ubantu14.04第二个memory驱动程序

1. mydm1.c:

<span style="font-size:14px;">#include <linux/init.h> 
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
 
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL"); 

int devMajor = 224; // 主设备号用于内核把文件和它的驱动链接在一起

static unsigned char simple_inc = 0;
static unsigned char demoBuffer[256]; // 用于存储该驱动的数据

int simple_open( struct inode *inode, struct file *filp )
{
	printk(" : open Success!\n");
	if(simple_inc>0)
	{
		return -1;
	}
	
	simple_inc = simple_inc + 1;
	return 0;
}

int simple_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
	printk(": release Success%d!\n",devMajor);
	simple_inc = simple_inc - 1;
	return 0;
}

ssize_t simple_read(struct file *filp,char __user *buf,size_t count,loff_t *f_pos)
{
	printk(": read Success%d!\n", devMajor);
	/*把数据复制到应用程序空间
	从内核空间demoBuffer中拷贝数据到用户空间buf中*/
	if( copy_to_user(buf,demoBuffer,count) ) 
	{
		count=-EFAULT;
	}
	return count;
}

ssize_t simple_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf,size_t count,loff_t *f_pos)
{
	printk(": write Success%d!\n",devMajor);
	/*把数据复制到内核空间*/
	if(copy_from_user(demoBuffer + *f_pos,buf,count))
	{
		count=-EFAULT;
	}
	return count;
}

struct file_operations simple_fops={
.owner=THIS_MODULE,
.read=simple_read,
.write=simple_write,
.open=simple_open,
.release=simple_release,
};

/*******************************************************
MODULEROUTINE
*******************************************************/
static void __exit simple_cleanup_module(void)
{
	unregister_chrdev(devMajor,"mydm1");
	printk(" : simple_cleanup_module!\n");
	//return 0;
}

static int __init simple_init_module(void)
{
	int ret;
	//根据设备号与设备名注册字符设备,此处设备名不一定要与模块名相同,
  	/*register_chrdev函数用于在内核空间,把驱动
	和/dev下设备文件链接在一起*/
	ret=register_chrdev( devMajor,"mydm1",&simple_fops);
	if(ret<0)
	{
		printk(" : Unabletoregistercharacterdevice%d!\n",devMajor);
		return ret;
	}
	else
	{
		printk(" : Success%d!\n",devMajor );
	}
	return 0;
}

module_init(simple_init_module);
module_exit(simple_cleanup_module);</span>

2. Makefile:

<span style="font-size:14px;">obj-m := mydm1.o
#KERNELDIR := /lib/modules/3.13.0-32-generic/build
KERNELDIR := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD := $(shell pwd)


modules:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
modules_install:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install

clean:
	rm *.o *.ko *.mod.c *.order *.symvers</span>


3.test.c:

<span style="font-size:14px;">#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void main(void)
{
	int fd;
	int i;
	char data[256];
	int retval;
	fd = open("/dev/fgj",O_RDWR);
	if(fd==-1)
	{
		perror("erroropen\n");
		exit(-1);
	}
	printf("open/dev/fgjsuccessfully\n");
	//写数据
	retval = write(fd,"fgj",3);
	if(retval==-1)
	{
		perror("writeerror\n");
		exit(-1);
	}
	printf("write successfully\n");
	//读数据
	retval=read(fd,data,3);
	if(retval==-1)
	{
		perror("readerror\n");
		exit(-1);
	}
	data[retval]=0;
	printf("readsuccessfully:%s\n",data);
	//关闭设备
	close(fd);
}
</span>

4. 运行:

  1. 到包含Makefile和mydm1.c的目录下执行make,生成mydm1.ko;

  2. 执行sudo insmod mydm1.ko;

  3. 验证:lsmod | grep mydm1

  4. 需要创建一个文件(该设备文件用于和设备驱动操作)

     mknod /dev/fgj c 224 0  c代表字符设备 224为主设备号,0为从设备号

  5. gcc test.c,然后执行:sudo ./a.out 输出如下:

    open/dev/fgjsuccessfully
    write successfully
    readsuccessfully:fgj

用户函数和内核函数对应关系:

ubantu14.04第二个memory驱动程序_第1张图片

注意:

1. 保证/dev/fgj有读写权限 chmod 666 /dev/fgj;

2. printk打印的消息若灭有在控制台上显示,可以同构dmesg命令或查看系统的日志文件cat /var/log/syslog命令看到;

3. 驱动编译:gcc必须用系统自带的版本,gcc -v查看当前版本, 否则insmod后,lsmod会没反应,系统直接卡死,注销也不行,只能重启;


ref: 

http://read.pudn.com/downloads119/ebook/506573/Linuxdevicedriver.pdf

http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=g2-BXCT3tUdsRWLShnFZ6x0OifBbVny3RnEJ4rUn5YAVsZxMXRt6ze6UsEw7vMfM3rPomf7c-sv2DtStQm_Z9q

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