cat ping.c
/*
* Copyright (c) 1989 The Regents of the University of California.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
* Mike Muuss.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed by the University of
* California, Berkeley and its contributors.
* 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
char copyright[] =
"@(#) Copyright (c) 1989 The Regents of the University of California.\n"
"All rights reserved.\n";
/*
* From: @(#)ping.c 5.9 (Berkeley) 5/12/91
*/
char rcsid[] = "$Id: ping.c,v 1.22 1997/06/08 19:39:47 dholland Exp $";
char pkg[] = "netkit-base-0.10";
/*
* P I N G . C
*
* Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
* measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
*
* Author -
* Mike Muuss
* U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
* December, 1983
*
* Status -
* Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited.
* Bugs -
* More statistics could always be gathered.
* This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
*/
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/signal.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
/*
* Note: on some systems dropping root makes the process dumpable or
* traceable. In that case if you enable dropping root and someone
* traces ping, they get control of a raw socket and can start
* spoofing whatever packets they like. SO BE CAREFUL.
*/
#ifdef __linux__
#define SAFE_TO_DROP_ROOT
#endif
#if defined(__GLIBC__) && (__GLIBC__ >= 2)
#define icmphdr icmp
#define ICMP_DEST_UNREACH ICMP_UNREACH
#define ICMP_NET_UNREACH ICMP_UNREACH_NET
#define ICMP_HOST_UNREACH ICMP_UNREACH_HOST
#define ICMP_PORT_UNREACH ICMP_UNREACH_PORT
#define ICMP_PROT_UNREACH ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL
#define ICMP_FRAG_NEEDED ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG
#define ICMP_SR_FAILED ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL
#define ICMP_NET_UNKNOWN ICMP_UNREACH_NET_UNKNOWN
#define ICMP_HOST_UNKNOWN ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_UNKNOWN
#define ICMP_HOST_ISOLATED ICMP_UNREACH_ISOLATED
#define ICMP_NET_UNR_TOS ICMP_UNREACH_TOSNET
#define ICMP_HOST_UNR_TOS ICMP_UNREACH_TOSHOST
#define ICMP_SOURCE_QUENCH ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH
#define ICMP_REDIR_NET ICMP_REDIRECT_NET
#define ICMP_REDIR_HOST ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST
#define ICMP_REDIR_NETTOS ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET
#define ICMP_REDIR_HOSTTOS ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST
#define ICMP_TIME_EXCEEDED ICMP_TIMXCEED
#define ICMP_EXC_TTL ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS
#define ICMP_EXC_FRAGTIME ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS
#define ICMP_PARAMETERPROB ICMP_PARAMPROB
#define ICMP_TIMESTAMP ICMP_TSTAMP
#define ICMP_TIMESTAMPREPLY ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY
#define ICMP_INFO_REQUEST ICMP_IREQ
#define ICMP_INFO_REPLY ICMP_IREQREPLY
#else
#define ICMP_MINLEN 28
#define inet_ntoa(x) inet_ntoa(*((struct in_addr *)&(x)))
#endif
#define DEFDATALEN (64 - 8) /* default data length */
#define MAXIPLEN 60
#define MAXICMPLEN 76
#define MAXPACKET (65536 - 60 - 8)/* max packet size */
#define MAXWAIT 10 /* max seconds to wait for response */
#define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */
#define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */
#define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */
#define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit))
#define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
#define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit))
/* various options */
int options;
#define F_FLOOD 0x001
#define F_INTERVAL 0x002
#define F_NUMERIC 0x004
#define F_PINGFILLED 0x008
#define F_QUIET 0x010
#define F_RROUTE 0x020
#define F_SO_DEBUG 0x040
#define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x080
#define F_VERBOSE 0x100
/* multicast options */
int moptions;
#define MULTICAST_NOLOOP 0x001
#define MULTICAST_TTL 0x002
#define MULTICAST_IF 0x004
/*
* MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
* number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128
* to 8192 for complete accuracy...
