Linux输入子系统(3):evdev.c

linux内核中有很多自带的input_handler,其中evdev_handler是做常见的,因为它可以匹配任何的input_dev设备。下面我们就对它做一番简要的介绍

一、evdev注册过程
evdev注册如下:

static struct input_handler evdev_handler = {
	.event		= evdev_event,//当硬件有事件上传将调用
	.connect	= evdev_connect,//当有新的input_dev和它匹配成功时调用(来者不拒)
	.disconnect	= evdev_disconnect,
	.fops		= &evdev_fops,//提供读写函数
	.minor		= EVDEV_MINOR_BASE,//次设备起始号
	.name		= "evdev",
	.id_table	= evdev_ids,//它可接受的input_dev条件
};

static int __init evdev_init(void)
{
	return input_register_handler(&evdev_handler);
}

static void __exit evdev_exit(void)
{
	input_unregister_handler(&evdev_handler);
}

int input_register_handler(struct input_handler *handler)
{
	struct input_dev *dev;
	int retval;

	retval = mutex_lock_interruptible(&input_mutex);
	if (retval)
		return retval;

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&handler->h_list);//初始化handler的handle链表头

	if (handler->fops != NULL) {
		if (input_table[handler->minor >> 5]) {
			retval = -EBUSY;
			goto out;
		}
		input_table[handler->minor >> 5] = handler;//将该handler放到input维护的全局input_table数组
	}

	list_add_tail(&handler->node, &input_handler_list);//将该handler放到input维护的全局input_handler_list链表

	list_for_each_entry(dev, &input_dev_list, node)//取出input维护的全局input_dev_list链表
		input_attach_handler(dev, handler);//找出和新注册的handler匹配的dev设备

	input_wakeup_procfs_readers();

 out:
	mutex_unlock(&input_mutex);
	return retval;
}

input_attach_handler用来匹配dev和handler

static int input_attach_handler(struct input_dev *dev, struct input_handler *handler)
{
	const struct input_device_id *id;
	int error;

	if (handler->blacklist && input_match_device(handler->blacklist, dev))//如果dev在handler的黑名单中就直接返回
		return -ENODEV;

	id = input_match_device(handler->id_table, dev);//通过handler的id_table来匹配
	if (!id)
		return -ENODEV;

	error = handler->connect(handler, dev, id);//匹配成功就调用handler的connect函数
	if (error && error != -ENODEV)
		printk(KERN_ERR"input: failed to attach handler %s to device %s,""error: %d\n",handler->name,kobject_name(&dev->dev.kobj), error);

	return error;
}

在介绍evdev_handler之前先介绍下evdev_handler里面几个重要的数据类型。

在介绍evdev_handler之前先介绍下evdev_handler里面几个重要的数据类型。
#define EVDEV_MINOR_BASE	64  //evdev的设备次设备起始为64
#define EVDEV_MINORS		32  //最大支持32个设备
#define EVDEV_BUFFER_SIZE	64  
struct evdev {
	int exist;//该evdev是否存在,在connect中被赋值
	int open;//该evdev是否被打开
	int minor;//次设备号
	char name[16];
	struct input_handle handle;//evdev关联的handle
	wait_queue_head_t wait;//当有应用程序读evdev时,如果没有数据,就在上面睡起
	struct evdev_client *grab;
	struct list_head client_list;//evdev管理的evdev_client链表
	spinlock_t client_lock; /* protects client_list */
	struct mutex mutex;
	struct device dev;//设备模型的东东
};
struct evdev_client {
	struct input_event buffer[EVDEV_BUFFER_SIZE];//缓冲区大小
	int head;//环形缓冲区头
	int tail;//环形缓冲区尾
	spinlock_t buffer_lock; /* protects access to buffer, head and tail */
	struct fasync_struct *fasync;
	struct evdev *evdev;//evdev_client挂靠的单位
	struct list_head node;//用于将evdev_client挂靠在evdev的client_list链表上
};
static struct evdev *evdev_table[EVDEV_MINORS];//evdev最多能处理32的设备
现在来理下struct input_dev,struct input_handler,struct input_handle,struct evdev,struct evdev_client的关系吧
struct input_dev    和一个硬件相关联,主要描述了该硬件支持什么事件,上报事件;
struct input_handler主要就提供了设备的操作函数,比如读写等
struct input_handle 当input_dev和struct input_handler相匹配的时候就新建一个struct input_handle作为它们的中间人
struct evdev        当某个struct input_dev和evdev_handler匹配成功后就新建一个struct evdev,看到这里是不是有点和
                       struct input_handle产生的时间一致呀,起始该结构体内部就包含一个struct input_handle;不过结合了
                       一些其他信息,可以把它看做是struct input_handle的升级版。
struct evdev_client 主要跟应用程序有关.每打开一次设备就新建一个struct evdev_client,里面保存了应用程序要读取的数据
                       以及数据的位置。

