来自: http://www.cnblogs.com/tianfang/archive/2007/08/10/850901.html

在我做的项目中,经常遇到一种如下形式的网络结构。

[转]通过端口映射突破防火墙_第1张图片

出于安全的考虑,server处于防火墙之后,client无法直接访问,只能通过telnet登陆到proxy server上访问。在这种方式下,就无法利用cient上的各种强大的桌面工具(如数据库客户端等),只能通过telnet的命令行形式交互,确实有些不便。

我们可以通过端口映射解决这个问题,实现client到server的"直接访问"。当client想访问server时,只需要与proxy的某个端口建立连接,proxy监听到这个连接后,建立一个与server的连接(client的目标),同时提供这两个连接的消息传输管道。这样,所有client发到proxy的消息都发送到了server上,server的消息也发送到了proxy上,从而实现了client到server的访问。

由于连接的数目可能较多,并且proxy程序起着一个消息中转的作用,因此程序本身需要较高的socket通信效率,所有的操作都不能阻塞,否则严重影响其它的进程通信,因此程序中的socket的连接,通信方式都必须采用异步操作。(多线程的方式如果连接的进程较多时则开销太大)。

这种方式十分简单有效,并且不需要对客户端和服务器端做任何修改。不足的地方有如下几处:

  1. proxy需要中转所有的消息,负荷较大。(不过处理目前的几十个客户端应用是绰绰有余,并且目前的通信瓶颈一般在internet上)
  2. 需要在proxy上建立端口监听,并且所监听的端口需要能被client直接访问,这种情况的网络很多时候得不到满足。(大多时候proxy只开放了几个有限的端口,并无多余的端口让端口映射程序绑定)

本来我用C#写了一个,程序非常简单,这里就不拿出来了。

后来由于要把这个程序放到Unix服务器上长期运行,我就用C++重写了一下,最初我是用socket api写的,可程序的可读性总是不尽人意,后来就改用了asio库(asio 0.3.8 rc3,与早期的asio库不兼容),通过boost的asio,function,smart_ptr这几个库的运用,一个C++版的端口映射程序便诞生了,精简、高效、安全、跨平台,原来c++下的异步socket也可以如此优雅。^_^

代码如下:

#include <list>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <boost/enable_shared_from_this.hpp>
#include <boost/asio.hpp>

using boost::asio::ip::tcp;
using namespace std;

class socket_client
    : public boost::enable_shared_from_this<socket_client>
    ,public tcp::socket
{
public:
    typedef boost::shared_ptr<socket_client> pointer;

    static pointer create(boost::asio::io_service& io_service)
    {
        return pointer(new socket_client(io_service));
    }

public:
    socket_client(boost::asio::io_service& io_service)
        :tcp::socket(io_service)
    {
    }
};

class socket_pipe
{
public:
    socket_pipe(socket_client::pointer read,socket_client::pointer write)
        :read_socket_(*read),write_socket_(*write)
    {
        read_ = read;
        write_ = write;
        begin_read();
    }

private:
    void begin_read()
    {
        read_socket_.async_read_some(boost::asio::buffer(data_, max_length),
            boost::bind(&socket_pipe::end_read, this,
            boost::asio::placeholders::error,
            boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred));
    }

    void end_read(const boost::system::error_code& error, size_t bytes_transferred)
    {
        if(error)
            handle_error(error);
        else
            begin_write(bytes_transferred);
    }

    void begin_write(int bytes_transferred)
    {
        boost::asio::async_write(write_socket_,
            boost::asio::buffer(data_, bytes_transferred),
            boost::bind(&socket_pipe::end_write, this,
            boost::asio::placeholders::error));
    }

    void end_write(const boost::system::error_code& error)
    {
        if(error)
            handle_error(error);
        else
            begin_read();
    }

    void handle_error(const boost::system::error_code& error)
    {
        read_socket_.close();
        write_socket_.close();

        delete this;
    }

private:
    socket_client& read_socket_;
    socket_client& write_socket_;

    socket_client::pointer read_;
    socket_client::pointer write_;

    enum { max_length = 1024 };
    char data_[max_length];
};

class async_listener
{
public:
    typedef boost::function<void (socket_client::pointer client)> accept_handler;
    typedef boost::shared_ptr<async_listener> pointer;

public:
    async_listener(short port,boost::asio::io_service& io_service)
        :io_service_(io_service),
        acceptor_(io_service, tcp::endpoint(tcp::v4(), port))
    {
        begin_accept();
    }

    void begin_accept()
    {
        socket_client::pointer client = socket_client::create(io_service_);
        acceptor_.async_accept(*client,
            boost::bind(&async_listener::end_accept, this, client,
            boost::asio::placeholders::error));
    }

    void end_accept(socket_client::pointer client, const boost::system::error_code& error)
    {
        if(error)
            handle_error(error);

        begin_accept();

        if(!handle_accept.empty())
            handle_accept(client);
    }

    void handle_error(const boost::system::error_code& error)
    {
    }

public:
    accept_handler handle_accept;

private:
    tcp::acceptor acceptor_;
    boost::asio::io_service& io_service_;
};

class port_map_server
{
public:
    port_map_server(boost::asio::io_service& io_service)
        :io_service_(io_service)
    {
    }

    void add_portmap(short port,tcp::endpoint& remote_endpoint)
    {
        async_listener::pointer listener(new async_listener(port,io_service_));
        listeners.push_back(listener);

        listener->handle_accept = boost::bind(&port_map_server::handle_accept
            ,this,remote_endpoint,_1);
    }

    void handle_accept(tcp::endpoint remote_endpoint,socket_client::pointer client)
    {
        begin_connect(remote_endpoint,client);
    }
    

    void begin_connect(tcp::endpoint& remote_endpoint,socket_client::pointer socket_local)
    {
        socket_client::pointer socket_remote = socket_client::create(io_service_);
        socket_remote->async_connect(remote_endpoint,
            boost::bind(&port_map_server::end_connect, this,
            boost::asio::placeholders::error,socket_local,socket_remote));
    }

    void end_connect(const boost::system::error_code& error,socket_client::pointer socket_local,socket_client::pointer socket_remote)
    {
        if(error)
        {
            handle_error(error);
        }
        else
        {
            new socket_pipe(socket_local,socket_remote);
            new socket_pipe(socket_remote,socket_local);
        }
    }

    void handle_error(const boost::system::error_code& error)
    {
    }


private:
    boost::asio::io_service& io_service_;
    list<async_listener::pointer> listeners;
};

int main()
{
    try
    {
        boost::asio::io_service io_service;

        tcp::endpoint ep(boost::asio::ip::address_v4::from_string("192.168.1.193"),23);
        tcp::endpoint ep2(boost::asio::ip::address_v4::from_string("192.168.1.175"),23);
        
        port_map_server server(io_service);

        server.add_portmap(3000,ep);
        server.add_portmap(4000,ep2);
        io_service.run();
    }
    catch (std::exception& e)
    {
        std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}