*/
#define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128)
int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
struct sockaddr whereto; /* who to ping */
int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
int s; /* socket file descriptor */
u_char outpack[MAXPACKET];
char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */
char DOT = '.';
static char *hostname;
static int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */
/* counters */
static long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */
static long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */
static long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */
static long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
static int interval = 1; /* interval between packets */
/* timing */
static int timing; /* flag to do timing */
static long tmin = LONG_MAX; /* minimum round trip time */
static long tmax = 0; /* maximum round trip time */
static u_long tsum; /* sum of all times, for doing average */
/* protos */
static char *pr_addr(u_long);
static int in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len);
static void catcher(int);
static void finish(int ignore);
static void pinger(void);
static void fill(void *bp, char *patp);
static void usage(void);
static void pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from);
static void tvsub(struct timeval *out, struct timeval *in);
static void pr_icmph(struct icmphdr *icp);
static void pr_retip(struct iphdr *ip);
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct timeval timeout;
struct hostent *hp;
struct sockaddr_in *to;
struct protoent *proto;
struct in_addr ifaddr;
int i;
int ch, fdmask, hold, packlen, preload;
u_char *datap, *packet;
char *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
u_char ttl, loop;
int am_i_root;
#ifdef IP_OPTIONS
char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */
#endif
static char *null = NULL;
__environ = &null;
am_i_root = (getuid()==0);
/*
* Pull this stuff up front so we can drop root if desired.
*/
if (!(proto = getprotobyname("icmp"))) {
(void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: unknown protocol icmp.\n");
exit(2);
}
if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto->p_proto)) < 0) {
if (errno==EPERM) {
fprintf(stderr, "ping: ping must run as root\n");
}
else perror("ping: socket");
exit(2);
}
#ifdef SAFE_TO_DROP_ROOT
setuid(getuid());
#endif
preload = 0;
datap = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)];
while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "I:LRc:dfh:i:l:np:qrs:t:v")) != EOF)
switch(ch) {
case 'c':
npackets = atoi(optarg);
if (npackets <= 0) {
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"ping: bad number of packets to transmit.\n");
exit(2);
}
break;
case 'd':
options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
break;
case 'f':
if (!am_i_root) {
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"ping: %s\n", strerror(EPERM));
exit(2);
}
options |= F_FLOOD;
setbuf(stdout, NULL);
break;
case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */
interval = atoi(optarg);
if (interval <= 0) {
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"ping: bad timing interval.\n");
exit(2);
}
options |= F_INTERVAL;
break;
case 'l':
if (!am_i_root) {
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"ping: %s\n", strerror(EPERM));
exit(2);
}
preload = atoi(optarg);
if (preload < 0) {
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"ping: bad preload value.\n");
exit(2);
}
break;
case 'n':
options |= F_NUMERIC;
break;
case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */
options |= F_PINGFILLED;
fill(datap, optarg);
break;
case 'q':
options |= F_QUIET;
break;
case 'R':
options |= F_RROUTE;
break;
case 'r':
options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
break;
case 's': /* size of packet to send */
datalen = atoi(optarg);
if (datalen > MAXPACKET) {
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"ping: packet size too large.\n");
exit(2);
}
if (datalen <= 0) {
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"ping: illegal packet size.\n");
exit(2);
}
break;
case 'v':
options |= F_VERBOSE;
break;
case 'L':
moptions |= MULTICAST_NOLOOP;
loop = 0;
break;
case 't':
moptions |= MULTICAST_TTL;
i = atoi(optarg);
if (i < 0 || i > 255) {
printf("ttl %u out of range\n", i);
exit(2);
}
ttl = i;
break;
case 'I':
moptions |= MULTICAST_IF;
{
int i1, i2, i3, i4;
char junk;
if (sscanf(optarg, "%u.%u.%u.%u%c",
&i1, &i2, &i3, &i4, &junk) != 4) {
