的sql语句？ 怎样把具有相同字段的纪录删除，只留下一条。 例如，表test里有id,name字段 如果有name相同的记录 只留下一条，其余的删除。 name的内容不定，相同的记录数不定。 有没有这样的sql语句？
==============================
A:一个完整的解决方案： 将重复的记录记入temp1表:
select
[
标志字段id
]
,
count
(
*
)
into
temp1
from
[
表名
]
group
by
[
标志字段id
]
having
count
(
*
)
>
1
2
、将不重复的记录记入temp1表:
insert
temp1
select
[
标志字段id
]
,
count
(
*
)
from
[
表名
]
group
by
[
标志字段id
]
having
count
(
*
)
=
1
3
、作一个包含所有不重复记录的表：
select
*
into
temp2
from
[
表名
]
where
标志字段id
in
(
select
标志字段id
from
temp1)
4
、删除重复表:
delete
[
表名
]
5
、恢复表：
insert
[
表名
]
select
*
from
temp2
6
、删除临时表:
drop
table
temp1
drop
table
temp2
================================
B:
create
table
a_dist(id
int
,name
varchar
(
20
))
insert
into
a_dist
values
(
1
,
'
abc
'
)
insert
into
a_dist
values
(
1
,
'
abc
'
)
insert
into
a_dist
values
(
1
,
'
abc
'
)
insert
into
a_dist
values
(
1
,
'
abc
'
)
exec
up_distinct
'
a_dist
'
,
'
id
'
select
*
from
a_dist
create
procedure
up_distinct(
@t_name
varchar
(
30
),
@f_key
varchar
(
30
))
--
f_key表示是分组字段﹐即主键字段
as
begin
declare
@max
integer
,
@id
varchar
(
30
) ,
@sql
varchar
(
7999
) ,
@type
integer
select
@sql
=
'
declare cur_rows cursor for select
'
+
@f_key
+
'
,count(*) from
'
+
@t_name
+
'
group by
'
+
@f_key
+
'
having count(*) > 1
'
exec
(
@sql
)
open
cur_rows
fetch
cur_rows
into
@id
,
@max
while
@@fetch_status
=
0
begin
select
@max
=
@max
-
1
set
rowcount
@max
select
@type
=
xtype
from
syscolumns
where
id
=
object_id
(
@t_name
)
and
name
=
@f_key
if
@type
=
56
select
@sql
=
'
delete from
'
+
@t_name
+
'
where
'
+
@f_key
+
'
=
'
+
@id
if
@type
=
167
select
@sql
=
'
delete from
'
+
@t_name
+
'
where
'
+
@f_key
+
'
=
'
+
''''
+
@id
+
''''
exec
(
@sql
)
fetch
cur_rows
into
@id
,
@max
end
close
cur_rows
deallocate
cur_rows
set
rowcount
0
end
select
*
from
systypes
select
*
from
syscolumns
where
id
=
object_id
(
'
a_dist
'
)
*
行列转换
--
普通
假设有张学生成绩表(CJ)如下 Name Subject Result 张三 语文
80
张三 数学
90
张三 物理
85
李四 语文
85
李四 数学
92
李四 物理
82
想变成 姓名 语文 数学 物理 张三
80
90
85
李四
85
92
82
declare
@sql
varchar
(
4000
)
set
@sql
=
'
select Name
'
select
@sql
=
@sql
+
'
,sum(case Subject when
'''
+
Subject
+
'''
then Result end) [
'
+
Subject
+
'
]
'
from
(
select
distinct
Subject
from
CJ)
as
a
select
@sql
=
@sql
+
'
from test group by name
'
exec
(
@sql
) 行列转换
--
合并
有表A, id pid
1
1
1
2
1
3
2
1
2
2
3
1
如何化成表B: id pid
1
1
,
2
,
3
2
1
,
2
3
1
创建一个合并的函数
create
function
fmerg(
@id
int
)
returns
varchar
(
8000
)
as
begin
declare
@str
varchar
(
8000
)
set
@str
=
''
select
@str
