《Android动画高手成长记》跳跳球效果

在介绍本文动画效果实现之前,先来介绍属性动画相关的几个知识点。

  1. ValueAnimator与ObjectAnimator。
  2. Interpolator插值器与TypeEvaluator估值器。

在Android3.0之前,系统提供了两种动画效果实现方式,帧动画frame-by-frame animation和补间动画tweened animation。帧动画就是类似电影播放一样,将整部影片拆分成一片片的然后连贯起来播放。补间动画则可以实现对view的缩放、平移、旋转等操作。在3.0之后,出现了一种新的动画模式称为属性动画property animation。

属性动画产生的原因

属性动画的出现不是用来替代补间动画的,而是用来解决补间动画所不能够完成的事件的。如果我们的需求超出了操控view的旋转、缩放、平移等操作范围,那么我们就需选择属性动画去实现了。那么属性动画可以做到哪些补间动画做不到的事情呢?下面列举几点,当然属性动画的功能很强大,不仅限于我列举的几点。

  1. 属性动画可以做到对一个非view类进行动画操作。
  2. 属性动画可以做到真正的改变view对象的属性值。而补间动画只是改变了view的动画效果。

ValueAnimator与ObjectAnimator

ObjectAnimator是属性动画中最总要的执行类,ObjectAnimator可以操作某个对象的属性值,但是这个属性值必须要有get和set方法,同时也可以设置view的执行线路,通过插值器来控制。
举个简单的例子:

ObjectAnimator
.ofFloat(view, "rotationY", 0.0F, 360.0F)
.setDuration(500)
.start();

其可操作的属性有x/y;scaleX/scaleY;rotationX/ rotationY;transitionX/ transitionY等。
上面的例子是修改view的单个属性值,同样也可以同时修改多个属性,下面介绍两种

  1. PropertyValuesHolder属性值持有者

    PropertyValuesHolder pvhLeft = PropertyValuesHolder.ofInt("left", 0, 1);
    
    PropertyValuesHolder pvhTop = PropertyValuesHolder.ofInt("top", 0, 1);
    
    ObjectAnimator.ofPropertyValuesHolder( this, pvhLeft, pvhTop).
    
  2. 提供一个不存在的属性值

    ObjectAnimator anim = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view, "long", 1.0F, 0.0F).setDuration(500);
    anim.start();
    anim.UpdateListener(new AnimatorUpdateListener() {
        @Override
        public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) {
            float cVal = (Float) animation.getAnimatedValue();
            view.setAlpha(cVal);
            view.setScaleX(cVal);
            view.setScaleY(cVal);
        }
    });
    

上面提到的都是修改对象已有的setter和getter方法的属性值。那么如果对象没有为某个属性提供提供setter和getter方法呢,我们也可以做到修改这些属性值,下面提供两种实现方式:

  1. 通过valueAnimation来实现,这个下面会讲解。
  2. 通过自己写一个包装类来实现。然后为该属性提供setter和getter方法。

    class ViewWrapper{
        private View mView;
        public int getWidth(){
            return mView.getLayoutParams().width;
        }
    }
    

ValueAnimator包含Property Animation动画的所有核心功能,如动画时间,开始、结束属性值,相应时间属性值计算方法等。
属性动画的应用有两个步骤:
1、计算属性的值。2、根据属性值执行相应的动作。
ValueAnimator只是完成了第一步骤,而要完成第二步还要借助于ValueAnimator.onUpdateListener接口,在此方法中可以通过ValueAnimator对象的getAnimatedValue()函数可以得到当前的属性值。

ValueAnimator animation = ValueAnimator.ofFloat(0f, 1f);
animation.setDuration(1000);
animation.addUpdateListener(new AnimatorUpdateListener  () {
    @Override
     public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) {
         Log.i("update", ((Float)animation.getAnimatedValue()).toString());
         // 此处可以根据getAnimatedValue获取到的属性值改变view相关的属性从而执行某些动作
     }
});
animation.setInterpolator(new CycleInterpolator(3));
animation.start();

Time Interpolator插值器与TypeEvaluator估值器

Time interplator:定义了属性值变化的方式,如线性均匀改变,开始慢然后逐渐快等。在Property Animation中是TimeInterplator,在View Animation中是Interplator,这两个是一样的,在3.0之前只有Interplator,3.0之后实现代码转移至了TimeInterplator。Interplator继承自TimeInterplator,内部没有任何其他代码。

