有两种事件内核对象:自动事件和手动事件。当手动事件被触发时,所以该事件的等待线程都编程可调度状态;而自动事件被触发时,只有个一个等待该事件线程变成可调度状态。
下面再逐个讲解Event的相关函数:
a) 创建事件函数——CreateEvent函数:
HANDLE CreateEvent(
PSECURITY_ATTRIBUTESpsa,
BOOLbManualReset,
BOOLbInitialState,
PCTSTRpszName);
具体的函数参数及用法,请查看上面的超链接。
b) 第二创建事件的函数——CreateEventEx函数:
HANDLE CreateEventEx(
PSECURITY_ATTRIBUTESpsa,
PCTSTRpszName,
DWORDdwFlags,
DWORDdwDesiredAccess);
c) 访问某个打开的事件(Event)——OpenEvent函数:
HANDLE OpenEvent(
DWORDdwDesiredAccess,
BOOLbInherit,
PCTSTRpszName)
在pszName传递创建事件时函数的pszName参数值。
d) 使得某个事件处于触发状态——SetEvent函数:
BOOL SetEvent(HANDLE hEvent);
e) 将某个事件设置为非触发状态——ResetEvent函数:
BOOL ResetEvent(HANDLE hEvent);
f) 特别的函数——PluseEvent函数:
BOOL PulseEvent(HANDLE hEvent);
其作用相当于在调用SetEvent函数后立即调用ResetEvent函数,功能就是一次启用一个线程。因为手动方式的事件时,当事件触发时,所有的该事件阻塞的线程都会转为可调度状态。如果你调用PluseEvent函数后,在系统调用某一个线程后,由于立马将事件设置为非触发状态,这是其他线程也就再次被阻塞了。解释起来好像比较麻烦,不过该函数在实际使用过程中也少有用到。
看一个创建事件时设置手动方式的事件(manual-reset events)示例:
// Create a global handle to a manual-reset, nonsignaled event. HANDLE g_hEvent; int WINAPI _tWinMain(...) { // Create the manual-reset, nonsignaled event. g_hEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL); // Spawn 3 new threads. HANDLE hThread[3]; DWORD dwThreadID; hThread[0] = _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, WordCount, NULL, 0, &dwThreadID); hThread[1] = _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, SpellCheck, NULL, 0, &dwThreadID); hThread[2] = _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, GrammarCheck, NULL, 0, &dwThreadID); OpenFileAndReadContentsIntoMemory(...); // Allow all 3 threads to access the memory. SetEvent(g_hEvent); ... } DWORD WINAPI WordCount(PVOID pvParam) { // Wait until the file's data is in memory. WaitForSingleObject(g_hEvent, INFINITE); // Access the memory block. ... return(0); } DWORD WINAPI SpellCheck (PVOID pvParam) { // Wait until the file's data is in memory. WaitForSingleObject(g_hEvent, INFINITE); // Access the memory block. ... return(0); } DWORD WINAPI GrammarCheck (PVOID pvParam) { // Wait until the file's data is in memory. WaitForSingleObject(g_hEvent, INFINITE); // Access the memory block. ... return(0); }
创建事件时设置为自动方式时的事件(auto-reset event)示例:
// Create a global handle to a auto-reset, nonsignaled event. HANDLE g_hEvent; int WINAPI _tWinMain(...) { // Create the auto-reset, nonsignaled event. g_hEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL); // Spawn 3 new threads. HANDLE hThread[3]; DWORD dwThreadID; hThread[0] = _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, WordCount, NULL, 0, &dwThreadID); hThread[1] = _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, SpellCheck, NULL, 0, &dwThreadID); hThread[2] = _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, GrammarCheck, NULL, 0, &dwThreadID); OpenFileAndReadContentsIntoMemory(...); // Allow all 3 threads to access the memory. SetEvent(g_hEvent); ... } DWORD WINAPI WordCount(PVOID pvParam) { // Wait until the file's data is in memory. WaitForSingleObject(g_hEvent, INFINITE); // Access the memory block. ... SetEvent(g_hEvent); return(0); } DWORD WINAPI SpellCheck (PVOID pvParam) { // Wait until the file's data is in memory. WaitForSingleObject(g_hEvent, INFINITE); // Access the memory block. ... SetEvent(g_hEvent); return(0); } DWORD WINAPI GrammarCheck (PVOID pvParam) { // Wait until the file's data is in memory. WaitForSingleObject(g_hEvent, INFINITE); // Access the memory block. ... SetEvent(g_hEvent); return(0); }
分析:对比上面的代码示例,细心的话你会发现:在自动方式下的代码中,每个线程在返回前都会调用SetEvent函数将事件设置为触发状态;而手动方式事件对应的函数中没有调用这个函数。
这是因为在自动方式下,事件每次转化为触发状态时只能使一个线程变成可调度状态,为了让其他线程也能被执行,所以在每个线程返回前再次将事件设置为触发状态,使得其他等待该事件的线程转为可调度状态从而被执行。
而手动方式下,则不同,当手动方式事件被SetEvent函数触发一次,它就一直保持触发态,直到再次调用ReSetEvent函数将它设为非触发态。