在dev和handler匹配成功时调用evdev_connect

static int evdev_connect(struct input_handler *handler, struct input_dev *dev,const struct input_device_id *id)
{
	struct evdev *evdev;
	int minor;
	int error;

	for (minor = 0; minor < EVDEV_MINORS; minor++)//evdev支持32设备,如果分配使用完就返回
		if (!evdev_table[minor])
			break;
	if (minor == EVDEV_MINORS) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "evdev: no more free evdev devices\n");
		return -ENFILE;
	}

	evdev = kzalloc(sizeof(struct evdev), GFP_KERNEL);//新建一个struct evdev
	if (!evdev)
		return -ENOMEM;

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&evdev->client_list);//初始化client_list链表头,代表了有多少应用读写这个evdev设备
	spin_lock_init(&evdev->client_lock);
	mutex_init(&evdev->mutex);
	init_waitqueue_head(&evdev->wait);//初始化等待队列,当evdev没有数据可读时,就在该等待队列上睡眠

	snprintf(evdev->name, sizeof(evdev->name), "event%d", minor);//设备新产生的设备的名字
	evdev->exist = 1;
	evdev->minor = minor;//新产生的evdev分配到的次设备号

	evdev->handle.dev = input_get_device(dev);//初始化evdev里面的handle
	evdev->handle.name = evdev->name;
	evdev->handle.handler = handler;
	evdev->handle.private = evdev;

	dev_set_name(&evdev->dev, evdev->name);//初始化evdev里面的dev
	evdev->dev.devt = MKDEV(INPUT_MAJOR, EVDEV_MINOR_BASE + minor);
	evdev->dev.class = &input_class;
	evdev->dev.parent = &dev->dev;
	evdev->dev.release = evdev_free;
	device_initialize(&evdev->dev);

	error = input_register_handle(&evdev->handle);//将handle挂靠在dev和handler的链表中
	if (error)
		goto err_free_evdev;

	error = evdev_install_chrdev(evdev);//将新建的evdev放到evdev_table链表中去
	if (error)
		goto err_unregister_handle;

	error = device_add(&evdev->dev);//将该设备加入到linux设备模型中去
	if (error)
		goto err_cleanup_evdev;

	return 0;

 err_cleanup_evdev:
	evdev_cleanup(evdev);
 err_unregister_handle:
	input_unregister_handle(&evdev->handle);
 err_free_evdev:
	put_device(&evdev->dev);
	return error;
}

到这里input_register_handler的注册工作就完成了,就是有几个input_dev需要我,我就建几个evdev来迎合它。

二、应用程序open操作

当我们使用应用程序的open函数打开一个event设备时,通过该设备的主设备号,调用input注册的input_open_file函数
该函数中通过此设备号在input_table数组中找到它的input_handler,然后调用input_handler里面的open函数。

static int evdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	struct evdev *evdev;
	struct evdev_client *client;//evdev_open是应用程序open的调用才导致调用的,一个应用程序调用机会新建一个struct evdev_client
	int i = iminor(inode) - EVDEV_MINOR_BASE;//根据次设备得到要操作的设备在evdev_table中的下标
	int error;

