idoc 和 bapi 和 rfc 之间的区别

se37写出来的叫function,其中可以远程调用的叫rfc,remote-enabled function,abap语法和输入输出参数就会有一些限制。bapi是sap做好的实现特定业务操作的rfc。idoc是基于sap自己的类似xml格式的文档数据交换的方式。rfc必须在线的方式调用,一般做同步的,idoc基于文档,可以实现异步的。

idoc是系统间利用message传递,不涉及底层函数调用,idoc的处理方式是用edi来执行的.
你可以理解为IDOC是SAP为了同外部系统或内部不同client通迅所采用的一种数据结构,不同的idoc type 定义了不同的格式,如关于material master data 的IDOC, BOM, PO,SO等相关的IDOC,, ALE 主要用于内部数据交换用的,如不同client, EDI用于同外部系统的交换数据,它们的本质都 是base on IDOC。。。idoc是基于sap自己的类似xml格式的文档数据交换的方式。idoc基于文档,可以实现异步的。


RFC是面向过程的,调用简单直接;
BAPI是面向对象的,有属性、有方法、有事件,更加复杂和丰富,更能反映SAP的业务应用,而
BAPI方法的构造是基于RFC的,你也可以认为BAPI封装了RFC
我觉得RFC在应用时最为灵活。
IDOC是SAP标准的文件交换格式,SAP已经有了大量的Function Module来处理和传递IDOC,特别
是对于要和其它系统交换数据时,配合一些系统如biztalk server,IDOC会显得非常的方便,开
发的工作量也是最小的。
 RFC的话,如果配合SAP的BDC使用的话,或者你是一个ABAP的高手的话,RFC也是很灵活的。
 至于BAPI的话,我觉得SAP的bapi概念很好,但是接口很不完善,很多数据无法通过SAP本身的
BAPI完成,得自己来做开发。
对于bapi和rfc到底那个好用,我觉得没什么定论。
有时bapi好用,有时rfc好用。
bapi好用在于,其效率相对比较高,这个主要体现在有些bapi是用direct input的方式写的,
效率高。
但你如果用rfc写也有他的好处,当你写的不只是一个luw时,而每个luw都比较简单,
在这种情况下就用rfc开发比较快。
SAP的idoc文件替代了edi文件的作用。
ale是一种通讯的模式。
bapi,一种函数,sap提供一大堆,用于主要的业务流程的处理
rfc,一种函数,用于与外部程序调用


应该说RFC是其它内容的基础,它是一个Function module,可以被远程调用。而BAPI本身就是一
个RFC,但它被作为BO的Interface,作用更进一步,除了BAPI文档中提到的内容外,还可以作为
ALE/IDOC的开发基础。
ALE是R/3系统之间的应用层数据交换,至于用什么,就看具体配置了,比如可以用IDOC,同步/
异步BAPI,甚至用EDI。非SAP系统无法用ALE来实现。
至于数据传输的方式,可以是IDOC(底层是用RFC来实际的),也可以是EDI,所以说IDOC/EDI实
际上是数据的载体。

 

 

EDI provides business process integration across companies by exchanging business documents such as purchase orders, invoices, and shipment notices in electronic form, using industry standard formats such as ANSI X12 (American National Standards Institute) and EDIFACT (Electronic Data Interchange
For Administration, Commerce, and Transport).

ALE, which is SAP's proprietary technology for integrating distributed business processes within a company, has been available in SAP since release 3.0. ALE was designed to link one SAP system to another SAP system, but the ALE architecture lent itself to being used in linking SAP systems to non-SAP systems without any modification. The flexibility of ALE technology has proliferated into several application areas, and today many third-party products use it to exchange data with SAP. The underlying architectures of the ALE and EDI technologies are quite similar. Both make use of SAP's proprietary
IDoc interface, which defines the format and structure of the data that is exchanged between two systems. Although ALE and EDI are the two biggest users of the IDoc interface, this interface can also be used by any two applications that need to exchange data. For example, it can be readily used to integrate SAP with Web applications.

As cross-application technologies, ALE and EDI are used in various modules of SAP such as SD (Sales and Distribution), MM (Materials Management), and FI (Financials). The wide-ranging application of these technologies has created an ever-increasing need for ALE, EDI, and IDoc skills. Mastery of these skills is a necessity for anyone involved in the technical or functional side of an SAP implementation.

 

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