使用Cobbler无人值守安装CentOS6.5(一)
Cobbler是一个快速网络安装linux的服务，而且在经过调整也可以支持网络安装windows。该工具使用python开发，小巧轻便（才15k行代码），使用简单的命令即可完成PXE网络安装环境的配置，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS，以及yum包镜像。
我用的系统是Centos6.5 64 位
配置epel yum源
我这用阿里云的epel
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mv
/etc/yum
.repos.d
/epel
.repo
/etc/yum
.repos.d
/epel
.repo.backup
wget -O
/etc/yum
.repos.d
/epel
.repo http:
//mirrors
.aliyun.com
/repo/epel-6
.repo
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安装cobbler需要的服务
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yum
install
dhcp tftp
rsync
xinetd httpd
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关闭selinux和防火墙自己做测试为了不影响就关了
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[root@i51 upimg]
# setenforce 0
[root@i51 upimg]
# service iptables stop
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安装cobbler并启动
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[root@i51 yum.repos.d]
# yum install cobbler -y
[root@i51 yum.repos.d]
# /etc/init.d/cobblerd start
Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ]
[root@i51 yum.repos.d]
# /etc/init.d/httpd start
Starting httpd:
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检查配置执行
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[root@i51 ~]
# cobbler check
Traceback (most recent call last):
File
"/usr/bin/cobbler"
, line 36,
in
<module>
sys.
exit
(app.main())
File
"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py"
, line 655,
in
main
rc = cli.run(sys.argv)
File
"/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py"
, line 270,
in
run
self.token = self.remote.login(
""
, self.shared_secret)
File
"/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py"
, line 1199,
in
__call__
return
self.__send(self.__name, args)
File
"/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py"
, line 1489,
in
__request
verbose=self.__verbose
File
"/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py"
, line 1253,
in
request
return
self._parse_response(h.getfile(), sock)
File
"/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py"
, line 1392,
in
_parse_response
return
u.close()
File
"/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py"
, line 838,
in
close
raise Fault(**self._stack[0])
xmlrpclib.Fault: <Fault 1:
"<class 'cobbler.cexceptions.CX'>:'login failed'"
>
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报错了
经过网上查找这样解决如下：
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[root@i51 ~]
# service cobblerd restart
Stopping cobbler daemon: [ OK ]
Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ]
[root@i51 ~]
# cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2014-10-23_131316_get_loaders
task started (
id
=Download Bootloader Content,
time
=Thu Oct 23 13:13:16 2014)
downloading http:
//www
.cobblerd.org
/loaders/README
to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading http:
//www
.cobblerd.org
/loaders/COPYING
.elilo to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING
.elilo
downloading http:
//www
.cobblerd.org
/loaders/COPYING
.yaboot to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING
.yaboot
downloading http:
//www
.cobblerd.org
/loaders/COPYING
.syslinux to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING
.syslinux
downloading http:
//www
.cobblerd.org
/loaders/elilo-3
.8-ia64.efi to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64
.efi
downloading http:
//www
.cobblerd.org
/loaders/yaboot-1
.3.14-12 to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading http:
//www
.cobblerd.org
/loaders/pxelinux
.0-3.86 to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux
.0
downloading http:
//www
.cobblerd.org
/loaders/menu
.c32-3.86 to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu
.c32
downloading http:
//www
.cobblerd.org
/loaders/grub-0
.97-x86.efi to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86
.efi
downloading http:
//www
.cobblerd.org
/loaders/grub-0
.97-x86_64.efi to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64
.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
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在检查配置
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[root@i51 ~]
# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : The
'server'
field
in
/etc/cobbler/settings
must be
set
to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable
hostname
or IP
for
the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the
'next_server'
field
in
/etc/cobbler/settings
must be
set
to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change
'disable'
to
'no'
in
/etc/xinetd
.d
/rsync
4 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
5 : ksvalidator was not found,
install
pykickstart
6 : The default password used by the sample templates
for
newly installed machines (default_password_crypted
in
/etc/cobbler/settings
) is still
set
to
'cobbler'
and should be changed, try:
"openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'"
to generate new one
7 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features.
install
cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and
then
run
'cobbler sync'
to apply changes.
