Trie树的简单实现（Java版本）

Trie树的用途很多，可以实现根据前缀补全等功能。

在一个国外的博客上看到这个Java实现，比较简洁，个人修改了一下，增加了根据前缀删除和遍历的功能。

Trie树节点类定义：

import java.util.*;

/**
 * A Trie Node
 */
class TrieNode {

  /**
   * The key stored in this node if any.
   */
  private String key;

  /**
   * the outgoing edges of this node, implemented as a sorted map of character to the child node.
   */
  private SortedMap<Character, TrieNode> edges;


  TrieNode addEdge(char c) {
    if (edges == null) {
      edges = new TreeMap<Character, TrieNode>();
    }
    TrieNode childNode = new TrieNode();
    edges.put(c, childNode);
    return childNode;
  }

  TrieNode getNodeByEdge(char c) {
    return (edges == null) ? null : edges.get(c);
  }

  TrieNode deleteEdge(char c) {
    return (edges == null) ? null : edges.remove(c);
  }

  Iterator<TrieNode> getChildren() {
    return (edges == null) ? null : edges.values().iterator();
  }

  void setKey(String key) {
    this.key = key;
  }

  String getKey() {
    return key;
  }

  public int getChildrenCnt() {
    return edges == null ? 0 : edges.size();
  }
}

Trie树的操作：

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * TRIE data structure supporting basic dictionary operations.
 */
public class Trie {

  private final TrieNode root;

  /**
   * Creates a new empty TRIE object.
   */
  public Trie() {
    root = new TrieNode();
  }


  /**
   * Inserts the specified key into this Trie object.
   * @param key
   */
  public void insert(String key) {
    TrieNode currNode = root;
    for (char c : key.toCharArray()) {
      TrieNode child = currNode.getNodeByEdge(c);
      if (child == null) {
        currNode = currNode.addEdge(c);
      } else {
        currNode = child;
      }
    }
    currNode.setKey(key);
  }

  /**
   * Returns all the keys in the Trie which start with the specified prefix.
   * @param prefix
   * @return
   */
  public List<String> searchPrefix(String prefix) {
    TrieNode currNode = root;
    for (char c : prefix.toCharArray()) {
      TrieNode child = currNode.getNodeByEdge(c);
      if (child == null) {
        return Collections.emptyList();
      } else {
        currNode = child;
      }
    }
    List<String> matches = new ArrayList<String>();
    preorderTraverse(currNode, matches);
    return matches;
  }

  /**
   * Delete all children below the specified prefix.
   * @param prefix
   * @return true if successful; false if prefix not found.
   */
  public boolean deletePrefix(String prefix) {
    TrieNode currNode = root;
    TrieNode prevNode = root;
    char delFrom = ' ';
    for (char c : prefix.toCharArray()) {
      TrieNode child = currNode.getNodeByEdge(c);
      delFrom = c;
      if (child == null) {
        return false;
      } else {
        prevNode = currNode;
        currNode = child;
      }
    }
    prevNode.deleteEdge(delFrom);
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * Does preorder traversal of Trie and add retrieved keys in the specified results list.
   * @param currNode
   * @param results
   */
  private void preorderTraverse(TrieNode currNode, List<String> results) {
    if (currNode.getKey() != null) {
      results.add(currNode.getKey());
    }
    Iterator<TrieNode> children = currNode.getChildren();
    if (children != null) {
      while (children.hasNext()) {
        preorderTraverse(children.next(), results);
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Does preorder traversal of Trie and print all keys.
   * @param currNode
   * @param results
   */
  public void traverse() {
    preorderTraverse(root);
  }
  private void preorderTraverse(TrieNode root) {
    if (root.getKey() != null) {
      System.out.println(root.getKey());
    }
    Iterator<TrieNode> children = root.getChildren();
    if (children != null) {
      while (children.hasNext()) {
        preorderTraverse(children.next());
      }
    }
  }


  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Trie t = new Trie();
    t.insert("vino");
    t.insert("vinod");
    t.insert("vin");
    t.insert("jyo");
    t.insert("jyotsna");
    t.insert("jyot");
    t.insert("jyots");
    t.insert("jyotsn");
    t.insert("joe");

    System.out.println(t.searchPrefix("vin"));
    System.out.println(t.searchPrefix("j"));
    System.out.println(t.searchPrefix("jy"));
    System.out.println(t.searchPrefix("joe"));

    System.out.println(t.searchPrefix("bhalblah"));

    t.deletePrefix("vino");
    System.out.println(t.searchPrefix("v"));

    t.traverse();
  }
}