printf("bad interface address '%s'\n",
optarg);
exit(2);
}
ifaddr.s_addr = (i1<<24)|(i2<<16)|(i3<<8)|i4;
ifaddr.s_addr = htonl(ifaddr.s_addr);
}
break;
default:
usage();
}
argc -= optind;
argv += optind;
if (argc != 1)
usage();
target = *argv;
memset(&whereto, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto;
to->sin_family = AF_INET;
if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr)) {
hostname = target;
}
else {
hp = gethostbyname(target);
if (!hp) {
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"ping: unknown host %s\n", target);
exit(2);
}
to->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype;
if (hp->h_length > (int)sizeof(to->sin_addr)) {
hp->h_length = sizeof(to->sin_addr);
}
memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
(void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
hostname = hnamebuf;
}
if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL) {
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"ping: -f and -i incompatible options.\n");
exit(2);
}
if (datalen >= (int)sizeof(struct timeval)) /* can we time transfer */
timing = 1;
packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN;
packet = malloc((u_int)packlen);
if (!packet) {
(void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: out of memory.\n");
exit(2);
}
if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i)
*datap++ = i;
ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
hold = 1;
if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
sizeof(hold));
if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
sizeof(hold));
/* this is necessary for broadcast pings to work */
setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, (char *)&hold, sizeof(hold));
/* record route option */
if (options & F_RROUTE) {
#ifdef IP_OPTIONS
memset(rspace, 0, sizeof(rspace));
rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1;
rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
sizeof(rspace)) < 0) {
perror("ping: record route");
exit(2);
}
#else
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"ping: record route not available in this implementation.\n");
exit(2);
#endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
}
/*
* When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
* Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
* ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
* /etc/ethers.
*/
hold = 48 * 1024;
(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
sizeof(hold));
/*#if 0*/
if (moptions & MULTICAST_NOLOOP) {
if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP,
&loop, 1) == -1) {
perror ("can't disable multicast loopback");
exit(92);
}
}
if (moptions & MULTICAST_TTL) {
if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL,
&ttl, 1) == -1) {
perror ("can't set multicast time-to-live");
exit(93);
}
}
if (moptions & MULTICAST_IF) {
if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF,
&ifaddr, sizeof(ifaddr)) == -1) {
perror ("can't set multicast source interface");
exit(94);
}
}
/*#endif*/
if (to->sin_family == AF_INET)
(void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname,
inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&to->sin_addr.s_addr),
datalen);
else
(void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
(void)signal(SIGINT, finish);
(void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher);
while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */
pinger();
if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0)
catcher(0); /* start things going */
for (;;) {
struct sockaddr_in from;
register int cc;
size_t fromlen;
if (options & F_FLOOD) {
pinger();
timeout.tv_sec = 0;
timeout.tv_usec = 10000;
fdmask = 1 << s;
if (select(s + 1, (fd_set *)&fdmask, (fd_set *)NULL,
(fd_set *)NULL, &timeout) < 1)
continue;
}
fromlen = sizeof(from);
if ((cc = recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, packlen, 0,
(struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen)) < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
perror("ping: recvfrom");
continue;
}
pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from);
if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets)
break;
}
finish(0);
/* NOTREACHED */
return 0;
}
/*
* catcher --
* This routine causes another PING to be transmitted, and then
* schedules another SIGALRM for 1 second from now.
*
* bug --
* Our sense of time will slowly skew (i.e., packets will not be
* launched exactly at 1-second intervals). This does not affect the
* quality of the delay and loss statistics.
