vim点滴

vim点滴

1,查找替换：

　　查找替换匹配到的部分：%s/pattern/replace/g

　　查找删除被一个pattern匹配的行：g/pattern/d

2,重复上次的命令: .

3,正则：

　　行锚位符: ^ $

　　重复次数: \{m,n} , \{m}

　　元字符: * . (.*匹配anything)

　　特殊字符: \s空格 \+重复一至多次

4,游标控制：w e b ge(useful)

5,f char F char 在line里向后 向前 找char ；， 重复最后一个f或者F动作

6,% 跳至对应的括号部分

7,排序，查重: sort ,  g/^\(.*\)$\n\1$/d

8, c (make change)命令和 d 命令一样可以接受 e w $,因为delete a line太常用，所以，dd（dd 而不是dl，因为按两次d更快）被用来执行这个功能。

9,p是put而非paste（随便你怎么理解），p不仅可以把yank的内容粘到一个地方，还可以把前一次d操作删除的东西put到一个地方。

10,文本位置的定位：G(通常按shift+g）去末行；gg去开头；linenum+G去第linenum行，/pattern搜索包含pattern的行，并跳至第一处匹配初，此时按n（next）或者N（previous）

11,还是对vim的查找替换做个总结：（参考 http://vimregex.com/ ）
   首先是命令的总揽：

:range s[ubstitute]/pattern/string/cgiI
For each line in the range replace a match of the pattern with the string where:
c	Confirm each substitution
g	Replace all occurrences in the line (without g - only first).
i	Ignore case for the pattern.
I	Don't ignore case for the pattern.

    range的格式：

Specifier	Description
number	an absolute line number
.	the current line
$	the last line in the file
%	the whole file. The same as 1,$
't	position of mark "t"
/pattern[/]	the next line where text "pattern" matches.
?pattern[?]	the previous line where text "pattern" matches
\/	the next line where the previously used search pattern matches
\?	the previous line where the previously used search pattern matches
\&	the next line where the previously used substitute pattern matches

   然后是pattern相关：

         先是锚位符：词锚位符：\<pattern_word\> 将精确匹配pattern_word单词
                           句锚位符：^whole_line$ 这个大家都比我熟悉

         接下来是元字符和转义字符：
          

#	Matching	#	Matching
.	any character except new line
\s	whitespace character	\S	non-whitespace character
\d	digit	\D	non-digit
\x	hex digit	\X	non-hex digit
\o	octal digit	\O	non-octal digit
\h	head of word character (a,b,c...z,A,B,C...Z and _)	\H	non-head of word character
\p	printable character	\P	like \p, but excluding digits
\w	word character	\W	non-word character
\a	alphabetic character	\A	non-alphabetic character
\l	lowercase character	\L	non-lowercase character
\u	uppercase character	\U	non-uppercase character

   
            再接下来是匹配的数量和贪婪性的控制符：
                     

Quantifier	Description
*	matches 0 or more of the preceding characters, ranges or metacharacters .* matches everything including empty line
\+	matches 1 or more of the preceding characters...
\=	matches 0 or 1 more of the preceding characters...
\{n,m}	matches from n to m of the preceding characters...
\{n}	matches exactly n times of the preceding characters...
\{,m}	matches at most m (from 0 to m) of the preceding characters...
\{n,}	matches at least n of of the preceding characters...
where  n and  m are positive integers (>0)

Quantifier	Description
\{-}	matches 0 or more of the preceding atom, as few as possible
\{-n,m}	matches 1 or more of the preceding characters...
\{-n,}	matches at lease or more of the preceding characters...
\{-,m}	matches 1 or more of the preceding characters...
where  n and  m are positive integers (>0)

      再来字符范围相关的描述符：【0-9a-zA-Z],这里有个取补集的符号:^
     
      vi也有捕获字符的机制（grouping and backreference）：
            形式： s:\(word1\)\(word2\):action_use _\0\1..\9:
 
上图：

#	Meaning	#	Meaning
&	the whole matched pattern	\L	the following characters are made lowercase
\0	the whole matched pattern	\U	the following characters are made uppercase
\1	the matched pattern in the first pair of \(\)	\E	end of \U and \L
\2	the matched pattern in the second pair of \(\)	\e	end of \U and \L
...	...	\r	split line in two at this point
\9	the matched pattern in the ninth pair of \(\)	\l	next character made lowercase
~	the previous substitute string	\u	next character made uppercase

       
      接下来是逻辑连接：\| 叫做alternation，表示或连接


  最后是匹配和命令连接在一起：
         

:range g[lobal][!]/pattern/cmd

Execute the Ex command cmd (default ":p") on the lines within [range] where patternmatches. If pattern is preceded with a ! - only where match does not occur.