Android 5.0的调度作业JobScheduler

Android 5.0 提供了一个新的 JobScheduler API，它允许您通过为系统定义要在以后的某个时间或在指定的条件下（例如，当设备在充电时）异步运行的作业来优化电池寿命。

首先看一下官方JobScheduler的API  https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/job/JobScheduler.html

This is an API for scheduling various types of jobs against the framework that will be executed in your application's own process.

这是一个API调度框架，将在您的应用程序的进程中执行的工作。

See JobInfo for more description of the types of jobs that can be run and how to construct them. You will construct these JobInfo objects and pass them to the JobScheduler with schedule(JobInfo). When the criteria declared are met, the system will execute this job on your application's JobService. You identify which JobService is meant to execute the logic for your job when you create the JobInfo with JobInfo.Builder(int, android.content.ComponentName).

看到Jobinfo的更多的描述类型的工作，可以运行，以及如何构建。你可以构造这些JobInfo对象，并且使用schedule(JobInfo)在JobScheduler。

当符合标准声明，系统将执行调度在你的应用程序Jobservice。

The framework will be intelligent about when you receive your callbacks, and attempt to batch and defer them as much as possible. Typically if you don't specify a deadline on your job, it can be run at any moment depending on the current state of the JobScheduler's internal queue, however it might be deferred as long as until the next time the device is connected to a power source.

You do not instantiate this class directly; instead, retrieve it through Context.getSystemService(Context.JOB_SCHEDULER_SERVICE).

作业调度在下列情况下非常有用：

• 应用具有您可以推迟的非面向用户的工作。
• 应用具有当插入设备时您希望优先执行的工作。
• 应用具有需要访问网络或 Wi-Fi 连接的任务。
• 应用具有您希望作为一个批次定期运行的许多任务。

工作单元由一个 JobInfo 对象进行封装。此对象指定了调度条件。官方的API如下

Public Methods
int	describeContents() Describe the kinds of special objects contained in this Parcelable's marshalled representation.
int	getBackoffPolicy() One of either  BACKOFF_POLICY_EXPONENTIAL, or  BACKOFF_POLICY_LINEAR, depending on which criteria you set when creating this job.
PersistableBundle	getExtras() Bundle of extras which are returned to your application at execution time.
int	getId() Unique job id associated with this class.
long	getInitialBackoffMillis() The amount of time the JobScheduler will wait before rescheduling a failed job.
long	getIntervalMillis() Set to the interval between occurrences of this job.
long	getMaxExecutionDelayMillis() See  setOverrideDeadline(long).
long	getMinLatencyMillis() Set for a job that does not recur periodically, to specify a delay after which the job will be eligible for execution.
int	getNetworkType() One of  NETWORK_TYPE_ANY,  NETWORK_TYPE_NONE, or  NETWORK_TYPE_UNMETERED.
ComponentName	getService() Name of the service endpoint that will be called back into by the JobScheduler.
boolean	isPeriodic() Track whether this job will repeat with a given period.
boolean	isPersisted()
boolean	isRequireCharging() Whether this job needs the device to be plugged in.
boolean	isRequireDeviceIdle() Whether this job needs the device to be in an Idle maintenance window.
String	toString() Returns a string containing a concise, human-readable description of this object.
void	writeToParcel( Parcel out, int flags) Flatten this object in to a Parcel.

使用 JobInfo.Builder 类配置调度的任务应当如何运行。您可以将任务调度为在特定的条件下运行，例如：

• 当设备充电时启动
• 当设备连接到不限流量网络时启动
• 当设备空闲时启动
• 在特定的截止期限之前或以最小的延迟完成

例如，您可以添加如下代码以在不限流量网络上运行您的任务：

JobInfo uploadTask = new JobInfo.Builder(mJobId,
                                         mServiceComponent /* JobService component */)
        .setRequiredNetworkCapabilities(JobInfo.NetworkType.UNMETERED)
        .build();
JobScheduler jobScheduler =
        (JobScheduler) context.getSystemService(Context.JOB_SCHEDULER_SERVICE);
jobScheduler.schedule(uploadTask);

如果设备具有稳定的电源（也就是说，它已插入了 2 分钟以上并且电池处于健康水平），则系统将运行任何已就绪可运行的已调度作业，即使作业的截止期限尚未到期也是如此。

这里可以在看一下官方给出的 JobService API

Entry point for the callback from the JobScheduler.

This is the base class that handles asynchronous requests that were previously scheduled. You are responsible for overriding onStartJob(JobParameters), which is where you will implement your job logic.

