上一节里,实现同一时刻只能有一个进程使用同一个设备,例如:只能有一个进程,在同一时刻里使用/dev/buttons这个设备。
上一节文章链接:http://blog.csdn.net/lwj103862095/article/details/17563953
相信大家在写单片机的按键程序时,也必将会涉及一点,就去按键去抖动。按键去抖动的方法无非有二种,一种是硬件电路去抖动,这种在要求不是特别高的情况下是不会被采用的;另一种就是延时去抖动了。而延时又一般分为二种,一种是for循环死等待,一种是定时延时。对,这一节里我们来使用内核的定时器去抖动。
问:linux内核定时器有哪些要素?
答:有两个要素:
一、超时时间
二、处理函数
问:linux定时器结构是怎样的?
答:
struct timer_list { struct list_head entry; unsigned long expires; void (*function)(unsigned long); unsigned long data; struct tvec_base *base; ..... };
答:是timer_list.data传给它的,如果需要向function传递参数时,则应该设置timer_list.data,否则可以不设置。
问:与定时器相关的操作函数有哪些?
答:
一、使用init_timer函数初始化定时器
二、设置timer_list.function,并实现这个函数指针
三、使用add_timer函数向内核注册一个定时器
四、使用mod_timer修改定时器时间,并启动定时器
问:int mod_timer(struct timer_list *timer, unsigned long expires)的第二个参数为超时时间,怎么设置超时时间,如果定时为10ms?
答:一般的形式为: jiffies + (HZ /100),HZ 表示100个jiffies,jiffies的单位为10ms,即HZ = 100*10ms = 1s
详细请参考驱动源码:
#include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/delay.h> #include <linux/irq.h> #include <asm/uaccess.h> #include <asm/irq.h> #include <asm/io.h> #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/device.h> //class_create #include <mach/regs-gpio.h> //S3C2410_GPF1 //#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h> #include <mach/hardware.h> //#include <asm/hardware.h> #include <linux/interrupt.h> //wait_event_interruptible #include <linux/poll.h> //poll #include <linux/fcntl.h> /* 定义并初始化等待队列头 */ static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq); static struct class *sixthdrv_class; static struct device *sixthdrv_device; static struct pin_desc{ unsigned int pin; unsigned int key_val; }; static struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = { {S3C2410_GPF1,0x01}, {S3C2410_GPF4,0x02}, {S3C2410_GPF2,0x03}, {S3C2410_GPF0,0x04}, }; struct pin_desc *irq_pindes; static int ev_press = 0; /* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */ /* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */ static unsigned char key_val; int major; static struct fasync_struct *button_fasync; static struct timer_list buttons_timer; /* 定义一个定时器结构体 */ #if 0 static atomic_t canopen = ATOMIC_INIT(1); //定义原子变量canopen并初始化为1 #endif static DECLARE_MUTEX(button_lock); //定义互斥锁 /* 用户中断处理函数 */ static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id) { int ret; irq_pindes = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id; /* 修改定时器定时时间,定时10ms,即10秒后启动定时器 * HZ 表示100个jiffies,jiffies的单位为10ms,即HZ = 100*10ms = 1s * 这里HZ/100即定时10ms */ ret = mod_timer(&buttons_timer, jiffies + (HZ /100)); if(ret == 1) { printk("mod timer success\n"); } return IRQ_HANDLED; } static int sixth_drv_open(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp) { #if 0 /* 自减操作后测试其是否为0,为0则返回true,否则返回false */ if(!atomic_dec_and_test(&canopen)) { atomic_inc(&canopen); //原子变量增加1 return -EBUSY; } #endif /* 当打开的文件有O_NONBLOCK标记时,表示不阻塞 */ if(filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) { /* 尝试获取button_lock信号量,当获取不到时立即返回 */ if (down_trylock(&button_lock)) return -EBUSY; } else { /* 获取button_lock信号量,当获取不到时,将会休眠 * 但是这种休眠是不可以被中断打断的 */ down(&button_lock); } /* K1 ---- EINT1,K2 ---- EINT4,K3 ---- EINT2,K4 ---- EINT0 * 配置GPF1、GPF4、GPF2、GPF0为相应的外部中断引脚 * IRQT_BOTHEDGE应该改为IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH */ request_irq(IRQ_EINT1, buttons_irq, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH, "K1",&pins_desc[0]); request_irq(IRQ_EINT4, buttons_irq, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH, "K2",&pins_desc[1]); request_irq(IRQ_EINT2, buttons_irq, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH, "K3",&pins_desc[2]); request_irq(IRQ_EINT0, buttons_irq, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH, "K4",&pins_desc[3]); return 0; } static ssize_t sixth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *user, size_t size,loff_t *ppos) { if (size != 1) return -EINVAL; /* 当打开的文件有O_NONBLOCK标记时,表示不阻塞 */ if(file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) { /* 当ev_press = 0时,表示没有按键被按下,即表示没有数据 */ if(!ev_press) return -EAGAIN; } else { /* 当没有按键按下时,休眠。 * 即ev_press = 0; * 当有按键按下时,发生中断,在中断处理函数会唤醒 * 即ev_press = 1; * 唤醒后,接着继续将数据通过copy_to_user函数传递给应用程序 */ wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press); } copy_to_user(user, &key_val, 1); /* 将ev_press清零 */ ev_press = 0; return 1; } static int sixth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) { #if 0 atomic_inc(&canopen); //原子变量增加1 #endif free_irq(IRQ_EINT1,&pins_desc[0]); free_irq(IRQ_EINT4,&pins_desc[1]); free_irq(IRQ_EINT2,&pins_desc[2]); free_irq(IRQ_EINT0,&pins_desc[3]); /* 释放信号量 */ up(&button_lock); return 0; } static unsigned int sixth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait) { unsigned int mask = 0; /* 该函数,只是将进程挂在button_waitq队列上,而不是立即休眠 */ poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); /* 当没有按键按下时,即不会进入按键中断处理函数,此时ev_press = 0 * 当按键按下时,就会进入按键中断处理函数,此时ev_press被设置为1 */ if(ev_press) { mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM; /* 表示有数据可读 */ } /* 如果有按键按下时,mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM,否则mask = 0 */ return mask; } /* 当应用程序调用了fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, Oflags | FASYNC); * 则最终会调用驱动的fasync函数,在这里则是sixth_drv_fasync * sixth_drv_fasync最终又会调用到驱动的fasync_helper函数 * fasync_helper函数的作用是初始化/释放fasync_struct */ static int sixth_drv_fasync(int fd, struct file *filp, int on) { return fasync_helper(fd, filp, on, &button_fasync); } /* File operations struct for character device */ static const struct file_operations sixth_drv_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .open = sixth_drv_open, .read = sixth_drv_read, .release = sixth_drv_close, .poll = sixth_drv_poll, .fasync = sixth_drv_fasync, }; /* 定时器处理函数 */ static void buttons_timer_function(unsigned long data) { struct pin_desc *pindesc = irq_pindes; unsigned int pinval; pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin); if(pinval) { /* 松开 */ key_val = 0x80 | (pindesc->key_val); } else { /* 按下 */ key_val = pindesc->key_val; } ev_press = 1; /* 表示中断已经发生 */ wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq); /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */ /* 用kill_fasync函数告诉应用程序,有数据可读了 * button_fasync结构体里包含了发给谁(PID指定) * SIGIO表示要发送的信号类型 * POLL_IN表示发送的原因(有数据可读了) */ kill_fasync(&button_fasync, SIGIO, POLL_IN); } /* 驱动入口函数 */ static int sixth_drv_init(void) { /* 初始化定时器 */ init_timer(&buttons_timer); /* 当定时时间到达时uttons_timer_function就会被调用 */ buttons_timer.function = buttons_timer_function; /* 向内核注册一个定时器 */ add_timer(&buttons_timer); /* 主设备号设置为0表示由系统自动分配主设备号 */ major = register_chrdev(0, "sixth_drv", &sixth_drv_fops); /* 创建sixthdrv类 */ sixthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "sixthdrv"); /* 