51单片机资源扩展:扩展片外RAM
51单片机资源扩展:从片内ROM跳转到片外ROM 一文中扩展了单片机的程序存储器，4KB存储空间提升到64KB。其实，4K的代码空间还凑合，但是51自带的256B数据存储空间使用起来还真紧张，其中留给用户的连128B都不到，所以不得不扩展片外RAM。扩展RAM方法和扩展ROM差不多，都是占用P0/P2口做地址线，同时P0用锁存器74373分时复用地址和数据信号。
以前扩展RAM是用汇编语言访问存储器，好处是定位精准，指哪打哪，坏处就是：程序规模一大就有点难维护了，所以还得改用C实现。
对应于汇编语言用R1,R0/DPTR访问外部RAM，keil C扩展了存储类型，增加了如pdata(等同用movx @Rn访问方式)/xdata(等同于movx @DPTR访问方式)存储类型用于访问片外ram。同时，还提供了绝对地址访问的宏，如PBYTE/XBYTE，查看定义：
#define PBYTE((unsigned char volatile pdata*)0); #define XBYTE((unsigned char volatile xdata*)0);
其实，也还是定义相应存储类型的指针~。
上仿真图和代码前，整理一下keil c提供访问绝对地址的方法：
1._at_定义变量：
变量类型 [存储类型] 变量名 _at_ 常数，指定变量存放在常数所指定的ram位置，注意bit型变量不能使用_at_指定位置；
2.绝对地址访问：
头文件absacc.h提供了绝对地址访问宏，用于字节/字寻址，如
val=XBYTE[0x0000];读片外ram 0x00处内存值
XBYTE[0x0200]=val;写片外ram 0x0200处内存值
扩展ram仿真图：
上段去年用汇编写的访问ram的代码：
ORG 0 SJMP START ORG 10H START: ;1456是要访问的内存地址 MOV DPTR,#1456H; MOV A, #0FFH; ;0xFF移入[1456] MOVX @DPTR,A; CLR A; MOVX A, @DPTR; ;对外部RAM 1456H读出数据到A NOP MOV A, #0A0H; INC DPL MOVX @DPTR,A; ;将0xA0写入外部RAM 1457H NOP ;从外部RAM [1457]H读出数据到A MOVX A, @DPTR; NOP SJMP START ENDc语言版本：
#include <reg51.h>
#include <absacc.h>
#define OFFRAMBASE 0x100
unsigned char xdata offRamVal0 _at_ OFFRAMBASE*2;
unsigned char xdata offRamVal1 _at_ 0x00;
int main()
{
unsigned char idata index = 0;
offRamVal0 = 0xAA;
offRamVal1 = 0xCC;
for(index=0;index<0x10;index++)
{
XBYTE[index+OFFRAMBASE] = 0x55;
}
return 0;
}最后看下程序运行后6264内部存储的数据：
0000: <span style="color:#FF0000;">CC</span> 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................ 0010: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................ 0020: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................ 0090: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................ 00A0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................ 00B0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................ 00C0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................ 00D0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................ 00E0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................ 00F0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................ 0100:<span style="color:#FF0000;"> 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 | UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU</span> 0110: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................ 0120: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01E0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................ 01F0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................ 0200: <span style="color:#FF0000;">AA</span> 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
后记：
本来想自己扩展ram的，可是ram芯片属于高速信号，自己布板就省了，还是玩泥巴去了。。。