=
@str
+
'
,
'
+
cast
(pid
as
varchar
)
from
表A
where
id
=
@id
set
@str
=
right
(
@str
,
len
(
@str
)
-
1
)
return
(
@str
)
End
go
--
调用自定义函数得到结果
select
distinct
id,dbo.fmerg(id)
from
表A
*
如何取得一个数据表的所有列名 方法如下：先从SYSTEMOBJECT系统表中取得数据表的SYSTEMID,然后再SYSCOLUMN表中取得该数据表的所有列名。 SQL语句如下：
declare
@objid
int
,
@objname
char
(
40
)
set
@objname
=
'
tablename
'
select
@objid
=
id
from
sysobjects
where
id
=
object_id
(
@objname
)
select
'
Column_name
'
=
name
from
syscolumns
where
id
=
@objid
order
by
colid 或
SELECT
*
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE
TABLE_NAME
=
'
users
'
*
通过SQL语句来更改用户的密码 修改别人的,需要sysadmin role
EXEC
sp_password
NULL
,
'
newpassword
'
,
'
User
'
如果帐号为SA执行EXEC sp_password
NULL
,
'
newpassword
'
, sa
*
怎么判断出一个表的哪些字段不允许为空？
select
COLUMN_NAME
from
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
where
IS_NULLABLE
=
'
NO
'
and
TABLE_NAME
=
tablename
*
如何在数据库里找到含有相同字段的表？ a. 查已知列名的情况
SELECT
b.name
as
TableName,a.name
as
columnname
From
syscolumns a
INNER
JOIN
sysobjects b
ON
a.id
=
b.id
AND
b.type
=
'
U
'
AND
a.name
=
'
你的字段名字
'
*
未知列名查所有在不同表出现过的列名
Select
o.name
As
tablename,s1.name
As
columnname
From
syscolumns s1, sysobjects o
Where
s1.id
=
o.id
And
o.type
=
'
U
'
And
Exists
(
Select
1
From
syscolumns s2
Where
s1.name
=
s2.name
And
s1.id
<>
s2.id )
*
查询第xxx行数据 假设id是主键：
select
*
from
(
select
top
xxx
*
from
yourtable) aa
where
not
exists
(
select
1
from
(
select
top
xxx
-
1
*
from
yourtable) bb
where
aa.id
=
bb.id) 如果使用游标也是可以的
fetch
absolute
[
number
]
from
[
cursor_name
]
行数为绝对行数
*
SQL Server日期计算 a. 一个月的第一天
SELECT
DATEADD
(mm,
DATEDIFF
(mm,
0
,
getdate
()),
0
) b. 本周的星期一
SELECT
DATEADD
(wk,
DATEDIFF
(wk,
0
,
getdate
()),
0
) c. 一年的第一天
SELECT
DATEADD
(yy,
DATEDIFF
(yy,
0
,
getdate
()),
0
) d. 季度的第一天
SELECT
DATEADD
(qq,
DATEDIFF
(qq,
0
,
getdate
()),
0
) e. 上个月的最后一天
SELECT
dateadd
(ms,
-
3
,
DATEADD
(mm,
DATEDIFF
(mm,
0
,
getdate
()),
0
)) f. 去年的最后一天
SELECT
dateadd
(ms,
-
3
,
DATEADD
(yy,
DATEDIFF
(yy,
0
,
getdate
()),
0
)) g. 本月的最后一天
SELECT
dateadd
(ms,
-
3
,
DATEADD
(mm,
DATEDIFF
(m,
0
,
getdate
())
+
1
,
0
)) h. 本月的第一个星期一
select
DATEADD
(wk,
DATEDIFF
(wk,
0
,
dateadd
(dd,
6
-
datepart
(
day
,
getdate
()),
getdate
()) ),
0
) i. 本年的最后一天
SELECT
dateadd
(ms,
-
3
,
DATEADD
(yy,
DATEDIFF
(yy,
0
,
getdate
())
+
1
,
0
))。
*
获取表结构
[
把 'sysobjects' 替换 成 'tablename' 即可
]
SELECT
CASE
IsNull
(I.name,
''
)
When
''
Then
''
Else
'
*
'
End
as
IsPK,
Object_Name
(A.id)
as
t_name, A.name
as
c_name,
IsNull
(
SubString
(M.