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上面这段信息大意就是：
1，编辑/etc/cobbler/settings文件，找到 server选项，修改为适当的ip地址，本实例配置ip为：192.168.1.243
2，编辑/etc/cobbler/settings文件，找到 next_server选项，修改为适当的ip地址，本实例配置ip为：192.168.1.243
3，编辑/etc/xinetd.d/rsync文件，将文件中的disable字段的配置由yes改为no
4，提示说debmirror没安装。如果不是安装 debian之类的系统，此提示可以忽略，如果需要安装，下载地址为：
http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=debmirror
5，ksvalidator没有被发现，安装pykickstart
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[root@i51 ~]
# yum install pykickstart
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6，修改cobbler用户的默认密码，可以使用如下命令生成密码，并使用生成后的密码替换/etc/cobbler/settings中的密码。生成密码命令： 其中“random-phrase-here”为干扰码
openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'
7，fencing tools为找到安装
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[root@i51 ~]
# yum install fence-agents
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OK再来执行检查
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[root@i51 ~]
# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : The
'server'
field
in
/etc/cobbler/settings
must be
set
to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable
hostname
or IP
for
the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the
'next_server'
field
in
/etc/cobbler/settings
must be
set
to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
4 : The default password used by the sample templates
for
newly installed machines (default_password_crypted
in
/etc/cobbler/settings
) is still
set
to
'cobbler'
and should be changed, try:
"openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'"
to generate new one
Restart cobblerd and
then
run
'cobbler sync'
to apply changes.
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重启cobbler
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[root@i51 ~]
# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
Stopping cobbler daemon: [ OK ]
Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ]
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cobbler使用 导入安装文件
总体来说，在RHT/Centos 系列版本下，Cobbler的使用上不会遇到很大问题
Cobbler 主要的作用是，把DHCP 、Kickstart 的修改都集成在一个平台下做了管理
Cobbler 的精华 其实是 它启用了 Kickstart 配置模板，其中可以内嵌python代码
这部分技术，Cobbler叫做：snippets
在RHT/Centos 系列中，官方已经提供了不少这些代码，基本上调用一下就可以了，而Ubuntu下就非常的痛苦，必须自己开发（这部分的配置 暂且不表，后续有专门篇幅来介绍 )
以下是相关配置路径(默认安装) :
Cobbler 配置主要位置：/var/lib/cobbler/ （实际操作和配置的目录 )
snippets 代码 位置：/var/lib/cobbler/snippets/
Kickstart 模板 位置 : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
安装源镜像 位置 : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/ （把它link到apache的发布目录，方便kickstart 工作时通过http下载安装镜像文件 )
导入安装源
准备好安装光盘 (ISO)我的服务器上有这么多
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[root@i51 Soft]
# cd 镜像
像[root@i51 镜像]
# ls
CentOS-5.10-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.iso CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso oracle_10201_for_linux32.iso
CentOS-5.10-x86_64-bin-DVD-2of2.iso CentOS-7.0-1406-x86_64-DVD.iso redhat5_32
CentOS-5.5-i386-bin-DVD.iso cn_windows_7_ultimate_with_sp1_x86_dvd_u_677486.iso rhel-client-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso
CentOS-6.4-i386-bin-DVD1.iso kali-linux-1.0.9a-amd64.iso rhel-server-5.8-x86_64-dvd.iso
CentOS-6.4-i386-bin-DVD2.iso Office_Professional_Plus_2013.1403512018.img rhel-server-6.4-x86_64-dvd.iso
centOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso openfiler-2.3-x86-disc1.iso ubuntu-14.04-desktop-amd64.iso
像[root@i51 镜像]
# pwd
/var/ftp/pub/Soft/
镜像
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挂载 ISO
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[root@i51 镜像]
# mkdir /mnt/Centos6.5
像[root@i51 镜像]
# mount -o loop CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /mnt/Centos6.5/
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导入安装源 到Cobbler中
通过这个环节， Cobbler 会把安装的镜像ISO 拷贝到 源安装镜像目录下: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/
操作命令如下:
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[root@i51 镜像]
# cobbler import --path=/mnt/Centos6.5 --name=CentOS6.5 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2014-10-23_134307_import
task started (
id
=Media
import
,
time
=Thu Oct 23 13:43:07 2014)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Adding distros from path
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6
.5-x86_64:
creating new distro: CentOS6.5-x86_64
trying
symlink
:
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6
.5-x86_64 ->
/var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS6
.5-x86_64
creating new profile: CentOS6.5-x86_64
associating repos
checking
for
rsync
repo(s)
checking
for
rhn repo(s)
checking
for
yum repo(s)
starting descent into
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6
.5-x86_64
for
CentOS6.5-x86_64
processing repo at :
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6
.5-x86_64
need to process repo
/comps
:
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6
.5-x86_64
looking
for
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6
.5-x86_64
/repodata/
