对任何有开发经验的童鞋,对Handler肯定是如雷贯耳,使用也必定非常熟练,当现在我还是想对其来个梳理,总结下常见的疑问:
1.常听人说mHandler.obtainMessage(what,obj).sendToTarget()要比{Message msg = new Message;msg.what= 1;msg.obj = obj;mHandler.sendMessage(msg)}要简洁,要好?
对这样的传说,究竟有多少人认真审视过?它是不是真的好?好又好在哪里?是简洁还是性能?对这一路的疑惑,我们慢慢道来,这里面涉及到了Handler也涉及到了Message,下面从源码来解惑,先来看看Handler类源码中几个重要方法:
//构造函数 public Handler() { if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) { final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass(); if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) && (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) { Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " + klass.getCanonicalName()); } } //获取当前线程的私有looper mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); if (mLooper == null) { throw new RuntimeException( "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()"); } //获取当前线程私有消息队列 mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; mCallback = null; }<pre name="code" class="html">//获取Message对象 public final Message obtainMessage(int what, Object obj) { return Message.obtain(this, what, obj); } //发送消息 public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis) { if (delayMillis < 0) { delayMillis = 0; } return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis); } //发送消息的实际执行方法,就是将该消息加入到消息队列中 public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) { boolean sent = false; MessageQueue queue = mQueue; if (queue != null) { msg.target = this; sent = queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis); } else { RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException( this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue"); Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e); } return sent; } //派送消息并处理,这也就是之所以我们实现了handleMessage后,就可以得到处理 public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.callback != null) { handleCallback(msg); } else { if (mCallback != null) { if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) { return; } } handleMessage(msg); } }
看完Handler后,再来看下Messager类几个重要方法:
public static Message obtain(Handler h, int what, Object obj) {//对应handler中的obtainMessage Message m = obtain(); m.target = h; m.what = what; m.obj = obj; return m; }<pre name="code" class="html">//获取消息,如果消息池为null,就创建消息,如果不为null,则从消息池里面取消息 public static Message obtain() { synchronized (sPoolSync) { if (sPool != null) { Message m = sPool; sPool = m.next; m.next = null; sPoolSize--; return m; } } return new Message(); } //回收消息,如果消息池没有满则加入消息池中,满的话,则舍弃public void recycle() { clearForRecycle(); synchronized (sPoolSync) { if (sPoolSize < MAX_POOL_SIZE) { next = sPool; sPool = this; sPoolSize++; } } }
看完Handler和Messager类后,就可以回到问题了,当采用obtainMessage获取消息时,当消息池中没有消息就和new Message方式开销都是一样的,都是通过创建Message来获取消息,如果消息池不为null,则前者可以直接取消息而不用new了,节省了开销和空间,因而传说不欺人也。
2.在线程中创建Handler,如果没有调用prepare(),为何一直会报错,调用了prepare()后,不报错了但是消息没有处理?为何调用prepare和loop后的activity内部线程,在onDestory中没有调用该线程的quit方法会导致内存泄露?
废话先别说,直接上Looper类源码:
Looper构造函数: private Looper() { mQueue = new MessageQueue();//创建了个消息队列 mRun = true; mThread = Thread.currentThread(); //该looper所在线程属于当前线程 } public static void prepare() { if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) { throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread"); } sThreadLocal.set(new Looper()); //作用就是为该线程创建一个隶属于自己的Looper } public static Looper myLooper() { return sThreadLocal.get();//取出线程自己所属的Looper } public static void loop() { Looper me = myLooper(); if (me == null) { throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread."); } MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue; // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process, // and keep track of what that identity token actually is. Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); //此处就是个循环,一直从消息队列中取消息进程处理,处理完成后,就调用recycle回收msg,结合Message类,就可以知道回收掉的msg,就会重新放入消息池中。 while (true) { Message msg = queue.next(); // might block if (msg != null) { if (msg.target == null) { // No target is a magic identifier for the quit message. return; } long wallStart = 0; long threadStart = 0; // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger Printer logging = me.mLogging; if (logging != null) { logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what); wallStart = SystemClock.currentTimeMicro(); threadStart = SystemClock.currentThreadTimeMicro(); } //msg.target就是handler,调用dispatchMessage就是分发消息,再通过handlerMessage进行处理 msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); if (logging != null) { long wallTime = SystemClock.currentTimeMicro() - wallStart; long threadTime = SystemClock.currentThreadTimeMicro() - threadStart; logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback); if (logging instanceof Profiler) { ((Profiler) logging).profile(msg, wallStart, wallTime, threadStart, threadTime); } } // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted. final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); if (ident != newIdent) { Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x" + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x" + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to " + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " " + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what); } //处理完成后,消息回收,放入消息池中 msg.recycle(); } } } //结束消息循环,该线程所做任务也就完成了 Looper.quit(): public void quit() { Message msg = Message.obtain(); // NOTE: By enqueueing directly into the message queue, the // message is left with a null target. This is how we know it is // a quit message. mQueue.enqueueMessage(msg, 0); }
看完源码后,我们应该有这样一个思路,在线程中创建Handler,如果没有调用Looper.prepare(),则会报错,原因很简单,因为在Handler的构造函数中会去取该线程私有的looper,而线程的私有looper,是在Looper.prepare中通过sThreadLocal设置进去的,而没有调用prepare,在初始化Handler时取出线程的私有looper则为null,因此就会报“Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()”异常。
当调用Looper.prepare()后在handler初始化时就可以获取到looper,也具备自己的消息队列了,因而也就不会报错,但没有调用Looper.loop(),则不会执行handler发出的消息,looper.loop()方法通过源码我们可以知道,它的工作就是一直从线程私有消息队列中取消息,并调用handler的dispatchMessage方法去分派消息,最后处理完成后,就将该消息所占用的空间回收值消息池中,如果没有调用Looper.loop(),则表示没有从消息队列中取消息进行处理的意向,因而也不会执行你所实现的handleMessage。
当我们在线程中调用了Looper.prepare()和Looper.loop(),如果此时线程是activity的内部线程或匿名线程,如果没有该线程的quit方法,则会造成内存泄露,其原因就是调用Looper.loop()后,其内部就是一个死循环,如果不调用quit,则会一直存活,加之该activity的隐含this也存活在该线程中,因而在activity销毁后,没有调用quit方法,会导致该线程还是一直在运行,造成activity隐含的this没有得到释放,进而导致泄露。
说到此处,总结下Thread,Looper,Handler,MessageQueue,Message的关系:
当我们创建个线程后,调用了Looper.prepare(),此时就会为线程创建一份私有的looper和消息队列MessageQueue,如果此时在创建Handler,就表示该Handler存放消息的位置就是该线程的MessageQueue,调用Looper.loop后,表示会一直从MessageQueue中取消息取处理,并执行Handler中实现的handleMessage方法,处理完成msg后,则会回收msg所占空间值Message的消息池中。