*/
static void
catcher(int ignore)
{
int waittime;
(void)ignore;
pinger();
(void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher);
if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
alarm((u_int)interval);
else {
if (nreceived) {
waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000;
if (!waittime)
waittime = 1;
if (waittime > MAXWAIT)
waittime = MAXWAIT;
} else
waittime = MAXWAIT;
(void)signal(SIGALRM, finish);
(void)alarm((u_int)waittime);
}
}
#if !defined(__GLIBC__) || (__GLIBC__ < 2)
#define icmp_type type
#define icmp_code code
#define icmp_cksum checksum
#define icmp_id un.echo.id
#define icmp_seq un.echo.sequence
#define icmp_gwaddr un.gateway
#endif /* __GLIBC__ */
#define ip_hl ihl
#define ip_v version
#define ip_tos tos
#define ip_len tot_len
#define ip_id id
#define ip_off frag_off
#define ip_ttl ttl
#define ip_p protocol
#define ip_sum check
#define ip_src saddr
#define ip_dst daddr
/*
* pinger --
* Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet
* will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
* and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes
* of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX
* byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
*/
static void
pinger(void)
{
register struct icmphdr *icp;
register int cc;
int i;
icp = (struct icmphdr *)outpack;
icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
icp->icmp_code = 0;
icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted++;
icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */
CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck);
if (timing)
(void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8],
(struct timezone *)NULL);
cc = datalen + 8; /* skips ICMP portion */
/* compute ICMP checksum here */
icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, &whereto,
sizeof(struct sockaddr));
if (i < 0 || i != cc) {
if (i < 0)
perror("ping: sendto");
(void)printf("ping: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n",
hostname, cc, i);
}
if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
}
/*
* pr_pack --
* Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary
* because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
* which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this
* program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
*/
void
pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from)
{
register struct icmphdr *icp;
register int i;
register u_char *cp,*dp;
/*#if 0*/
register u_long l;
register int j;
static int old_rrlen;
static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
/*#endif*/
struct iphdr *ip;
struct timeval tv, *tp;
long triptime = 0;
int hlen, dupflag;
(void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL);
/* Check the IP header */
ip = (struct iphdr *)buf;
hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
if (cc < datalen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
if (options & F_VERBOSE)
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"ping: packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc,
inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr));
return;
}
/* Now the ICMP part */
cc -= hlen;
icp = (struct icmphdr *)(buf + hlen);
if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) {
if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
++nreceived;
if (timing) {
#ifndef icmp_data
tp = (struct timeval *)(icp + 1);
#else
tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data;
#endif
tvsub(&tv, tp);
triptime = tv.tv_sec * 10000 + (tv.tv_usec / 100);
tsum += triptime;
if (triptime < tmin)
tmin = triptime;
if (triptime > tmax)
tmax = triptime;
}
if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
++nrepeats;
--nreceived;
dupflag = 1;
} else {
SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck);
dupflag = 0;
}
if (options & F_QUIET)
return;
if (options & F_FLOOD)
(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
else {
(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
icp->icmp_seq);
(void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
if (timing)
(void)printf(" time=%ld.%ld ms", triptime/10,
triptime%10);
if (dupflag)
(void)printf(" (DUP!)");
/* check the data */
#ifndef icmp_data
cp = ((u_char*)(icp + 1) + 8);
#else
cp = (u_char*)icp->icmp_data + 8;
#endif
dp = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)];
for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) {
if (*cp != *dp) {
(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
i, *dp, *cp);
cp = (u_char*)(icp + 1);
for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
if ((i % 32) == 8)
(void)printf("\n\t");
(void)printf("%x ", *cp);
}
break;
}
}
}
} else {
/* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */
if (!(options & F_VERBOSE))
return;
(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr));
pr_icmph(icp);
}
/*#if 0*/
/* Display any IP options */
cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct iphdr);
for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct iphdr); --hlen, ++cp)
switch (*cp) {
case IPOPT_EOL:
hlen = 0;
break;
case IPOPT_LSRR:
(void)printf("\nLSRR: ");
hlen -= 2;
j = *++cp;
++cp;
if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF)
for (;;) {
l = *++cp;
l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
if (l == 0)
(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
else
(void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l)));
hlen -= 4;
j -= 4;
if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF)
break;
(void)putchar('\n');
}
break;
case IPOPT_RR:
j = *++cp; /* get length */
i = *++cp; /* and pointer */
hlen -= 2;
if (i > j)
i = j;
i -= IPOPT_MINOFF;
if (i <= 0)
continue;
if (i == old_rrlen
&& cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct iphdr) + 2
&& !memcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
&& !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
(void)printf("\t(same route)");
i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4;
hlen -= i;
cp += i;
break;
}
old_rrlen = i;
memcpy(old_rr, cp, i);
(void)printf("\nRR: ");
for (;;) {
l = *++cp;
l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
if (l == 0)
(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
else
(void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l)));
hlen -= 4;
i -= 4;
if (i <= 0)
break;
(void)putchar('\n');
}
break;
case IPOPT_NOP:
(void)printf("\nNOP");
break;
default:
(void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
break;
}
/*#endif*/
if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
(void)putchar('\n');
(void)fflush(stdout);
}
}
/*
* in_cksum --
* Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
*/
static int
in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len)
{
register int nleft = len;
register u_short *w = addr;
register int sum = 0;
u_short answer = 0;
/*
* Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
* sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
* carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
*/
while (nleft > 1) {
sum += *w++;
nleft -= 2;
}
/* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
if (nleft == 1) {
*(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ;
sum += answer;
}
/* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */
answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */
return(answer);
}
/*
* tvsub --
* Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to
* be >= in.