  1. AccelerateInterpolator 加速,开始时慢中间加速
  2. DecelerateInterpolator 减速,开始时快然后减速
  3. AccelerateDecelerateInterolator 先加速后减速,开始结束时慢,中间加速
  4. AnticipateInterpolator 反向 ,先向相反方向改变一段再加速播放
  5. AnticipateOvershootInterpolator 反向加回弹,先向相反方向改变,再加速播放,会超出目的值然后缓慢移动至目的值
  6. BounceInterpolator 跳跃,快到目的值时值会跳跃,如目的值100,后面的值可能依次为85,77,70,80,90,100
  7. CycleIinterpolator 循环,动画循环一定次数,值的改变为一正弦函数:Math.sin(2 * mCycles * Math.PI * input)
  8. LinearInterpolator 线性,线性均匀改变
  9. OvershottInterpolator 回弹,最后超出目的值然后缓慢改变到目的值
  10. TimeInterpolator 一个接口,允许你自定义interpolator,以上几个都是实现了这个接口

TypeEvaluator:根据属性的开始、结束值与TimeInterpolation计算出的因子计算出当前时间的属性值,android提供了以下几个evalutor:

  1. IntEvaluator:属性的值类型为int。
  2. FloatEvaluator:属性的值类型为float。
  3. ArgbEvaluator:属性的值类型为十六进制颜色值。
  4. TypeEvaluator:一个接口,可以通过实现该接口自定义Evaluator。

当然我们也可以自己定义估值器,如下:

public class FloatEvaluator implements TypeEvaluator {
     public Object evaluate(float fraction, Object startValue, Object endValue) {
            float startFloat = ((Number) startValue).floatValue();
            return startFloat + fraction * (((Number) endValue).floatValue() - startFloat);
     }
}

实例
接下来我们要实现的就是如下的 效果图:
《Android动画高手成长记》跳跳球效果_第1张图片
在本例的实现中我们的重点也是在ValueAnimator和ObjectAnimator中读者可以结合上述知识内容来消化本例的动画技术。附上代码:

package com.example.custom.animation;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import com.example.custom.R;
import android.animation.Animator;
import android.animation.AnimatorListenerAdapter;
import android.animation.AnimatorSet;
import android.animation.ArgbEvaluator;
import android.animation.ObjectAnimator;
import android.animation.ValueAnimator;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.RadialGradient;
import android.graphics.Shader;
import android.graphics.drawable.ShapeDrawable;
import android.graphics.drawable.shapes.OvalShape;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.animation.AccelerateInterpolator;
import android.view.animation.DecelerateInterpolator;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;

public class BouncingBalls extends Activity {

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.bouncing_balls);
        LinearLayout container = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.container);
        container.addView(new MyAnimationView(this));
    }

    public class MyAnimationView extends View {

        private static final int RED = 0xffFF8080;
        private static final int BLUE = 0xff8080FF;

        public final ArrayList<ShapeHolder> balls = new ArrayList<ShapeHolder>();
        AnimatorSet animation = null;


        public MyAnimationView(Context context) {
            super(context);
            ValueAnimator colorAnim = ObjectAnimator.ofInt(this, "backgroundColor", RED, BLUE);
            colorAnim.setDuration(3000);
            colorAnim.setEvaluator(new ArgbEvaluator());
            colorAnim.setRepeatCount(ValueAnimator.INFINITE);
            colorAnim.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.REVERSE);
            colorAnim.start();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {

            if (event.getAction() != MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN &&
                    event.getAction() != MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE) {
                return false;
            }

            // 初始化一个跳跳球
            ShapeHolder newBall = initBouncingBall(event.getX(), event.getY());

            float startY = newBall.getY();
            float endY = getHeight() - 50;
            float h = (float)getHeight();
            float eventY = event.getY();
            int duration = (int)(500 * ((h - eventY)/h));

            // 操作newBall的Y属性值
            ValueAnimator bounceAnim = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "y", startY, endY);
            bounceAnim.setDuration(duration);
            bounceAnim.setInterpolator(new AccelerateInterpolator());

            ValueAnimator squashAnim1 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "x", newBall.getX(),newBall.getX() - 25f);
            squashAnim1.setDuration(duration/4);
            squashAnim1.setRepeatCount(1);
            squashAnim1.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.REVERSE);
            squashAnim1.setInterpolator(new DecelerateInterpolator());

            ValueAnimator squashAnim2 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "width", newBall.getWidth(),newBall.getWidth() + 50);
            squashAnim2.setDuration(duration/4);
            squashAnim2.setRepeatCount(1);
            squashAnim2.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.REVERSE);
            squashAnim2.setInterpolator(new DecelerateInterpolator());

            ValueAnimator stretchAnim1 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "y", endY, endY + 25f);
            stretchAnim1.setDuration(duration/4);
            stretchAnim1.setRepeatCount(1);
            stretchAnim1.setInterpolator(new DecelerateInterpolator());
            stretchAnim1.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.REVERSE);

