struts2.01学习笔记!

先按照文档，做一次：

1，建立WEB.XML：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< web-app >

     < display-name > Struts Blank </ display-name >

     < filter >
         < filter-name > struts2 </ filter-name >
         < filter-class > org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher </ filter-class >
     </ filter >

     < filter-mapping >
         < filter-name > struts2 </ filter-name >
         < url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern >
     </ filter-mapping >

     < listener >
         < listener-class > org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </ listener-class >
     </ listener >

     < welcome-file-list >
         < welcome-file > index.html </ welcome-file >
     </ welcome-file-list >
</ web-app >

文档中有一个org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher的filter
还有org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener

2.建SPRING的BEAN配置文件：applicationContext.xml

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<! DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd" >

< beans default-autowire ="autodetect" >
     
</ beans >

3.建struts配置文件：

<! DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd" >

< struts >

     < include file ="example.xml" />

     

</ struts >

演示了一下配置文件分块的方法，下面这个才起作用：

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
< struts >

     < package name ="example" namespace ="/example" extends ="struts-default" >

         < action name ="HelloWorld" class ="example.HelloWorld" >
             < result > /example/HelloWorld.jsp </ result >
         </ action >

         < action name ="Login!*" method ="{1}" class ="example.Login" >
             < result name ="input" > /example/Login.jsp </ result >
             < result type ="redirect-action" > Menu </ result >
         </ action >

         < action name ="*" class ="example.ExampleSupport" >
             < result > /example/{1}.jsp </ result >
         </ action >

         
     </ package >
</ struts >

4，录入验证：Login-validation.xml
这个很象struts1.x

<! DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
        "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN"
        "http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd" >

< validators >
     < field name ="username" >
         < field-validator type ="requiredstring" >
             < message key ="requiredstring" />
         </ field-validator >
     </ field >
     < field name ="password" >
         < field-validator type ="requiredstring" >
             < message key ="requiredstring" />
         </ field-validator >
     </ field >
</ validators >

5.建立资源文件package.properties，这个也很象struts1.x

HelloWorld.message = Struts is up and running

requiredstring = ${getText(fieldName)} is required.
password = Password
username = User Name
Missing.message =   This feature is under construction. Please try again in the next interation.

6.搞个action类，和WW2一模一样：

package example;

public class Login extends ExampleSupport {

     public String execute() throws Exception {

         if (isInvalid(getUsername())) return INPUT;

         if (isInvalid(getPassword())) return INPUT;

         return SUCCESS;
    }

     private boolean isInvalid(String value) {
         return (value == null || value.length() == 0 );
    }

     private String username;

     public String getUsername() {
         return username;
    }

     public void setUsername(String username) {
         this .username = username;
    }

     private String password;

     public String getPassword() {
         return password;
    }

     public void setPassword(String password) {
         this .password = password;
    }

}

7.搞个helloworld类，也和WW2一样：
这里调用了资源文件中的 message, 这里比struts1.X类似功能要直接，会好用一些

package example;

/**
* <code>Set welcome message.</code>
*/
public class HelloWorld extends ExampleSupport {

     public String execute() throws Exception {
        setMessage(getText(MESSAGE));
         return SUCCESS;
    }

     /**
     * Provide default valuie for Message property.
      */
     public static final String MESSAGE = " HelloWorld.message " ;

     /**
     * Field for Message property.
      */
     private String message;

     /**
     * Return Message property.
     *
     * @return Message property
      */
     public String getMessage() {
         return message;
    }

     /**
     * Set Message property.
     *
     * @param message Text to display on HelloWorld page.
      */
     public void setMessage(String message) {
         this .message = message;
    }
}

8。搞个父类出来，这里只是演示用，所以空的

ExampleSupport.java

package example;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

/**
* Base Action class for the Tutorial package.
*/
public class ExampleSupport extends ActionSupport {
}

9。可以测试一下了：

package example;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.entities.ActionConfig;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;

public class LoginTest extends ConfigTest {

     public void FIXME_testLoginConfig() throws Exception {
        ActionConfig config = assertClass( " example " , " Login!input " , " example.Login " );
        assertResult(config, ActionSupport.SUCCESS, " Menu " );
        assertResult(config, ActionSupport.INPUT, " /example/Login.jsp " );
    }

     public void testLoginSubmit() throws Exception {
        Login login = new Login();
        login.setUsername( " username " );
        login.setPassword( " password " );
        String result = login.execute();
        assertSuccess(result);
    }