	if (i >= EVDEV_MINORS)
		return -ENODEV;

	error = mutex_lock_interruptible(&evdev_table_mutex);
	if (error)
		return error;
	evdev = evdev_table[i];//从evdev_table取出evdev设备
	if (evdev)
		get_device(&evdev->dev);
	mutex_unlock(&evdev_table_mutex);

	if (!evdev)
		return -ENODEV;
	client = kzalloc(sizeof(struct evdev_client), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!client) {
		error = -ENOMEM;
		goto err_put_evdev;
	}
	spin_lock_init(&client->buffer_lock);
	client->evdev = evdev;//说明client读取的数据来自evdev设备
	evdev_attach_client(evdev, client);//将client挂靠在evdev的client_list链表中去

	error = evdev_open_device(evdev);//将evdev设置为打开状态
	if (error)
		goto err_free_client;
        /*
         *应用程序打开一个设备,系统就给它分配struct file *file
         *每个应用程序读这个evdev设备,就专门为它分配一个client为它服务
         *此处就是将它们关联起来
         */
	file->private_data = client;
	return 0;

 err_free_client:
	evdev_detach_client(evdev, client);
	kfree(client);
 err_put_evdev:
	put_device(&evdev->dev);
	return error;
}

evdev_open中调用evdev_open_device来设置evdev和它的handle的状态

static int evdev_open_device(struct evdev *evdev)
{
	int retval;

	retval = mutex_lock_interruptible(&evdev->mutex);
	if (retval)
		return retval;

	if (!evdev->exist)
		retval = -ENODEV;
	else if (!evdev->open++) {//当evdev首次打开,那么就同时打开它的handle
		retval = input_open_device(&evdev->handle);//将evdev包含的handle也设置为打开状态
		if (retval)
			evdev->open--;
	}

	mutex_unlock(&evdev->mutex);
	return retval;
}

三、应用程序read操作

当应用程序调用read函数后将导致evdev_read函数被调用

static ssize_t evdev_read(struct file *file, char __user *buffer,size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
	struct evdev_client *client = file->private_data;//在evdev_open末尾被赋值
	struct evdev *evdev = client->evdev;//得到应用程序读取数据的设备
	struct input_event event;
	int retval;

	if (count < input_event_size())
		return -EINVAL;
        
         /*当client缓冲区无数据;evdev不存在;文件非阻塞打开,那个read直接返回错误*/ 
	if (client->head == client->tail && evdev->exist &&(file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK))
		return -EAGAIN;
        /*当client里面没有数据时,将应用程序请到evdev->wait休息*/
	retval = wait_event_interruptible(evdev->wait,client->head != client->tail || !evdev->exist);
	if (retval)
		return retval;

	if (!evdev->exist)
		return -ENODEV;
        /*
         *当应用程序读取的数据大于struct input_evevt
         *并且client的buffer里面有数据
         */
	while (retval + input_event_size() <= count &&evdev_fetch_next_event(client, &event)) {
		if (input_event_to_user(buffer + retval, &event))
			return -EFAULT;
		retval += input_event_size();
	}

	return retval;
}

static int evdev_fetch_next_event(struct evdev_client *client,struct input_event *event)
{
	int have_event;
	spin_lock_irq(&client->buffer_lock);
	have_event = client->head != client->tail;//如果client的环形缓冲区不为空,说明有事件
	if (have_event) {
		*event = client->buffer[client->tail++];//取出client缓冲区一个事件
		client->tail &= EVDEV_BUFFER_SIZE - 1;
	}
	spin_unlock_irq(&client->buffer_lock);
	return have_event;
}

int input_event_to_user(char __user *buffer,const struct input_event *event)
{
	if (copy_to_user(buffer, event, sizeof(struct input_event)))//将event事件拷贝到用户空间
		return -EFAULT;
	return 0;
}

