但是,传统的程序在创建数据库和数据表时并没有使用那么复杂的配置,它们用的是默认的配置,那么,默认的配置从何而来呢?
(1)编译MySQL 时,指定了一个默认的字符集,这个字符集是 latin1;
(2)安装MySQL 时,可以在配置文件 (my.ini) 中指定一个默认的的字符集,如果没指定,这个值继承自编译时指定的;简单的总结一下,如果什么地方都不修改,那么所有的数据库的所有表的所有栏位的都用latin1 存储,
不过我们如果安装 MySQL,一般都会选择多语言支持,也就是说,安装程序会自动在配置文件中把default_character_set 设置为 UTF-8,
这保证了缺省情况下,所有的数据库的所有表的所有栏位的都用 UTF-8 存储。
2.查看默认字符集(默认情况下,mysql的字符集是latin1(ISO_8859_1)
通常,查看系统的字符集和排序方式的设定可以通过下面的两条命令:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%'; +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_connection | latin1 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | latin1 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%'; +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+
default-character-set = utf8
character_set_server = utf8
修改完后,重启mysql的服务,service mysql restart
使用 mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';查看,发现数据库编码均已改成utf8
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+
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其他的一些设置方法:
修改数据库的字符集
mysql>use mydb
mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8;
创建数据库指定数据库的字符集
mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8;
通过MySQL命令行修改:
mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)