This service executes each incoming job on a Handler running on your application's main thread. This means that you must offload your execution logic to another thread/handler/AsyncTask of your choosing. Not doing so will result in blocking any future callbacks from the JobManager - specifically onStopJob(android.app.job.JobParameters), which is meant to inform you that the scheduling requirements are no longer being met.

所提供的方法如下

final void	jobFinished( JobParameters params, boolean needsReschedule) Callback to inform the JobManager you've finished executing.   当完成执行后，通知调度管理器
abstract boolean	onStartJob( JobParameters params) Override this method with the callback logic for your job.
abstract boolean	onStopJob( JobParameters params) This method is called if the system has determined that you must stop execution of your job even before you've had a chance to call  jobFinished(JobParameters, boolean).

下面可以看一下官方给出的一个sample

运行效果如下

Activity如下

/*
 * Copyright 2013 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.example.android.jobscheduler;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.job.JobInfo;
import android.app.job.JobParameters;
import android.app.job.JobScheduler;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.res.Resources;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.Messenger;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.CheckBox;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.RadioButton;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.example.android.jobscheduler.service.TestJobService;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";

    public static final int MSG_UNCOLOUR_START = 0;
    public static final int MSG_UNCOLOUR_STOP = 1;
    public static final int MSG_SERVICE_OBJ = 2;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.sample_main);
        Resources res = getResources();
        defaultColor = res.getColor(R.color.none_received);
        startJobColor = res.getColor(R.color.start_received);
        stopJobColor = res.getColor(R.color.stop_received);

        // Set up UI.
        mShowStartView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.onstart_textview);
        mShowStopView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.onstop_textview);
        mParamsTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.task_params);
        mDelayEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.delay_time);
        mDeadlineEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.deadline_time);
        mWiFiConnectivityRadioButton = (RadioButton) findViewById(R.id.checkbox_unmetered);
        mAnyConnectivityRadioButton = (RadioButton) findViewById(R.id.checkbox_any);
        mRequiresChargingCheckBox = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.checkbox_charging);
        mRequiresIdleCheckbox = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.checkbox_idle);
        mServiceComponent = new ComponentName(this, TestJobService.class);
        // Start service and provide it a way to communicate with us.
        Intent startServiceIntent = new Intent(this, TestJobService.class);
        startServiceIntent.putExtra("messenger", new Messenger(mHandler));
        startService(startServiceIntent);
    }
    // UI fields.
    int defaultColor;
    int startJobColor;
    int stopJobColor;

    private TextView mShowStartView;
    private TextView mShowStopView;
    private TextView mParamsTextView;
    private EditText mDelayEditText;
    private EditText mDeadlineEditText;
    private RadioButton mWiFiConnectivityRadioButton;
    private RadioButton mAnyConnectivityRadioButton;
    private CheckBox mRequiresChargingCheckBox;
    private CheckBox mRequiresIdleCheckbox;

    ComponentName mServiceComponent;
    /** Service object to interact scheduled jobs. */
    TestJobService mTestService;

    private static int kJobId = 0;

    Handler mHandler = new Handler(/* default looper */) {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MSG_UNCOLOUR_START:
                    mShowStartView.setBackgroundColor(defaultColor);
                    break;
                case MSG_UNCOLOUR_STOP:
                    mShowStopView.setBackgroundColor(defaultColor);
                    break;
                case MSG_SERVICE_OBJ:
                    mTestService = (TestJobService) msg.obj;
                    mTestService.setUiCallback(MainActivity.this);
            }
        }
    };

    private boolean ensureTestService() {
        if (mTestService == null) {
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Service null, never got callback?",
                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * UI onclick listener to schedule a job. What this job is is defined in
     * TestJobService#scheduleJob().
     */
    public void scheduleJob(View v) {
        if (!ensureTestService()) {
            return;
        }

        JobInfo.Builder builder = new JobInfo.Builder(kJobId++, mServiceComponent);

        String delay = mDelayEditText.getText().toString();
        if (delay != null && !TextUtils.isEmpty(delay)) {
            builder.setMinimumLatency(Long.valueOf(delay) * 1000);
        }
        String deadline = mDeadlineEditText.getText().toString();
        if (deadline != null && !TextUtils.isEmpty(deadline)) {
            builder.setOverrideDeadline(Long.valueOf(deadline) * 1000);
        }
        boolean requiresUnmetered = mWiFiConnectivityRadioButton.isChecked();
        boolean requiresAnyConnectivity = mAnyConnectivityRadioButton.isChecked();
        if (requiresUnmetered) {
            builder.setRequiredNetworkType(JobInfo.NETWORK_TYPE_UNMETERED);
        } else if (requiresAnyConnectivity) {
            builder.setRequiredNetworkType(JobInfo.NETWORK_TYPE_ANY);
        }
        builder.setRequiresDeviceIdle(mRequiresIdleCheckbox.isChecked());
        builder.setRequiresCharging(mRequiresChargingCheckBox.isChecked());

        mTestService.scheduleJob(builder.build());