text
,
1
,
254
),
''
)
as
pbc_init, T.name
as
F_DataType,
CASE
IsNull
(
TYPEPROPERTY
(T.name,
'
Scale
'
),
''
)
WHEN
''
Then
Cast
(A.prec
as
varchar
)
ELSE
Cast
(A.prec
as
varchar
)
+
'
,
'
+
Cast
(A.scale
as
varchar
)
END
as
F_Scale, A.isnullable
as
F_isNullAble
FROM
Syscolumns
as
A
JOIN
Systypes
as
T
ON
(A.xType
=
T.xUserType
AND
A.Id
=
Object_id
(
'
sysobjects
'
) )
LEFT
JOIN
( SysIndexes
as
I
JOIN
Syscolumns
as
A1
ON
( I.id
=
A1.id
and
A1.id
=
object_id
(
'
sysobjects
'
)
and
(I.status
&
0x800
)
=
0x800
AND
A1.colid
<=
I.keycnt) )
ON
( A.id
=
I.id
AND
A.name
=
index_col
(
'
sysobjects
'
, I.indid, A1.colid) )
LEFT
JOIN
SysComments
as
M
ON
( M.id
=
A.cdefault
and
ObjectProperty
(A.cdefault,
'
IsConstraint
'
)
=
1
)
ORDER
BY
A.Colid
ASC
*
提取数据库内所有表的字段详细说明的SQL语句
SELECT
(
case
when
a.colorder
=
1
then
d.name
else
''
end
) N
'
表名
'
, a.colorder N
'
字段序号
'
, a.name N
'
字段名
'
, (
case
when
COLUMNPROPERTY
( a.id,a.name,
'
IsIdentity
'
)
=
1
then
'
√
'
else
''
end
) N
'
标识
'
, (
case
when
(
SELECT
count
(
*
)
FROM
sysobjects
WHERE
(name
in
(
SELECT
name
FROM
sysindexes
WHERE
(id
=
a.id)
AND
(indid
in
(
SELECT
indid
FROM
sysindexkeys
WHERE
(id
=
a.id)
AND
(colid
in
(
SELECT
colid
FROM
syscolumns
WHERE
(id
=
a.id)
AND
(name
=
a.name)))))))
AND
(xtype
=
'
PK
'
))
>
0
then
'
√
'
else
''
end
) N
'
主键
'
, b.name N
'
类型
'
, a.length N
'
占用字节数
'
,
COLUMNPROPERTY
(a.id,a.name,
'
PRECISION
'
)
as
N
'
长度
'
,
isnull
(
COLUMNPROPERTY
(a.id,a.name,
'
Scale
'
),
0
)
as
N
'
小数位数
'
, (
case
when
a.isnullable
=
1
then
'
√
'
else
''
end
) N
'
允许空
'
,
isnull
(e.
text
,
''
) N
'
默认值
'
,
isnull
(g.
[
value
]
,
''
)
AS
N
'
字段说明
'
FROM
syscolumns a
left
join
systypes b
on
a.xtype
=
b.xusertype
inner
join
sysobjects d
on
a.id
=
d.id
and
d.xtype
=
'
U
'
and
d.name
<>
'
dtproperties
'
left
join
syscomments e
on
a.cdefault
=
e.id
left
join
sysproperties g
on
a.id
=
g.id
AND
a.colid
=
g.smallid
order
by
object_name
(a.id),a.colorder
*
快速获取表test的记录总数
[
对大容量表非常有效
]
快速获取表test的记录总数:
select
rows
from
sysindexes
where
id
=
object_id
(
'
test
'
)
and
indid
in
(
0
,
1
)
update
2
set
KHXH
=
(ID
+
1
)\
2
2行递增编号
update
[
23
]
set
id1
=
'
No.
'
+
right
(
'
00000000
'
+
id,
6
)
where
id
not
like
'
No%
'
//
递增
update
[
23
]
set
id1
=
'
No.
'
+
right
(
'
00000000
'
+
replace
(id1,
'
No.