*/
static void
tvsub(register struct timeval *out, register struct timeval *in)
{
if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
--out->tv_sec;
out->tv_usec += 1000000;
}
out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
}
/*
* finish --
* Print out statistics, and give up.
*/
static void
finish(int ignore)
{
(void)ignore;
(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
(void)putchar('\n');
(void)fflush(stdout);
(void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
(void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
(void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
if (nrepeats)
(void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
if (ntransmitted)
if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
(void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
else
(void)printf("%d%% packet loss",
(int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) /
ntransmitted));
(void)putchar('\n');
if (nreceived && timing)
(void)printf("round-trip min/avg/max = %ld.%ld/%lu.%ld/%ld.%ld ms\n",
tmin/10, tmin%10,
(tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats))/10,
(tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats))%10,
tmax/10, tmax%10);
if (nreceived==0) exit(1);
exit(0);
}
#ifdef notdef
static char *ttab[] = {
"Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */
"Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
"Source Quench", /* IP */
"Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */
"Echo",
"Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
"Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */
"Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */
"Timestamp Reply", /* " */
"Info Request", /* id + sq */
"Info Reply" /* " */
};
#endif
/*
* pr_icmph --
* Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
*/
static void
pr_icmph(struct icmphdr *icp)
{
switch(icp->icmp_type) {
case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
(void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
break;
case ICMP_DEST_UNREACH:
switch(icp->icmp_code) {
case ICMP_NET_UNREACH:
(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
break;
case ICMP_HOST_UNREACH:
(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
break;
case ICMP_PROT_UNREACH:
(void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
break;
case ICMP_PORT_UNREACH:
(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
break;
case ICMP_FRAG_NEEDED:
(void)printf("frag needed and DF set\n");
break;
case ICMP_SR_FAILED:
(void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
break;
case ICMP_NET_UNKNOWN:
(void)printf("Network Unknown\n");
break;
case ICMP_HOST_UNKNOWN:
(void)printf("Host Unknown\n");
break;
case ICMP_HOST_ISOLATED:
(void)printf("Host Isolated\n");
break;
case ICMP_NET_UNR_TOS:
printf("Destination Network Unreachable At This TOS\n");
break;
case ICMP_HOST_UNR_TOS:
printf("Destination Host Unreachable At This TOS\n");
break;
#ifdef ICMP_PKT_FILTERED
case ICMP_PKT_FILTERED:
(void)printf("Packet Filtered\n");
break;
#endif
#ifdef ICMP_PREC_VIOLATION
case ICMP_PREC_VIOLATION:
(void)printf("Precedence Violation\n");
break;
#endif
#ifdef ICMP_PREC_CUTOFF
case ICMP_PREC_CUTOFF:
(void)printf("Precedence Cutoff\n");
break;
#endif
default:
(void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Unknown Code: %d\n",
icp->icmp_code);
break;
}
/* Print returned IP header information */
#ifndef icmp_data
pr_retip((struct iphdr *)(icp + 1));
#else
pr_retip((struct iphdr *)icp->icmp_data);
#endif
break;
case ICMP_SOURCE_QUENCH:
(void)printf("Source Quench\n");
#ifndef icmp_data
pr_retip((struct iphdr *)(icp + 1));
#else
pr_retip((struct iphdr *)icp->icmp_data);
#endif
break;
case ICMP_REDIRECT:
switch(icp->icmp_code) {
case ICMP_REDIR_NET:
(void)printf("Redirect Network");
break;
case ICMP_REDIR_HOST:
(void)printf("Redirect Host");
break;
case ICMP_REDIR_NETTOS:
(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
break;
case ICMP_REDIR_HOSTTOS:
(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
break;
default:
(void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
break;
}
(void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n",
inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
#ifndef icmp_data
pr_retip((struct iphdr *)(icp + 1));
