使用android提供的BitmapFactory解码图片时,往往会因为图片过大而遇到OutOfMemoryError的异常。要想正常使用,一种简便的方式是分配更少的内存空间来存储,即在载入图片的时候以牺牲图片质量为代价,将图片进行放缩,这是一种避免OOM所采用的解决方法。但是,这种方法是得不偿失的,牺牲了图片质量。
在BitmapFactory中有一个内部类BitmapFactory.Options,其中值得我们注意的是inSampleSize和inJustDecodeBounds两个属性:
inSampleSize是以2的指数的倒数被进行放缩
If set to a value > 1, requests the decoder to subsample the original image, returning a smaller image to save memory. (1 -> decodes full size; 2 -> decodes 1/4th size; 4 -> decode 1/16th size). Because you rarely need to show and have full size bitmap images on your phone. For manipulations smaller sizes are usually enough.
inJustDecodeBounds为Boolean型
设置inJustDecodeBounds为true后,decodeFile并不分配空间,但可计算出原始图片的长度和宽度,即options.outWidth和options.outHeight。
要对图片进行缩放,最大的问题就是怎么在运行时动态的改变inSampleSize的值,通过上面的inJustDecodeBounds可以知道图片原始的大小,那么这样以来就可以通过算法来得到一个恰当的inSampleSize值。其动态算法可参考下面的,网上也很多,大体都一样:
/** * compute Sample Size * * @param options * @param minSideLength * @param maxNumOfPixels * @return */ public static int computeSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options, int minSideLength, int maxNumOfPixels) { int initialSize = computeInitialSampleSize(options, minSideLength, maxNumOfPixels); int roundedSize; if (initialSize <= 8) { roundedSize = 1; while (roundedSize < initialSize) { roundedSize <<= 1; } } else { roundedSize = (initialSize + 7) / 8 * 8; } return roundedSize; } /** * compute Initial Sample Size * * @param options * @param minSideLength * @param maxNumOfPixels * @return */ private static int computeInitialSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options, int minSideLength, int maxNumOfPixels) { double w = options.outWidth; double h = options.outHeight; // 上下限范围 int lowerBound = (maxNumOfPixels == -1) ? 1 : (int) Math.ceil(Math .sqrt(w * h / maxNumOfPixels)); int upperBound = (minSideLength == -1) ? 128 : (int) Math.min( Math.floor(w / minSideLength), Math.floor(h / minSideLength)); if (upperBound < lowerBound) { // return the larger one when there is no overlapping zone. return lowerBound; } if ((maxNumOfPixels == -1) && (minSideLength == -1)) { return 1; } else if (minSideLength == -1) { return lowerBound; } else { return upperBound; } }
有了上面的算法,我们就可以轻易的get到Bitmap了:
/** * get Bitmap * * @param imgFile * @param minSideLength * @param maxNumOfPixels * @return */ public static Bitmap tryGetBitmap(String imgFile, int minSideLength, int maxNumOfPixels) { if (imgFile == null || imgFile.length() == 0) return null; try { FileDescriptor fd = new FileInputStream(imgFile).getFD(); BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options(); options.inJustDecodeBounds = true; // BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imgFile, options); BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fd, null, options); options.inSampleSize = computeSampleSize(options, minSideLength, maxNumOfPixels); try { // 这里一定要将其设置回false,因为之前我们将其设置成了true // 设置inJustDecodeBounds为true后,decodeFile并不分配空间,即,BitmapFactory解码出来的Bitmap为Null,但可计算出原始图片的长度和宽度 options.inJustDecodeBounds = false; Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imgFile, options); return bmp == null ? null : bmp; } catch (OutOfMemoryError err) { return null; } } catch (Exception e) { return null; } }