            ValueAnimator stretchAnim2 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "height",newBall.getHeight(), newBall.getHeight() - 25);
            stretchAnim2.setDuration(duration/4);
            stretchAnim2.setRepeatCount(1);
            stretchAnim2.setInterpolator(new DecelerateInterpolator());
            stretchAnim2.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.REVERSE);

            ValueAnimator bounceBackAnim = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "y", endY, startY);
            bounceBackAnim.setDuration(duration);
            bounceBackAnim.setInterpolator(new DecelerateInterpolator());

            AnimatorSet bouncer = new AnimatorSet();
            bouncer.play(bounceAnim).before(squashAnim1);
            bouncer.play(squashAnim1).with(squashAnim2);
            bouncer.play(squashAnim1).with(stretchAnim1);
            bouncer.play(squashAnim1).with(stretchAnim2);
            bouncer.play(bounceBackAnim).after(stretchAnim2);

            ValueAnimator fadeAnim = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "alpha", 1f, 0f);
            fadeAnim.setDuration(250);
            fadeAnim.addListener(new AnimatorListenerAdapter() {
                @Override
                public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animation) {
                    balls.remove(((ObjectAnimator)animation).getTarget());
                }
            });

            AnimatorSet animatorSet = new AnimatorSet();
            animatorSet.play(bouncer).before(fadeAnim);

            animatorSet.start();

            return true;
        }

        private ShapeHolder initBouncingBall(float x, float y) {

            int red = (int)(Math.random() * 255);
            int green = (int)(Math.random() * 255);
            int blue = (int)(Math.random() * 255);
            int color = 0xff000000 | red << 16 | green << 8 | blue;
            int darkColor = 0xff000000 | red/4 << 16 | green/4 << 8 | blue/4;

            // 实例化一个圆形
            OvalShape circle = new OvalShape();
            circle.resize(50f, 50f);

            // 设置画笔的形状
            ShapeDrawable drawable = new ShapeDrawable(circle);
            Paint paint = drawable.getPaint(); 

            // 第一个,第二个参数表示渐变圆中心坐标,半径,圆心颜色,圆边缘颜色,渲染器平铺模式
            RadialGradient gradient = new RadialGradient(37.5f, 12.5f, 50f, color, darkColor, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP);
            // 给画笔设置著色器
            paint.setShader(gradient);

            ShapeHolder shapeHolder = new ShapeHolder(drawable);
            shapeHolder.setX(x - 25f);
            shapeHolder.setY(y - 25f);
            shapeHolder.setPaint(paint);
            balls.add(shapeHolder);

            return shapeHolder;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
            for (int i = 0; i < balls.size(); ++i) {
                ShapeHolder shapeHolder = balls.get(i);
                canvas.save();
                canvas.translate(shapeHolder.getX(), shapeHolder.getY());
                shapeHolder.getShape().draw(canvas);
                canvas.restore();
            }
        }
    }
}
package com.example.custom.animation;

import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.RadialGradient;
import android.graphics.drawable.ShapeDrawable;
import android.graphics.drawable.shapes.Shape;
import android.view.View;


public class ShapeHolder {
    private float x = 0, y = 0;
    private int color;
    private float alpha = 1f;
    private Paint paint;
    private ShapeDrawable shape;
    private RadialGradient gradient;
    public void setPaint(Paint value) {
        paint = value;
    }
    public Paint getPaint() {
        return paint;
    }

    public void setX(float value) {
        x = value;
    }
    public float getX() {
        return x;
    }
    public void setY(float value) {
        y = value;
    }
    public float getY() {
        return y;
    }
    public void setShape(ShapeDrawable value) {
        shape = value;
    }
    public ShapeDrawable getShape() {
        return shape;
    }
    public int getColor() {
        return color;
    }
    public void setColor(int value) {
        shape.getPaint().setColor(value);
        color = value;
    }
    public void setGradient(RadialGradient value) {
        gradient = value;
    }
    public RadialGradient getGradient() {
        return gradient;
    }

    public void setAlpha(float alpha) {
        this.alpha = alpha;
        shape.setAlpha((int)((alpha * 255f) + .5f));
    }

    public float getWidth() {
        return shape.getShape().getWidth();
    }

    public void setWidth(float width) {
        Shape s = shape.getShape();
        s.resize(width, s.getHeight());
    }

    public float getHeight() {
        return shape.getShape().getHeight();
    }
    public void setHeight(float height) {
        Shape s = shape.getShape();
        s.resize(s.getWidth(), height);
    }

    public ShapeHolder(ShapeDrawable s) {
        shape = s;
    }
}

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