C++ list中erase和remove函数的用法

erase的作用是,使作为参数的迭代器失效,并返回指向该迭代器下一参数的迭代器。

如下:

list ParticleSystem;

list::iterator pointer;

if(pointer->dead == true)
{
   pointer = ParticleSystem.erase(pointer);
}

有一段关于错误使用erase的程序

using namespace std;
int main()
{
  std::listtest_list;
  std::list::iterator test_list_it;

  test_list.push_back(1);

  test_list_it = test_list.begin();
  for(;test_list_it != test_list.end();test_list_it++)

  {
  test_list.erase(test_list_it);
  }
}

问题:该程序不能跳出循环

原因:test_list.erase(test_list_it);每次做erase时都有可能使迭代器失效,test_list_it++就发生错误了。可以参见effective stl一书。所有容器做erase操作时都有可能使迭代器失效。

改为:

for(;test_list_it != test_list.end();)
{
    test_list.erase(test_list_it++);
}

or

for(;test_list_it != test_list.end();)
{
    std::list::iterator iter_e=test_list_it++;
    test_list.erase(iter_e);
}

注意:

for(;test_list_it != test_list.end();test_list_it++;) {
    std::list::iterator iter_e=test_list_it;
    test_list.erase(iter_e);
}

这样仍然是错误的,原因是:iter_e=test_list_it 是指针值的复制,它俩其实指向同一个位置,所以iter_e失效那么test_list_it也会失效,所以test_list_it++就会有问题
如果是

for(;test_list_it != test_list.end();)
{
    std::list::iterator iter_e=test_list_it++;
    test_list.erase(iter_e);
}

则没有问题。

以上转自:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_782496390100rtyp.html

remove函数也存在erase函数同样的问题,但remove函数返回值是空,erase返回指向下一个元素的迭代器。

 

下面是一个简单的例子。

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <malloc.h>
#include <list>

using namespace std;

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	printf("------------------------------ Start\n");

	list<int> ls;

	printf("ls.empty() = %d \n", ls.empty());
	printf("ls.max_size() = %d \n", ls.max_size());
	printf("ls.size() = %d \n", ls.size());

	ls.push_back(1);
	ls.push_back(2);
	ls.push_back(3);
	printf("\n--------- after push 1, 2, 3 ---------\n");
	printf("ls.empty() = %d \n", ls.empty());
	printf("ls.max_size() = %d \n", ls.max_size());
	printf("ls.size() = %d \n", ls.size());
	for (list<int>::iterator i = ls.begin(); i != ls.end(); i++) {
		printf("%d, ", *i);
	}

	printf("\n------------------------------\n");
	for (list<int>::iterator i = ls.begin(); i != ls.end(); ) {
		printf("erase %d \n", *i);
		ls.erase(i++);
	}
	printf("\n--------- after erase ---------\n");
	printf("ls.empty() = %d \n", ls.empty());
	printf("ls.max_size() = %d \n", ls.max_size());
	printf("ls.size() = %d \n", ls.size());

	printf("\n------------------------------\n");
	ls.push_back(1);
	ls.push_back(2);
	ls.push_back(3);
	for (list<int>::iterator i = ls.begin(); i != ls.end(); ) {
		printf("remove %d \n", *i);
		ls.remove(*i++);
	}
	printf("\n--------- after remove ---------\n");

	printf("ls.empty() = %d \n", ls.empty());
	printf("ls.max_size() = %d \n", ls.max_size());
	printf("ls.size() = %d \n", ls.size());

	printf("\n------------------------------ End\n");
	getchar();
	return 0;
}

其中:

	for (list<int>::iterator i = ls.begin(); i != ls.end(); ) {
		printf("erase %d \n", *i);
		ls.erase(i++);
	}

也可以写成下面的形式,因为erase函数的返回值就是指向下一个元素的迭代器。

	for (list<int>::iterator i = ls.begin(); i != ls.end(); ) {
		printf("erase %d \n", *i);
		i = ls.erase(i);
	}

输出结果如下:

------------------------------ Start
ls.empty() = 1
ls.max_size() = 1073741823
ls.size() = 0

--------- after push 1, 2, 3 ---------
ls.empty() = 0
ls.max_size() = 1073741823
ls.size() = 3
1, 2, 3,
------------------------------
erase 1
erase 2
erase 3

--------- after erase ---------
ls.empty() = 1
ls.max_size() = 1073741823
ls.size() = 0

------------------------------
remove 1
remove 2
remove 3

--------- after remove ---------
ls.empty() = 1
ls.max_size() = 1073741823
ls.size() = 0

------------------------------ End

 

 

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