    }
    /**
     * cancel All jobs
     * @param v
     */
    public void cancelAllJobs(View v) {
        JobScheduler tm =
                (JobScheduler) getSystemService(Context.JOB_SCHEDULER_SERVICE);
        tm.cancelAll();
    }

    /**
     * UI onclick listener to call jobFinished() in our service.
     */
    public void finishJob(View v) {
        if (!ensureTestService()) {
            return;
        }
        mTestService.callJobFinished();
        mParamsTextView.setText("");
    }

    /**
     * Receives callback from the service when a job has landed
     * on the app. Colours the UI and post a message to
     * uncolour it after a second.
     */
    public void onReceivedStartJob(JobParameters params) {
        mShowStartView.setBackgroundColor(startJobColor);
        Message m = Message.obtain(mHandler, MSG_UNCOLOUR_START);
        mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(m, 1000L); // uncolour in 1 second.
        mParamsTextView.setText("Executing: " + params.getJobId() + " " + params.getExtras());
    }

    /**
     * Receives callback from the service when a job that
     * previously landed on the app must stop executing.
     * Colours the UI and post a message to uncolour it after a
     * second.
     */
    public void onReceivedStopJob() {
        mShowStopView.setBackgroundColor(stopJobColor);
        Message m = Message.obtain(mHandler, MSG_UNCOLOUR_STOP);
        mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(m, 2000L); // uncolour in 1 second.
        mParamsTextView.setText("");
    }
}

 然后新建一个类继承JobService

/*
 * Copyright 2014 Google Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.example.android.jobscheduler.service;

import android.app.job.JobInfo;
import android.app.job.JobScheduler;
import android.app.job.JobParameters;
import android.app.job.JobService;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.Messenger;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;

import com.example.android.jobscheduler.MainActivity;

import java.util.LinkedList;


/**
 * Service to handle callbacks from the JobScheduler. Requests scheduled with the JobScheduler
 * ultimately land on this service's "onStartJob" method. Currently all this does is post a message
 * to the app's main activity to change the state of the UI.
 */
public class TestJobService extends JobService {
    private static final String TAG = "SyncService";

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        Log.i(TAG, "Service created");
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.i(TAG, "Service destroyed");
    }

    /**
     * When the app's MainActivity is created, it starts this service. This is so that the
     * activity and this service can communicate back and forth. See "setUiCalback()"
     */
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Messenger callback = intent.getParcelableExtra("messenger");
        Message m = Message.obtain();
        m.what = MainActivity.MSG_SERVICE_OBJ;
        m.obj = this;
        try {
            callback.send(m);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Error passing service object back to activity.");
        }
        return START_NOT_STICKY;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onStartJob(JobParameters params) {
        // We don't do any real 'work' in this sample app. All we'll
        // do is track which jobs have landed on our service, and
        // update the UI accordingly.
        jobParamsMap.add(params);
        if (mActivity != null) {
            mActivity.onReceivedStartJob(params);
        }
        Log.i(TAG, "on start job: " + params.getJobId());
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onStopJob(JobParameters params) {
        // Stop tracking these job parameters, as we've 'finished' executing.
        jobParamsMap.remove(params);
        if (mActivity != null) {
            mActivity.onReceivedStopJob();
        }
        Log.i(TAG, "on stop job: " + params.getJobId());
        return true;
    }

    MainActivity mActivity;
    private final LinkedList<JobParameters> jobParamsMap = new LinkedList<JobParameters>();

    public void setUiCallback(MainActivity activity) {
        mActivity = activity;
    }

    /** Send job to the JobScheduler. */
    public void scheduleJob(JobInfo t) {
        Log.d(TAG, "Scheduling job");
        JobScheduler tm =
                (JobScheduler) getSystemService(Context.JOB_SCHEDULER_SERVICE);
        tm.schedule(t);
    }

    /**
     * Not currently used, but as an exercise you can hook this
     * up to a button in the UI to finish a job that has landed
     * in onStartJob().
     */
    public boolean callJobFinished() {
        JobParameters params = jobParamsMap.poll();
        if (params == null) {
            return false;
        } else {
            jobFinished(params, false);
            return true;
        }
    }

}

具体详细代码可以参考下载的sdk里面