C++ Programming: Static Code Analysis and the New Language Standard C++0x

Abstract

    本文主要讨论C++0x标准中C++语言新特性描述和对Visual Studio2010的支持。以PVS-Studio为例，我们能看到是语言上的改变是如何影响到静态代码的分析工具。

 

原文：The article discusses the new capabilities of C++ language described in the standard C++0x and supported in Visual Studio 2010. By the example of PVS-Studio we will see how the changes in the language influence static code analysis tools.

Introduction

    新的C++语言标准C++0x正打算进入我们的生活，也许它最后的名字可能是C++11。这个新的语言标准已有部分已被Modern C++编译器支持，如Intel C++和Visual C++.这种支持当前并不成熟也不很明朗。首先，这个标准还未被接爱，其次，需要花时间去解释它的特点以加入到编译器中。编译器开发商……

原文：The new C++ language standard is about to come into our life. They are still calling it C++0x, although its final name seems to be C++11. The new standard is partially supported by modern C++ compilers, for example, Intel C++ and Visual C++. This support is far from being full-fledged and it is quite clear why. First, the standard has not been accepted yet, and second, it will take some time to introduce its specifics into compilers even when it is accepted.

Compiler developers are not the only ones for whom support of the new standard is important. The language innovations must be quickly provided with support in static source code analyzers. It is promised that the new standard will provide backward compatibility. The obsolete C++ code is almost guaranteed to be able to be correctly compiled by new compilers without any modifications. But it does not mean that a program that does not contain new language constructs still can be processed by a static analyzer that does not support the new standard C++0x. We got convinced of it in practice when trying to check a project created in the beta-version of Visual Studio 2010 with PVS-Studio. The point is about the header files that already use the new language constructs. For example, you may see that the header file "stddef.h" uses the new operator decltype:

namespace std { typedef decltype(__nullptr) nullptr_t; }

 

Such constructs are naturally considered syntactically wrong by an analyzer that does not support C++0x, and either cause a program abort or incorrect results. It got obvious that we must provide support for C++0x in PVS-Studio by the moment Visual Studio is released, at least to the extent it is done in this compiler.

We may say that we have fulfilled this task with success, and by the moment of writing this article, the new version PVS-Studio 3.50, integrating both into Visual Studio 2005/2008 and Visual Studio 2010, has become available on our site. Beginning with the version PVS-Studio 3.50, the tool provides support for the same part of C++0x standard as in Visual Studio 2010. This support is not perfect as, for example, in case of "right-angle brackets", but we will continue the work on developing the support for C++0x standard in the next versions.

In this article, we will study the new features of the language which are supported in the first edition of Visual Studio 2010. We will look at these features from different viewpoints: what this or that new ability is about, if there is a relation to 64-bit errors, how the new language construct is supported in PVS-Studio and how its appearance impacts the library VivaCore.

Note. VivaCore is a library of code parsing, analysis and transformation. VivaCore is an open-source library that supports the languages C and C++. The product PVS-Studio is based on VivaCore as well as other program projects may be created relying on this library.

The article we want to present may be called a report on the investigation and support of the new standard in PVS-Studio. The tool PVS-Studio diagnoses 64-bit and parallel OpenMP errors. But since the topic of moving to 64-bit systems is more relevant at the moment, we will mostly consider examples that show how to detect 64-bit errors with PVS-Studio.

 

 

出处：http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/cpp/article.php/c17109/C-Programming-Static-Code-Analysis-and-the-New-Language-Standard-C0x.htm