#else
pr_retip((struct iphdr *)icp->icmp_data);
#endif
break;
case ICMP_ECHO:
(void)printf("Echo Request\n");
/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
break;
case ICMP_TIME_EXCEEDED:
switch(icp->icmp_code) {
case ICMP_EXC_TTL:
(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
break;
case ICMP_EXC_FRAGTIME:
(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
break;
default:
(void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
icp->icmp_code);
break;
}
#ifndef icmp_data
pr_retip((struct iphdr *)(icp + 1));
#else
pr_retip((struct iphdr *)icp->icmp_data);
#endif
break;
case ICMP_PARAMETERPROB:
(void)printf("Parameter problem: IP address = %s\n",
inet_ntoa (icp->icmp_gwaddr));
#ifndef icmp_data
pr_retip((struct iphdr *)(icp + 1));
#else
pr_retip((struct iphdr *)icp->icmp_data);
#endif
break;
case ICMP_TIMESTAMP:
(void)printf("Timestamp\n");
/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
break;
case ICMP_TIMESTAMPREPLY:
(void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
break;
case ICMP_INFO_REQUEST:
(void)printf("Information Request\n");
/* XXX ID + Seq */
break;
case ICMP_INFO_REPLY:
(void)printf("Information Reply\n");
/* XXX ID + Seq */
break;
#ifdef ICMP_MASKREQ
case ICMP_MASKREQ:
(void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
break;
#endif
#ifdef ICMP_MASKREPLY
case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
(void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
break;
#endif
default:
(void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
}
}
/*
* pr_iph --
* Print an IP header with options.
*/
static void
pr_iph(struct iphdr *ip)
{
int hlen;
u_char *cp;
hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */
(void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst Data\n");
(void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x",
ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ip->ip_len, ip->ip_id);
(void)printf(" %1x %04x", ((ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
(void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ip->ip_sum);
(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*((struct in_addr *) &ip->ip_src)));
(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*((struct in_addr *) &ip->ip_dst)));
/* dump and option bytes */
while (hlen-- > 20) {
(void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
}
(void)putchar('\n');
}
/*
* pr_addr --
* Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
* a hostname.
*/
static char *
pr_addr(u_long l)
{
struct hostent *hp;
static char buf[256];
if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
!(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&l, 4, AF_INET)))
(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s",
inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l));
else
(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l));
return(buf);
}
/*
* pr_retip --
* Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
*/
static void
pr_retip(struct iphdr *ip)
{
int hlen;
u_char *cp;
pr_iph(ip);
hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
if (ip->ip_p == 6)
(void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
(*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
(void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
(*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
}
static void
fill(void *bp1, char *patp)
{
register int ii, jj, kk;
int pat[16];
char *cp, *bp = (char *)bp1;
for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++)
if (!isxdigit(*cp)) {
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"ping: patterns must be specified as hex digits.\n");
exit(2);
}
ii = sscanf(patp,
"%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
&pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
&pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
&pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
if (ii > 0)
for (kk = 0; kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + ii); kk += ii)
for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
(void)printf("\n");
}
}
static void
usage(void)
{
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"usage: ping [-LRdfnqrv] [-c count] [-i wait] [-l preload]\n\t[-p pattern] [-s packetsize] [-t ttl] [-I interface address] host\n");
exit(2);
}