*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6
.5-x86_64
/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
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参数说明:
--name 为安装源定义一个名字
--arch 指定安装源是32位还是64位、ia64, 目前支持的选项有: x86│x86_64│ia64
注意： 这个安装源的唯一标示 就是根据这两个参数来定义
本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是：centos6.3-x86_64 ，如果重复，系统会提示导入失败
更多用法，可以查看官方文档: man cobbler ,然后查找 import 的配置
相关管理命令:
//查看导入源库列表
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[root@i51 镜像]
# cobbler distro list
CentOS6.5-x86_64
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配置dhcp服务
首先修改cobbler配置，让cobbler来管理dhcp服务，编辑文件/etc/cobbler/settings
manage_dhcp: 1
接下来修改/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template，此文件是cobbler管理dhcp的模板
本例中只需要修改如下部分
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subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.1.1;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.30 192.168.1.80;
default-lease-
time
21600;
max-lease-
time
43200;
next-server $next_server;
class
"pxeclients"
{
match
if
substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) =
"PXEClient"
;
if
option pxe-system-
type
= 00:02 {
filename
"ia64/elilo.efi"
;
}
else
if
option pxe-system-
type
= 00:06 {
filename
"grub/grub-x86.efi"
;
}
else
if
option pxe-system-
type
= 00:07 {
filename
"grub/grub-x86_64.efi"
;
}
else
{
filename
"/pxelinux.0"
;
}
}
}
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IP地址段根据你实际环境中的给定
其他可以不用改
重启xinetd
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[root@i51 镜像]
# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
Stopping xinetd: [ OK ]
Starting xinetd: [ OK ]
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同步cobbler配置
cobbler sync
输出如下
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[root@i51 镜像]cobbler syncrt
task started: 2014-10-23_141019_sync
task started (
id
=Sync,
time
=Thu Oct 23 14:10:19 2014)
running pre-
sync
triggers
cleaning trees
removing:
/var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS6
.5-x86_64
removing:
/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux
.cfg
/default
removing:
/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing:
/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86
.efi
removing:
/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64
.efi
removing:
/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing:
/var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS6
.5-x86_64
removing:
/var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86
.efi ->
/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86
.efi
trying hardlink
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64
.efi ->
/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64
.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files
for
distro: CentOS6.5-x86_64
trying hardlink
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6
.5-x86_64
/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
->
/var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS6
.5-x86_64
/vmlinuz
trying hardlink
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6
.5-x86_64
/images/pxeboot/initrd
.img ->
/var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS6
.5-x86_64
/initrd
.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files
for
distro: CentOS6.5-x86_64
trying hardlink
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6
.5-x86_64
/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
->
/var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS6
.5-x86_64
/vmlinuz
trying hardlink
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6
.5-x86_64
/images/pxeboot/initrd
.img ->
/var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS6
.5-x86_64
/initrd
.img
Writing template files
for
CentOS6.5-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd
.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating
/etc/xinetd
.d
/tftp
processing boot_files
for
distro: CentOS6.5-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-
sync
triggers
running python triggers from
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/
*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]
received on stderr:
running shell triggers from
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/
*
running python triggers from
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/
*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/
*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
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cobbler会自动进行初始化工作，移除已经存在的启动项，然后根据模板拷贝loader文件。之后再生成pxe的配置文件，生成dhcp的配置文件，最后再重启dhcp服务。
至此，就可以使用虚拟机来测试cobbler安装了。
OK开启真机或者虚拟机来测试注意开启网络引导 网卡要开启PXE 引导程序
测试如下
登陆后如下默认root密码为cobbler
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# 在要重装的机器安装koan
yum
install
koan
#查看cobbler服务器有哪些安装盘
koan --list-profiles --server=192.168.1.243
#选择要重装的系统并重启
koan --replace-self --server=192.168.1.243 --profile=CentOS-5-4-x86-64
reboot
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转载自：http://my.oschina.net/kcw/blog/336630