GitHub入门与实践（2）掌握Git 1、基本操作

1、基本操作

    1）初始化仓库

        git int

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>$ mkdir git-tutorial
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>$ cd git-tutorial/
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>$ git init
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>Initialized empty Git repository in c:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/Hello_World/git-tutorial/.git/

    2）查看仓库的状态

         git status

  <span style="white-space:pre">	</span>$ git status
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span># On branch master
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>#
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span># Initial commit
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>#
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)  
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>$ touch README.md
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>$ git status
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span># On branch master
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>#
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span># Initial commit
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>#
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span># Untracked files:
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>#
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>#       README.md
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

    3）向暂存区中添加文件

         git add

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>$ git add README.md            
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>$ git status
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span># On branch master
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>#
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span># Initial commit
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>#
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span># Changes to be committed:
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>#   (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>#
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>#       new file:   README.md
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>#

    4）保存仓库的历史记录

         git commit

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>$ git commit -m "First commit"
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>[master (root-commit) 3f9014e] First commit
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>create mode 100644 README.md
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>$ git status
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span># On branch master
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>nothing to commit, working directory clean

    5）查看提交日志

         git log

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>$ git log
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>commit 3f9014e2b31071d17f6d6d5ce144780a2e0dbf13
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>Author: Wu Jian <[email protected]>
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>Date:   Fri Feb 12 22:17:23 2016 +0800

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>    First commit         
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span># 只显示提交信息的第一行
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>$ git log --pretty=short
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>commit 3f9014e2b31071d17f6d6d5ce144780a2e0dbf13
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>Author: Wu Jian <[email protected]>

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>    First commit
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span># 只显示指定目录、文件的日志
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>$ git log README.md
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>commit 3f9014e2b31071d17f6d6d5ce144780a2e0dbf13
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>Author: Wu Jian <[email protected]>
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>Date:   Fri Feb 12 22:17:23 2016 +0800

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>    First commit
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span># 显示文件的改动
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>$ git log -p
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>$ git log -p README.md
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>commit 3f9014e2b31071d17f6d6d5ce144780a2e0dbf13
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>Author: Wu Jian <[email protected]>
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>Date:   Fri Feb 12 22:17:23 2016 +0800
            
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>    First commit

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>new file mode 100644
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>index 0000000..e69de29

    6）查看更改前后的差别

         git diff

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>$ git diff
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>index e69de29..f2eddc2 100644
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>--- a/README.md
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>+++ b/README.md
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>@@ -0,0 +1 @@
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>+# Git<BD>̳<CC>
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>\ No newline at end of file     
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>$ git add README.md
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>$ git diff HEAD
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>index e69de29..f2eddc2 100644
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>--- a/README.md
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>+++ b/README.md
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>@@ -0,0 +1 @@
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>+# Git<BD>̳<CC>
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>\ No newline at end of file