国际贸易理论与政策

lec1intro

DDFT
degree of dependence on foreign trade
出口依存度=出口额/（本国的）GDP
进口依存度=进口额/（本国的）GDP
对外贸易依存度=进口依存度+出口依存度
course overview

• trade theory topics
  
  • classical trade theory: Ricardo’s model李嘉图模型
  • neoclassical model and general equilibrium analysis:;H-O model HO模型
  • incomplete competition and trade:krugman model不完全竞争理论
  • other contemporary trade propositions:PLC theory
  • factor mobility and related topics:MNC theory,regionalism and WTO
• trade policy topics
  
  • tariff analysis:welfare effect and marketplace issues
  • non-tariff measures: quota, subsidy,etc
  • protectionism: from infant industry protectionism to strategic protectionism

lec2

重商主义mercantilism
wealth = holdings of precious metals
主张贸易顺差，零和博弈

absolute advantage model
国家的财富反映在生产力上

李嘉图模型
productivity:unit labor requirement 单位劳动需求（成本）
PPE：production possibility frontier(贸易可能性边界)
aL：单位劳动需求
QL：数量
P单位价值，工资=P/a
相对价格：Pc/Pw
机会成本：aLC/aLW
tot: term of trade
refers to the relative price of exports in terms of imports[1] and is defined as the ratio of export prices to import prices
意味着出口商品价格相对于进口商品价格提高了，也即该国能以较少的出口商品换取较多的进口商品，这对该国说来是有利的，是外贸条件的改善

relative wage between trade partners

贸易模型由比较优势决定，
前提是两国商品价格一致，那么工资水平由绝对优势决定
工资率位于不同劳动生产率之间

misconceptions about comparative advantage

劳动生产率vs竞争力
贫民劳动率
剥削

extensions

multiple goods extension
transport cost and non-traded goods
市场竞争力

summary

The difference in labor productivity gives rise to mutually beneficial trade: the 2x2x1 Ricardian Model
In Ricardian Model, each country’s gains from trade and
patterns of trade and production are determined by
comparative advantage
Extensions of Ricardian model with money, multiple
commodities, multiple countries and transportation costs
make the basic Ricardian Model much more realistic.

key terms

problems【todo】

相对需求曲线：RD
相对供给曲线：RS
横轴：相对产量以奶酪/酒为横坐标
纵轴：相对价格奶酪价格/酒价格

aW/aC比出来的的数值是用C衡量的W的成本