索引:[LeetCode] Leetcode 题解索引 (C++/Java/Python/Sql)
Github: https://github.com/illuz/leetcode
题目:https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/merge-k-sorted-lists/
代码(github):https://github.com/illuz/leetcode
和 021. Merge Two Sorted Lists (Easy) 类似,这次要 Merge K 个。
很明显可以想到利用已经完成的 Merge Two Sorted Lists 的函数来用。
这时有两种方法:
1. (C++) 用二分的思想,把每个 List 和它相邻的 List 进行 Merge,这样规模就缩小了一半了,再重复这样,就可以 O(nklogk) 完成。比如: [1, 2, …, n] 的第一轮 Merge 是 [1, n/2], [2, n/2+1], …
2. (Python) 也是用二分的思想,就是把 Lists 分为两部分,分别递归 Merge k Sorted Lists 后变成两个 List ,然后再对这两 List 进行 Merge Two Sorted Lists 。
这两种方法都是递归调用,都可以进行记忆化,用空间换时间,不过我不清楚会不会超空间(Memory Limit Exceed),所以就没试了~
除了用二分的思路,还有更好写的方法,就是用堆(heap),具体就是用优先队列(Priority Queue)。
(Java) 先把每个 List 的第一个节点放进优先队列,每次取出队列中的最大值节点,再把那个节点的 next 放进去。
C++:
class Solution { public: ListNode *mergeKLists(vector<ListNode *> &lists) { int sz = lists.size(); if (sz == 0) return NULL; while (sz > 1) { int k = (sz + 1) / 2; for (int i = 0; i < sz / 2; i++) lists[i] = mergeTwoLists(lists[i], lists[i + k]); sz = k; } return lists[0]; } ListNode *mergeTwoLists(ListNode *l1, ListNode *l2) { if (l1 == NULL) return l2; if (l2 == NULL) return l1; ListNode *start, *p1; if (l1->val < l2->val) { p1 = start = l1; l1 = l1->next; } else { p1 = start = l2; l2 = l2->next; } while (l1 != NULL && l2 != NULL) { if (l1->val < l2->val) { p1->next = l1; p1 = l1; l1 = l1->next; } else { p1->next = l2; p1 = l2; l2 = l2->next; } } if (l1 != NULL) p1->next = l1; else p1->next = l2; return start; } };
Java:
public class Solution { public ListNode mergeKLists(List<ListNode> lists) { Queue<ListNode> heap = new PriorityQueue<ListNode>(new Comparator<ListNode>(){ @Override public int compare(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) { return l1.val - l2.val; } }); ListNode dummy = new ListNode(0), cur = dummy, tmp; for (ListNode list : lists) { if (list != null) { heap.offer(list); } } while (!heap.isEmpty()) { tmp = heap.poll(); cur.next = tmp; cur = cur.next; if (tmp.next != null) { heap.offer(tmp.next); } } return dummy.next; } }
Python:
class Solution: # @param a list of ListNode # @return a ListNode def mergeKLists(self, lists): if len(lists) == 0: return None if len(lists) == 1: return lists[0] mid = len(lists) // 2 left = self.mergeKLists(lists[:mid]) right = self.mergeKLists(lists[mid:]) # merge left and right dummy = ListNode(0) cur = dummy while left or right: if right == None or (left and left.val <= right.val): cur.next = left left = left.next else: cur.next = right right = right.next cur = cur.next return dummy.next