Linux内核中的双向链表定义了如下简单结构:
struct list_head { struct list_head *next, *prev; };
struct my_list{ void *mydata; struct list_head list; };
向链表中添加,删除节点等很简单。但问题是,怎么取到链表结果中的数据呢?我们有的只是list_head的指针,而不是my_list的指针。在list.h中定义了list_entry宏来做这个工作:
/** * list_entry – get the struct for this entry * @ptr: the &struct list_head pointer. * @type: the type of the struct this is embedded in. * @member: the name of the list_struct within the struct. */ #define list_entry(ptr, type, member) \ ((type *)((char *)(ptr)-(unsigned long)(&((type *)0)->member)))
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define list_entry(ptr, type, member) \ ((type *)((char *)(ptr)-(unsigned long)(&((type *)0)->member))) struct list_head { struct list_head *pre, *next; }; struct my_data { int * int_data; struct list_head link; }; int main() { struct list_head head; struct my_data* data = malloc(sizeof(struct my_data)); data->int_data = malloc(4); *(data->int_data) = 5000; data->link.pre = &head; (&head)->next = &(data->link); printf("%d\n", *(data->int_data)); int* value = list_entry((&head)->next, struct my_data, link)->int_data; printf("%d\n", *value); return 0; }
5000 5000
list_entry(pos, mylist, list) 展开以后为:
((struct my_list *)((char *)(pos) – (unsigned long)(&((struct my_list *)0)->list)))
这看起来会使大多数人眩晕,但仔细分析一下,实际很简单。
((size_t) &(type *)0)->member)把0地址转化为type结构的指针,然后获取该结构中member成员的指针,并将其强制转换为size_t类型。于是,由于结构从0地址开始定义,因此,这样求出member的成员地址,实际上就是它在结构中的偏移量。
写一段程序来验证这个宏:
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> struct foobar{ unsigned int foo; char bar; char boo; }; int main(int argc, char** argv){ struct foobar tmp; printf("address of &tmp is= %p\n\n", &tmp); printf("address of tmp->foo= %p \t offset of tmp->foo= %lu\n", &tmp.foo, (unsigned long) &((struct foobar *)0)->foo); printf("address of tmp->bar= %p \t offset of tmp->bar= %lu\n", &tmp.bar, (unsigned long) &((struct foobar *)0)->bar); printf("address of tmp->boo= %p \t offset of tmp->boo= %lu\n\n", &tmp.boo, (unsigned long) &((struct foobar *)0)->boo); printf("computed address of &tmp using:\n"); printf("\taddress and offset of tmp->foo= %p\n", (struct foobar *) (((char *) &tmp.foo) - ((unsigned long) &((struct foobar *)0)->foo))); printf("\taddress and offset of tmp->bar= %p\n", (struct foobar *) (((char *) &tmp.bar) - ((unsigned long) &((struct foobar *)0)->bar))); printf("\taddress and offset of tmp->boo= %p\n", (struct foobar *) (((char *) &tmp.boo) - ((unsigned long) &((struct foobar *)0)->boo))); return 0; }
address of &tmp is= 0xbfffed00 address of tmp->foo= 0xbfffed00 offset of tmp->foo= 0 address of tmp->bar= 0xbfffed04 offset of tmp->bar= 4 address of tmp->boo= 0xbfffed05 offset of tmp->boo= 5 computed address of &tmp using: address and offset of tmp->foo= 0xbfffed00 address and offset of tmp->bar= 0xbfffed00 address and offset of tmp->boo= 0xbfffed00