     // Needs access to an envinronment that includes validators
     public void FIXME_testLoginSubmitInput() throws Exception {
        Login login = new Login();
        String result = login.execute();
        assertInput(result);
        Map errors = assertFieldErrors(login);
        assertFieldError(errors, " username " , " Username is required. " );
        assertFieldError(errors, " password " , " Password is required. " );
    }

}

package example;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

public class HelloWorldTest extends TestCase {

     public void testHelloWorld() throws Exception {
        HelloWorld hello_world = new HelloWorld();
        String result = hello_world.execute();
        assertTrue( " Expected a success result! " ,
                ActionSupport.SUCCESS.equals(result));
        assertTrue( " Expected the default message! " ,
                hello_world.getText(HelloWorld.MESSAGE).equals(hello_world.getMessage()));
    }
}

package example;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.RuntimeConfiguration;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.entities.ActionConfig;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.entities.ResultConfig;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.struts2.StrutsTestCase;

public class ConfigTest extends StrutsTestCase {

     protected void assertSuccess(String result) throws Exception {
        assertTrue( " Expected a success result! " ,
                ActionSupport.SUCCESS.equals(result));
    }

     protected void assertInput(String result) throws Exception {
        assertTrue( " Expected an input result! " ,
                ActionSupport.INPUT.equals(result));
    }

     protected Map assertFieldErrors(ActionSupport action) throws Exception {
        assertTrue(action.hasFieldErrors());
         return action.getFieldErrors();
    }

     protected void assertFieldError(Map field_errors, String field_name, String error_message) {

        List errors = (List) field_errors.get(field_name);
        assertNotNull( " Expected errors for " + field_name, errors);
        assertTrue( " Expected errors for " + field_name, errors.size() > 0 );
         // TODO: Should be a loop
        assertEquals(error_message,errors.get( 0 ));

    }

     protected void setUp() throws Exception {
         super .setUp();
        XmlConfigurationProvider c = new XmlConfigurationProvider( " struts.xml " );
        configurationManager.addConfigurationProvider(c);
        configurationManager.reload();
    }

     protected ActionConfig assertClass(String namespace, String action_name, String class_name) {
        RuntimeConfiguration configuration = configurationManager.getConfiguration().getRuntimeConfiguration();
        ActionConfig config = configuration.getActionConfig(namespace, action_name);
        assertNotNull( " Mssing action " , config);
        assertTrue( " Wrong class name: [ " + config.getClassName() + " ] " ,
                class_name.equals(config.getClassName()));
         return config;
    }

     protected ActionConfig assertClass(String action_name, String class_name) {
         return assertClass( "" , action_name, class_name);
    }

     protected void assertResult(ActionConfig config, String result_name, String result_value) {
        Map results = config.getResults();
        ResultConfig result = (ResultConfig) results.get(result_name);
        Map params = result.getParams();
        String value = (String) params.get( " actionName " );
         if (value == null )
            value = (String) params.get( " location " );
        assertTrue( " Wrong result value: [ " + value + " ] " ,
                result_value.equals(value));
    }

     public void testConfig() throws Exception {
        assertNotNull(configurationManager);
    }

}

哦，测试通过！

10。看看表示层是如何用的？
HelloWorld.jsp

<% @ page contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 " %>
<% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %>
< html >
< head >
     < title >< s:text name ="HelloWorld.message" /></ title >
</ head >

< body >
< h2 >< s:property value ="message" /></ h2 >

< h3 > Languages </ h3 >
< ul >
     < li >
         < s:url id ="url" action ="HelloWorld" >
             < s:param name ="request_locale" > en </ s:param >
         </ s:url >
         < s:a href ="%{url}" > English </ s:a >
     </ li >
     < li >
         < s:url id ="url" action ="HelloWorld" >
             < s:param name ="request_locale" > es </ s:param >
         </ s:url >
         < s:a href ="%{url}" > Espanol </ s:a >
     </ li >
</ ul >

</ body >
</ html >

<% @ page contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 " %>
<% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %>
< html >
< head >
     < title > Sign On </ title >
</ head >

< body >
< s:form action ="Login" >
     < s:textfield label ="%{getText('username')}" name ="username" />
     < s:password label ="%{getText('password')}" name ="password" />
     < s:submit />
</ s:form >
</ body >
</ html >

恭喜你！现在您现在已经可以用STRUTS2进行开发了！

struts2.01学习笔记!

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