在sixthdrv类下创建buttons设备,供应用程序打开设备*/ sixthdrv_device = device_create(sixthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); return 0; } /* 驱动出口函数 */ static void sixth_drv_exit(void) { unregister_chrdev(major, "sixth_drv"); device_unregister(sixthdrv_device); //卸载类下的设备 class_destroy(sixthdrv_class); //卸载类 } module_init(sixth_drv_init); //用于修饰入口函数 module_exit(sixth_drv_exit); //用于修饰出口函数 MODULE_AUTHOR("LWJ"); MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Just for Demon"); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); //遵循GPL协议
#include <stdio.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> //sleep #include <poll.h> #include <signal.h> #include <fcntl.h> /* buttons_all_test */ int main(int argc ,char *argv[]) { int fd; unsigned char key_val; fd = open("/dev/buttons",O_RDWR); /* 以阻塞方式读 */ if (fd < 0) { printf("open error\n"); return -1; } while(1) { int ret =read(fd,&key_val,1); printf("key_val: 0x%x, ret = %d\n", key_val, ret); //sleep(3); } return 0; }
[WJ2440]# ls Qt fourth_drv.ko sixth_drv.ko TQLedtest fourth_test sixth_test app_test home sixthdrvtest bin lib sys buttons_all_drv.ko linuxrc third_drv.ko buttons_all_test mnt third_test dev opt tmp driver_test proc udisk etc root usr fifth_drv.ko sbin var fifth_test sddisk web first_drv.ko second_drv.ko first_test second_test [WJ2440]# insmod buttons_all_drv.ko [WJ2440]# lsmod buttons_all_drv 3936 0 - Live 0xbf000000 [WJ2440]# ls /dev/buttons -l crw-rw---- 1 root root 252, 0 Jan 2 05:43 /dev/buttons [WJ2440]# ./buttons_all_test key_val: 0x1, ret = 1 key_val: 0x81, ret = 1 key_val: 0x1, ret = 1 key_val: 0x81, ret = 1 key_val: 0x4, ret = 1 key_val: 0x84, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x3, ret = 1 key_val: 0x83, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 key_val: 0x2, ret = 1 key_val: 0x82, ret = 1 [WJ2440]# ./buttons_all_test & [WJ2440]# top Mem: 9996K used, 50168K free, 0K shrd, 0K buff, 7180K cached CPU: 0.3% usr 0.5% sys 0.0% nic 99.0% idle 0.0% io 0.0% irq 0.0% sirq Load average: 0.02 0.05 0.01 1/23 604 PID PPID USER STAT VSZ %MEM CPU %CPU COMMAND 604 589 root R 2092 3.4 0 0.9 top 589 1 root S 2092 3.4 0 0.0 -/bin/sh 1 0 root S 2088 3.4 0 0.0 init 590 1 root S 2088 3.4 0 0.0 /usr/sbin/telnetd -l /bin/login 587 1 root S 1508 2.5 0 0.0 EmbedSky_wdg 603 589 root S 1428 2.3 0 0.0 ./buttons_all_test 573 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [rpciod/0] 5 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [khelper] 329 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [nfsiod] 2 0 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [kthreadd] 4 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [events/0] 3 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [ksoftirqd/0] 11 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [async/mgr] 237 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [kblockd/0] 247 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [khubd] 254 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [kmmcd] 278 2 root SW 0 0.0 0 0.0 [pdflush] 279 2 root SW 0 0.0 0 0.0 [pdflush] 280 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [kswapd0] 325 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [aio/0]
这里贴一张韦老师的定时器消抖动的按键分析图:
上一节文章链接:http://blog.csdn.net/lwj103862095/article/details/17563953