'
,
''
),
6
)
//
补位递增
delete
from
[
1
]
where
(id
%
2
)
=
1
奇数
*
替换表名字段
update
[
1
]
set
domurl
=
replace
(domurl,
'
Upload/Imgswf/
'
,
'
Upload/Photo/
'
)
where
domurl
like
'
%Upload/Imgswf/%
'
*
截位
SELECT
LEFT
(表名,
5
)
熟悉SQL SERVER 2000的数据库管理员都知道，其DTS可以进行数据的导入导出，其实，我们也可以使用Transact
-
SQL语句进行导入导出操作。在 Transact
-
SQL语句中，我们主要使用OpenDataSource函数、
OPENROWSET
函数，关于函数的详细说明，请参考SQL联机帮助。利用下述方法，可以十分容易地实现SQL SERVER、ACCESS、EXCEL数据转换，详细说明如下：一、SQL SERVER 和ACCESS的数据导入导出常规的数据导入导出：使用DTS向导迁移你的Access数据到SQL Server，你可以使用这些步骤: ○1在SQL SERVER企业管理器中的Tools（工具）菜单上，选择Data Transformation ○2Services（数据转换服务），然后选择 czdImport Data（导入数据）。 ○3在Choose a Data Source（选择数据源）对话框中选择Microsoft Access
as
the Source，然后键入你的.mdb数据库(.mdb文件扩展名)的文件名或通过浏览寻找该文件。 ○4在Choose a Destination（选择目标）对话框中，选择Microsoft OLE DB Prov ider
for
SQL Server，选择数据库服务器，然后单击必要的验证方式。 ○5在Specify
Table
Copy（指定表格复制）或Query（查询）对话框中，单击Copy tables（复制表格）。 ○6在Select Source Tables（选择源表格）对话框中，单击Select
All
（全部选定）。下一步，完成。Transact
-
SQL语句进行导入导出：
1
.在SQL SERVER里查询access数据:
SELECT
*
FROM
OpenDataSource
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
Data Source="c:\DB.mdb";User ID=Admin;Password=
'
)表名
2
.将access导入SQL server在SQL SERVER 里运行:
SELECT
*
INTO
newtable
FROM
OPENDATASOURCE
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
Data Source="c:\DB.mdb";User ID=Admin;Password=
'
)表名
3
.将SQL SERVER表里的数据插入到Access表中在SQL SERVER 里运行：
insert
into
OpenDataSource
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
Data Source=" c:\DB.mdb";User ID=Admin;Password=
'
)表名 (列名1,列名2)
select
列名1,列名2
from
sql表实例：
insert
into
OPENROWSET
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
C:\db.mdb
'
;
'
admin
'
;
''
, Test)
select
id,name
from
Test
INSERT
INTO
OPENROWSET
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
c:\trade.mdb
'
;
'
admin
'
;
''
, 表名)
SELECT
*
FROM
sqltablename二、SQL SERVER 和EXCEL的数据导入导出
1
、在SQL SERVER里查询Excel数据:
SELECT
*
FROM
OpenDataSource
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
Data Source="c:\book1.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0
'
)
[
Sheet1$
]
下面是个查询的示例，它通过用于 Jet 的 OLE DB 提供程序查询 Excel 电子表格。
SELECT
*
FROM
OpenDataSource
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
Data Source="c:\Finance\account.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0
'
)xactions
2
、将Excel的数据导入SQL server :
SELECT
*
into
newtable
FROM
OpenDataSource
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
Data Source="c:\book1.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0
'
)
[
Sheet1$
]
实例:
SELECT
*
into
newtable
FROM
OpenDataSource
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
Data Source="c:\Finance\account.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0
'
)xactions
3
、将SQL SERVER中查询到的数据导成一个Excel文件T
-
SQL代码：
EXEC
master..xp_cmdshell
'
bcp 库名.dbo.表名out c:\Temp.xls -c -q -S"servername" -U"sa" -P""
'
参数：S 是SQL服务器名；U是用户；P是密码说明：还可以导出文本文件等多种格式实例:
EXEC
master..xp_cmdshell
'
bcp saletesttmp.dbo.CusAccount out c:\temp1.xls -c -q -S"pmserver" -U"sa" -P"sa"
'
EXEC
master..xp_cmdshell
'
bcp "SELECT au_fname, au_lname FROM pubs..authors ORDER BY au_lname" queryout C:\ authors.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword
'
在VB6中应用ADO导出EXCEL文件代码：Dim cn
As
New ADODB.Connectioncn.
open
"Driver
=
{SQL Server};Server
=
WEBSVR;
DataBase
=
WebMis;UID
=
sa;WD
=
123
;"cn.
execute
"master..xp_cmdshell
'
bcp "SELECT col1, col2 FROM 库名.dbo.表名" queryout E:\DT.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword
'
"
4
、在SQL SERVER里往Excel插入数据:
insert
into
OpenDataSource
(
'
Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
Data Source="c:\Temp.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0
'
)table1 (A1,A2,A3)
values
(
1
,
2
,
3
)T
-
SQL代码：
INSERT
INTO
OPENDATASOURCE
(
'
Microsoft.JET.OLEDB.4.0
'
,
'
Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;Data source=C:\training\inventur.xls
'
)
[
Filiale1$
]
(bestand, produkt)
VALUES
(
20
,
'
Test
'
) 总结：利用以上语句，我们可以方便地将SQL SERVER、ACCESS和EXCEL电子表格软件中的数据进行转换，为我们提供了极大方便！