当读取数据的时候,如果client里面没有数据,那么应用程序调用read函数将睡眠,那睡眠什么时候结束呀,当硬件有事件发生时input_dev将调用input_event函数上报事件,在该函数内部将调用和它匹配的input_handler的event函数,在该函数内部将唤醒休眠的数据。

static void evdev_event(struct input_handle *handle,unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value)
{
	struct evdev *evdev = handle->private;//该初始化在evdev_connect,获得handle对应的evdev设备
	struct evdev_client *client;
	struct input_event event;

	do_gettimeofday(&event.time);//初始化事件结构
	event.type = type;
	event.code = code;
	event.value = value;

	rcu_read_lock();
        
        /*
         *如果该evdev有个专用的client,那么就将事件发给它
         *如果该evdev不存在专用的client,那个就把该事件发送给evdev上client_list链表上所有的client
         */
	client = rcu_dereference(evdev->grab);
	if (client)
		evdev_pass_event(client, &event);
	else
		list_for_each_entry_rcu(client, &evdev->client_list, node)
			evdev_pass_event(client, &event);

	rcu_read_unlock();
	wake_up_interruptible(&evdev->wait);
}

四、应用程序write操作

输入子系统一般用来处理硬件输入,但是有些情况比如LED设备需要write操作.

static ssize_t evdev_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buffer,size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
	struct evdev_client *client = file->private_data;//在evdev_open末尾被赋值
	struct evdev *evdev = client->evdev;//得到应用程序读取数据的设备
	struct input_event event;
	int retval;

	retval = mutex_lock_interruptible(&evdev->mutex);
	if (retval)
		return retval;

	if (!evdev->exist) {
		retval = -ENODEV;
		goto out;
	}

	while (retval < count) {
		if (input_event_from_user(buffer + retval, &event)) {//拷贝应用程序到内核空间
			retval = -EFAULT;
			goto out;
		}

		input_inject_event(&evdev->handle,event.type, event.code, event.value);
		retval += input_event_size();
	}
 out:
	mutex_unlock(&evdev->mutex);
	return retval;
}

int input_event_from_user(const char __user *buffer,struct input_event *event)
{
	if (copy_from_user(event, buffer, sizeof(struct input_event)))//将用户空间的数据拷贝到event里面
		return -EFAULT;
	return 0;
}

void input_inject_event(struct input_handle *handle,unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value)
{
	struct input_dev *dev = handle->dev;//得到将要接受数据的设备
	struct input_handle *grab;
	unsigned long flags;

	if (is_event_supported(type, dev->evbit, EV_MAX)) {//查看将要接受数据的设备是否支持type事件类型
		spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->event_lock, flags);

		rcu_read_lock();
		grab = rcu_dereference(dev->grab);
		if (!grab || grab == handle)
			input_handle_event(dev, type, code, value);
		rcu_read_unlock();

		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->event_lock, flags);
	}
}

static void input_handle_event(struct input_dev *dev,unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value)
{
	int disposition = INPUT_IGNORE_EVENT;
	switch (type) {
	.......................
	.......................
	case EV_LED:
                /*
                 *#define INPUT_PASS_TO_ALL  (INPUT_PASS_TO_HANDLERS | INPUT_PASS_TO_DEVICE)
                 *查看设备是否支持EV_LED类型的code
		if (is_event_supported(code, dev->ledbit, LED_MAX) &&!!test_bit(code, dev->led) != value) {

			__change_bit(code, dev->led);//设置dev中记录LED的数组
			disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_ALL;//数据传送方向
		}
		break;

	......................
	}

	if (disposition != INPUT_IGNORE_EVENT && type != EV_SYN)
		dev->sync = 0;
	if ((disposition & INPUT_PASS_TO_DEVICE) && dev->event)
		dev->event(dev, type, code, value);//调用dev的event函数,用于写设备
	if (disposition & INPUT_PASS_TO_HANDLERS)
		input_pass_event(dev, type, code, value);//将数据传送到handler
}

相关文章:
Linux输入子系统:input.c实现细节

Linux输入子系统:总体框架

参考文章:
http://blog.csdn.net/yaozhenguo2006/article/details/6775751
http://www.cnitblog.com/luofuchong/archive/2007/11/12/36157.html